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Abstract:
This article describes the new economic decarboxylative trifluoromethylating reagent [Cu(phen)(O2CCF3)] (1; phen=1,10-phenanthroline) and the efficient difluorocarbene precursor [Cu(phen)(2)][O2CCF2Cl] (2). Treatment of copper tert-butoxide with phen and subsequent addition of trifluoroacetic acid or chlorodifluoroacetic acid afforded air-stable complexes 1 and 2, respectively, which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The copper(I) ion in 1 is coordinated by a bidentate phen ligand, a monodentate trifluoroacetate group, and a molecule of CH3CN in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. The molecular structure of 2 adopts an ionic form that consists of a [Cu(phen)(2)](+) cation and a chlorodifluoroacetate anion. Complex 1 reacted with a variety of aryl and heteroaryl halides to form trifluoromethyl (hetero)arenes in good yields. The corresponding Hammett plot exhibited a linear relationship and a reaction parameter ()=+0.56 +/- 0.02, which indicated that the trifluoromethylation reaction proceeded via a nucleophilic reactive species. Complex 2 reacts with phenols to produce aryl difluoromethyl ethers in modest-to-excellent yields. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the difluoromethylation reaction proceeds by initial copper-mediated formation of difluorocarbene and subsequent concerted addition of difluorocarbene to the phenol to form a three-center transition state.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
ISSN: 0947-6539
Year: 2016
Issue: 6
Volume: 22
Page: 2075-2084
5 . 3 1 7
JCR@2016
3 . 9 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: CHEMISTRY;
ESI HC Threshold:235
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:2
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 58
SCOPUS Cited Count: 57
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 2 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 1
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