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学者姓名：钟剑锋
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Abstract ：
Due to long-term exposure to harsh natural environments, insulators are prone to flashover, breakage and self-explosion, which can cause great harm, and therefore regular inspection of insulators is needed to ensure the safety of the power system. The traditional manual inspection is costly and inefficient. To solve this problem, we propose an insulator defective site detection algorithm SR-YOLOv5s (Structural Re-parameterization YOLOv5s) based on improved YOLOv5s. First, we design a Structural Re-parameterization Bottleneck (SRB) module and replace the Bottleneck module in the C3 module with the SRB module, which reduces the number of parameters and GFLOPs (Giga FLoating-Point Operations Per Second) of the model. Then, we introduce Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA), which is combined with the C3 module to construct a Cross-Stage Partial Bottleneck Transformer (CSP BoT), which assists neural networks in analyzing the relationship between insulators, their defect features, and the surrounding environment. By assigning appropriate weights, it enables more accurate identification of targets within images, thereby enhancing the model’s overall accuracy. Experimental results show that the SR-YOLOv5s algorithm proposed in this paper has higher detection accuracy, smaller model size and faster detection speed in the defect detection task of insulators compared to the original YOLOv5s algorithm. The method provides a reference for defect detection of insulators. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025.
Keyword ：
Deep learning Deep learning Defect detection Defect detection Insulator Insulator Neural network Neural network Structural re-parameterization Structural re-parameterization YOLOv5 YOLOv5
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, A. , He, X. , Zhang, C. et al. A Deep Neural Network for Insulator Defect Detection in Aerial Images [J]. | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology , 2025 . |
| MLA | Chen, A. et al. "A Deep Neural Network for Insulator Defect Detection in Aerial Images" . | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, A. , He, X. , Zhang, C. , Zhong, J. . A Deep Neural Network for Insulator Defect Detection in Aerial Images . | Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology , 2025 . |
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The measurement of instantaneous rotational speed (IRS) for rotating machinery is essential for ensuring operational stability, enabling predictive maintenance, and guaranteeing the safe operation of rotating equipment. Encoders, as a common measurement method, face challenges such as inconvenient installation and load effects on the shaft. To tackle these issues, a novel vision-based measurement method for the IRS of the shaft using projection fringe was proposed. The proposed method only requires processing a single row of data, thus offering advantages in measurement efficiency and data volume. A pattern with a sine white edge was first preset to the circumferential surface of the shaft. Then, a constant density fringe from the projection lamp was projected onto the white pattern, in which the fringe center will be sine-modulated by the white pattern during the rotation of the shaft. Cross correlation was utilized to track the coordinate variation of the fringe center, thereby obtaining its variation curve. An improved short-time Fourier transform with adaptive window length was proposed to accurately estimate rotational frequency from the fringe center variation curve (CVC), enabling the determination of shaft IRS. In this study, a system simulation model was established to analyze the various factors influencing its performance. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed system and algorithm was verified through experiments, proving that its measurement accuracy was comparable to that of encoders. Constant speed measurement of 300 r/min showed that the average speed error was 0.99 r/min with a relative error of 0.33%. Linear-varied speed measurement revealed that the average speed error was 3.01 r/min with a relative error of 0.48%. Sine-varied speed measurements indicated that the average speed error was 5.80 r/min with a relative error of 0.89%. Consequently, the proposed system offers a promising and reliable avenue for IRS measurement of rotating equipment.
Keyword ：
Accuracy Accuracy Cameras Cameras Cross correlation Cross correlation instantaneous rotational speed (IRS) instantaneous rotational speed (IRS) Interference Interference Optical sensors Optical sensors Optical variables measurement Optical variables measurement projection fringe projection fringe Rotation measurement Rotation measurement Sensors Sensors Shafts Shafts Velocity control Velocity control Vibration measurement Vibration measurement vision-based measurement vision-based measurement
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Dongming , Zhong, Jianfeng , Huang, Yuexin et al. Shaft Instantaneous Rotational Speed Vision Sensing Method Using Projection Fringe [J]. | IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL , 2025 , 25 (7) : 10800-10810 . |
| MLA | Liu, Dongming et al. "Shaft Instantaneous Rotational Speed Vision Sensing Method Using Projection Fringe" . | IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 25 . 7 (2025) : 10800-10810 . |
| APA | Liu, Dongming , Zhong, Jianfeng , Huang, Yuexin , Guo, Haoyang , Feng, Bin , Tu, Zengren et al. Shaft Instantaneous Rotational Speed Vision Sensing Method Using Projection Fringe . | IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL , 2025 , 25 (7) , 10800-10810 . |
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Abstract ：
To adapt the demands of the high-speed and real-time dynamic measurements, a linear array sensor (LAS) and projection fringe-based vision system was proposed to measure the radial vibration of rotating shaft. The projection lamp projects fringe pattern onto the surface of the shaft, and the LAS captures the modulated fringe sequences for tracking the vibration signal using a proposed fringe signal processing method. Simulations using 3-D software were carried out first to verify the feasibility of the method, and the performance of the system was analyzed and investigated by simulations and experiments. In the experiments, the proposed system and the eddy current sensor (ECS)-based system were employed to simultaneously measure the shaft vibration under constant and variable rotating speed conditions for comparison. The result showed that the system can measure the radial vibration of the rotating shaft accurately using 1-D fringe signal. The LAS-based system has the advantages of high accuracy, low cost, and small data for processing, which makes it suitable for vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis for rotating shaft.
