Aflatoxins　are　naturally　existing　mycotoxins　produced　mainly　by　Aspergillus　flavus　and　Aspergillus　parasiticus,　present　in　a　wide　range　of　food　and　feed　products.　Because　of　their　extremely　high　toxicity　and　carcinogenicity,　strict　control　of　maximum　residue　levels　of　aflatoxins　in　foodstuff　is　set　by　many　countries.　In　daily　routine,　different　chromatographic　methods　are　used　almost　exclusively.　As　supplement,　in　several　companies　enzyme　immunoassay-based　sample　testing　as　primary　screening　is　performed.　Recently,　nanomaterials　such　as　noble　metal　nanoparticles,　magnetic　particles,　carbon　nanomaterials,　quantum　dots,　and　silica　nanomaterials　are　increasingly　utilized　for　aflatoxin　determination　to　improve　the　sensitivity　and　simplify　the　detection.　They　are　employed　either　as　supports　for　the　immobilization　of　biomolecules　or　as　electroactive　or　optical　labels　for　signal　transduction　and　amplification.　Several　nanoparticle-based　electrochemical,　piezoelectric,　optical,　and　immunodipstick　assays　for　aflatoxins　have　been　developed.　In　this　review,　we　summarize　these　recent　advances　and　illustrate　novel　concepts　and　promising　applications　in　the　field　of　food　safety.　(C)　2016　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.