Background:　The　participation　of　enterprises　and　governments　in　the　Medicines　Patent　Pool　(MPP)　improves　the　disease　management　levels　by　enhancing　the　accessibility　of　medical　resources.　Non-participation　of　the　stakeholders　restricts　the　development　of　the　MPP.　Hence,　systematic　analysis　of　the　key　factors　influencing　MPP　participation　is　necessary.　Methods:　A　system　dynamics　model　of　the　market　before　and　after　enterprises　and　governments　join　the　MPP　was　constructed　by　considering　the　economic　benefits　of　both　stakeholders.　The　effects　of　generic　drug　prices,　royalty　rates,　pooling　subsidies,　and　enterprise　scale　on　the　relevant　benefit　difference　were　analyzed.　Data　from　the　China　Medical　and　Economic　Network　for　the　period　2003-2016,　as　well　as　the　2017　annual　report　of　Celgene　Corporation,　were　used　as　test　data.　Results:　The　proper　pooling　subsidy　coefficient　ranges　between　0.05　and　0.08　when　the　generic　drug　price　ratio　and　royalty　rate　are　lower　than　36%　and　34%,　respectively.　These　factors　could　enhance　the　willingness　of　both　stakeholders　to　join　the　MPP.　Initial　R&D　investments　and　the　relative　drug　patent　intensity　of　enterprises　respectively　exert　positive　and　negative　impacts　on　their　willingness　to　join　the　MPP.　Conclusion:　To　encourage　stakeholders　to　join　the　MPP,　generic　drug　prices　should　be　lowered,　license　fees　and　subsidies　should　be　adjusted　appropriately,　and　the　R&D　scale　and　strength　of　original　drug　enterprises　should　be　taken　into　account.　The　research　results　provide　a　reference　for　formulating　the　rules　of　MPP　and　other　policies　aiming　to　facilitate　the　sharing　and　innovation　of　medical　resources.