One-dimensional　cerium　phosphate　nanomaterials　have　been　synthesized　by　the　resource　of　sodium　phosphate　and　cerium　nitrate,　via　a　hydrothermal　method,　using　surfactant　P123　as　template,　as　the　pH　value　of　solution　is　1,　the　temperature　is　140　degrees　C,　the　time　is　24　h,　and　a　possible　mechanism　for　fabricating　the　one-dimensional　cerium　phosphate　nanomaterials　was　proposed.　XRD,　TEM,　FT-IR,　UV-Vis,　and　PL　spectra　were　used　for　characterization,　which　shows　that　the　maximum　length　of　the　cerium　phosphate　nanowire　reaches　1　mu　m　with　diameter　of　10　similar　to　25　nm.　It　is　uniform　with　high　ratios.　Compared　with　common　nanoparticles,　its　photoluminescence　emission　is　greatly　enhanced.　Therefore,　with　the　novel　fluorescence-emission　property,　the　hexagonal　cerium　phosphate　one-dimensional　nanomaterials　are　potential　in　many　other　fields　such　as　optics,　electronics　and　so　on.