Electrospinning　is　an　important　tool　for　generating　continuous　fibers　with　large　surface　area　and　high　pore　ratio.　The　combination　of　nanofiber　membrane　and　molecular　imprinting　can　effectively　measure　specific　adsorption　of　putrescine　with　coloring　procedure.　In　this　work,　molecularly　imprinted　electrospun　chromogenic　membrane　was　synthesized　with　1,4-butanediol　(BDO)　as　imitate　template.　Poly(vinyl　alcohol)　(PVA)　is　used　as　spinning　solution　and　ninhydrin　as　chromogenic　agent　for　visualizing　detection　of　target　molecular　putrescine.　The　adsorption　concentration　on　molecularly　imprinted　polymer　is　illustrated　by　blue-purple　colored　stains　and　recorded　by　interactive　three-dimensional　surface　plot　of　ImageJ.　The　results　indicated　that　a　uniform　and　bead-free　PVA　nanofiber　was　obtained　using　10%　(w/w)　PVA　solution,　15　kV　voltage,　15　cm　spinning　distance,　and　600　rpm　roller　speed.　Also,　the　adsorption　performance　of　molecular　imprinting　chromogenic　membrane　was　investigated　in　detail,　showing　a　higher　adsorption　capacity　of　33.16　μg　cm−2　and　maximum　imprinting　efficiency　of　2.30　under　the　best　recognition　conditions　of　315　μL　ninhydrin,　0.25%　(w/w)　BDO,　and　0.4　cm　sensing　distance,　as　well　as　a　short　adsorption　equilibrium　time　of　40　min.　In　addition,　three　amine　competitors　were　discussed　to　reveal　the　better　selectivity　and　higher　specific　recognition　ability　in　the　imprinted　membrane.　HIGHLIGHTS:　The　molecular　imprinting　and　coloring　structure　is　constructed　in　nanofiber　membrane　with　an　enhanced　specific　surface　area.　The　adsorption　on　imprinted　membrane　is　visualized　by　chromogenic　reaction　between　putrescine　and　ninhydrin　to　form　a　three-dimensional　interactive　surface　proceeded　using　the　ImageJ　software.　The　imprinted　nanofiber　membrane　with　large　area　and　high　pore　ratio　is　applied　in　detecting　target　in　trace　concentration　within　shortened　time.　©　2019　Wiley　Periodicals,　Inc.　J.　Appl.　Polym.　Sci.　2019,　136,　48186.　©　2019　Wiley　Periodicals,　Inc.