Grouted　connections　are　commonly　used　in　marine　engineering,　especially　on　oil　platforms,　cross-sea　bridges,　and　offshore　wind　power　turbines.　The　prediction　methods　for　axial　carrying　capacity　of　grouted　connections　with　shear　keys　and　their　application　ranges　in　current　codes　were　analyzed　in　this　paper.　The　calculated　results　by　using　different　codes　were　compared　based　on　a　practical　grouted　connection　between　steel　piles　and　the　jacket　foundation　of　a　wind　turbine.　The　research　team　conducted　axial　compression　tests　on　seven　specimens,　collected　a　wide　range　of　experimental　results　to　establish　a　database,　and　finally　compared　the　standard　calculation　results　with　the　experimental　results.　The　study　indicates　that　the　axial　strength　of　grouted　connections　predicted　by　different　methods　is　distinct.　The　calculation　formula　of　the　British　Health　and　Safety　Executive　(HSE,　2002)　has　obvious　limitations;　specifically,　with　increased　shear　keys,　strength　is　overestimated,　resulting　in　insecure　design　outcome　of　structures.　The　results　calculated　by　the　Norwegian　Det　Norske　Veritas　(DNV,　2013)　are　generally　consistent　with　the　experimental　results,　in　which　the　reduction　effect　of　multiple　shear　keys　was　considered.　The　prediction　method　of　the　American　Petroleum　Institute　(API,　2007),　which　undervalues　the　bearing　performance　of　connections,　is　excessively　conservative.　The　method　of　the　combined　Norwegian　and　German　Det　Norske　Veritas-Germanischer　Lloyd　(DNV-GL,　2016)　has　wider　applicability　and　is　safe,　reliable,　and　economical.