In　1-dimensional　queue　wireless　sensor　networks,　how　to　balance　end-to-end　latency　and　energy　consumption　is　a　challenging　problem.　However,　traditional　best　path　routing　and　existing　opportunistic　routing　protocols　do　not　address　them　well　because　relay　hop　counts　are　usually　much　more,　and　the　link　appears　more　unreliable　compared　with　general　mesh　topology.　In　this　work,　we　formulate　these　2　problems　as　a　multiobjective　optimization　problem.　Specifically,　we　first　classify　network　packets　into　types　of　time　tolerant　and　time　critical　and　introduce　a　residual　energy　collection　mechanism　of　neighboring　nodes　for　forwarder　set　selection.　We　then　propose　a　time-aware　and　energy-efficient　opportunistic　routing　protocol　(TE-OR)　to　optimize　energy　consumption　and　to　reduce　latency　for　time-critical　packets.　We　evaluate　TE-OR　by　different　parameters　and　compare　it　with　existing　protocols.　The　performance　results　show　that　TE-OR　achieves　a　trade-off　between　energy　consumption　and　time　delay　and　balances　energy　consumption　among　nodes　while　guaranteeing　the　latency　of　time-critical　packets　is　minimized.　Copyright　©　2016　John　Wiley　&　Sons,　Ltd.