Improvements　to　industrial　economic　efficiency　are　important　in　coordinating　China＇s　economic　development　and　its　environmental　protections;　furthermore,　an　effective　environmental　regulation　system　is　a　crucial　driver　of　both　industrial　economic　efficiency　and　technological　innovation.　Using　panel　data　pertaining　to　China＇s　12　characteristic　industries　over　the　2008-2015　period,　this　study　divides　environmental　regulations　into　two　types　-　namely,　cost-oriented　environmental　regulations　(ER1)　and　investment-oriented　environmental　regulations　(ER2).　This　study　employs　a　slacks-based　method　to　calculate　the　economic　efficiency　of　different　groups　of　industries,　and　it　applies　a　regression　model　to　test　the　effects　of　these　two　types　of　environmental　regulations　on　economic　efficiency　and　technological　innovation　among　China＇s　12　key　industries.　Our　research　results　offer　three　distinct　findings.　(1)　These　two　types　of　environmental　regulations　have　opposite　effects　on　industrial　efficiency　and　technological　innovation:　ER1　have　significant　and　positive　effects　on　economic　efficiency　and　technological　innovation,　but　ER2　have　negative　effects　on　them.　(2)　The　results　with　respect　to　various　groups　of　industries　differ　widely,　with　low-efficiency　industries　sustaining　a　more　positive　influence　from　environmental　regulations　and　technological　innovation　than　high-efficiency　ones.　(3)　Technological　innovation　effectively　promotes　the　economic　efficiency　of　industries　and　tends　to　have　a　more　significant　impact　on　relatively　low-efficiency　industries.　These　findings　indicate　that　the　effects　of　different　types　of　environmental　regulations　differ　across　industries.　Finally,　to　optimize　and　adjust　these　environmental　regulation　tools,　this　study　makes　policy　recommendations　for　various　industries.