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author:

Zhang, Shuang (Zhang, Shuang.) [1] | Pun, Sio Hang (Pun, Sio Hang.) [2] | Mak, Peng Un (Mak, Peng Un.) [3] | Qin, Yu Ping (Qin, Yu Ping.) [4] | Liu, Yi He (Liu, Yi He.) [5] | Gao, Yue Ming (Gao, Yue Ming.) [6] (Scholars:高跃明) | Vai, Mang, I (Vai, Mang, I.) [7]

Indexed by:

EI Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

With the development of microelectronics and sensor technologies, implantable electronic devices are employed in many applications. These devices are distributed on or in the human bodies and are used to transmit signals wirelessly to external equipment. In conventional wireless communications, the antennas need a lot of space and power, and their strong electromagnetic interference limits the available locations for implantable devices. In the more recently developed galvanic coupling intra-body communication technology, human tissues are used as the media of signal transmission, and this method has therefore been applied to resolve the spatial limitations of conventional wireless communications methods. This paper presents a mathematical model of multi-layer galvanic coupling based on the volume conductor theory to analyze the transmission mechanism of these implantable intra-body communication devices. The proposed model is based on the quasi-static approximation conditions of Maxwell's equations, the field and potential are solved from Poisson's equation, and an equation was obtained to model the channel attenuation. The channel gain in a model of human limbs can be used to calculate within the frequency range of lesser than 1 MHz. To verify the accuracy and applicability of the model, the computed results were compared with the physiological saline and porcine tissue experimental results in the 100-kHz frequency.

Keyword:

galvanic coupling intra-body communication Implantable communication implantable medical device (IMD) Poisson's equation volume conductor theory

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Zhang, Shuang]Univ Macau, State Key Lab Analog & Mixed Signal VLSI, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Pun, Sio Hang]Univ Macau, State Key Lab Analog & Mixed Signal VLSI, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Vai, Mang, I]Univ Macau, State Key Lab Analog & Mixed Signal VLSI, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 4 ] [Zhang, Shuang]Univ Macau, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 5 ] [Mak, Peng Un]Univ Macau, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 6 ] [Vai, Mang, I]Univ Macau, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Macau 999078, Peoples R China
  • [ 7 ] [Zhang, Shuang]Neijiang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
  • [ 8 ] [Qin, Yu Ping]Neijiang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
  • [ 9 ] [Liu, Yi He]Neijiang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
  • [ 10 ] [Mak, Peng Un]Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB3 0AS, England
  • [ 11 ] [Gao, Yue Ming]Fuzhou Univ, Key Lab Med Instrumentat & Pharmaceut Technol Fuj, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, Peoples R China
  • [ 12 ] [Gao, Yue Ming]Fuzhou Univ, Coll Phys & Informat Engn, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, Peoples R China

Reprint 's Address:

  • [Mak, Peng Un]Univ Macau, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Macau 999078, Peoples R China;;[Mak, Peng Un]Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB3 0AS, England

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Source :

IEEE ACCESS

ISSN: 2169-3536

Year: 2019

Volume: 7

Page: 11934-11945

3 . 7 4 5

JCR@2019

3 . 4 0 0

JCR@2023

ESI Discipline: ENGINEERING;

ESI HC Threshold:150

JCR Journal Grade:1

CAS Journal Grade:2

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count: 7

SCOPUS Cited Count: 18

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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