Keyword ：
Current measurement Current measurement Displacement measurement Displacement measurement Linear array sensor (LAS) camera Linear array sensor (LAS) camera Machine vision Machine vision Monitoring Monitoring Optical imaging Optical imaging Optical sensors Optical sensors projection fringe projection fringe radial vibration radial vibration rotating shaft rotating shaft Sensor arrays Sensor arrays Shafts Shafts vibration measurement vibration measurement Vibration measurement Vibration measurement Vibrations Vibrations
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Dongming , Zhong, Jianfeng , Chi, Shoujiang et al. Linear Array Sensor-Based Vision System for Shaft Radial Vibration Sensing Using Projection Fringe [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 74 . |
| MLA | Liu, Dongming et al. "Linear Array Sensor-Based Vision System for Shaft Radial Vibration Sensing Using Projection Fringe" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 74 (2025) . |
| APA | Liu, Dongming , Zhong, Jianfeng , Chi, Shoujiang , Zhang, Qiukun , Peng, Zhike , Zhong, Shuncong . Linear Array Sensor-Based Vision System for Shaft Radial Vibration Sensing Using Projection Fringe . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 74 . |
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This study investigated the static coupling characteristics of a column-type six-component force/moment transducer. An output model of the transducer was developed and validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations. Length-to-diameter ratio (RLD), deflection angles of strain gauge, and multi-component loads were analysed in relation to transducer coupling. Six transducers with different RLDs and strain gauge deflection angles were tested under single and multi-component loads. It was found that the coupling of Fz under Fx or Fy was pronounced when RLD was small. The coupling of Fz under Fx increased from less than 5 % to 34 % when RLD decreased from 3.5 to 2.0. However, couplings of other components under Fz were not sensitive to RLD. The strain gauge deflection angles had the largest effect on the coupling of the Fz component, its coupling increased from 2.5 % to over 17.5% under Mx as the deflection angle increased from 0 degrees to 6 degrees. However, couplings of other components caused by Fz were not sensitive to strain gauge deflection angle. The couplings under multicomponent loads were found to approximate the superposition of those under single-component loads, with deviations within 2 %, indicating good linearity and easy decoupling of the transducer.
Keyword ：
Column-type Column-type Coupling characteristics Coupling characteristics Force measurement Force measurement Six-component Six-component
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| GB/T 7714 | Liang, Wei , Xu, Zhenting , Xie, Zhijie et al. Coupling characteristic of column-type six-component force/ moment transducers [J]. | MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 242 . |
| MLA | Liang, Wei et al. "Coupling characteristic of column-type six-component force/ moment transducers" . | MEASUREMENT 242 (2025) . |
| APA | Liang, Wei , Xu, Zhenting , Xie, Zhijie , Hong, Xiaodong , Zhong, Jianfeng , Zhong, Shuncong et al. Coupling characteristic of column-type six-component force/ moment transducers . | MEASUREMENT , 2025 , 242 . |
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A bistable composite cylindrical structure is a thin-walled shell, stable in its extended and coiled configurations, that offers large shape-morphing capabilities without structural damage. It has been successfully applied to deployable structures and launched into orbit. Smart-morphing designs provide new freedom and flexibility for space-deployable mechanics, reducing structural weight and complexity. Here, we present a novel magnetically activated bistable composite cylindrical structure, where the fundamentals of the critical magnetic driving boundaries are revealed for the first time to develop a reversed smart-morphing design principle. This is achieved by employing a magnetically responsive area within a bistable composite, where the NdFeB particles are co-cured directly with the carbon layups to ensure good bonding. Theoretical analysis of the magnetic driving principle was developed to reveal the interacting mechanics of a bistable structure subjected to magnetic actuation. The magnetic field distribution was characterized through experiments; a series of magnetic-responsive bistable composite cylindrical samples were produced and subjected to magnetic activation to determine the critical shape transition intensities. Their shape-changing processes were also evaluated through mechanical testing and compared to the magnetic driving mechanics. It is found that there is an optimal level of magnetic particle concentration to minimize the magnetically responsive time and input energy. The critical boundaries in terms of the current and air gap are established through theoretical analysis and verified through experimental observations. The magnetic driving mechanics are then discussed and concluded in detail. This provides a simple and effective alternative for smart actuation and morphing control of bistable composite structures, supporting their future applications in deep space exploration.
Keyword ：
bistable bistable composite composite driving driving magnetic magnetic mechanics mechanics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Bing , Zhang, Shunnan , Guan, Chenglong et al. Magnetic driving mechanics of a bistable composite cylindrical structure [J]. | SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 34 (4) . |
| MLA | Wang, Bing et al. "Magnetic driving mechanics of a bistable composite cylindrical structure" . | SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 34 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Bing , Zhang, Shunnan , Guan, Chenglong , Zhong, Jianfeng , Zhong, Shuncong . Magnetic driving mechanics of a bistable composite cylindrical structure . | SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 34 (4) . |
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Meta-learning has been widely applied and achieved certain results in few-shot cross-domain fault diagnosis due to its powerful generalization and robustness. However, existing meta-learning methods mainly focus on cross-domain fault diagnosis within the same machine, ignoring the fact that there are more significant domain distribution differences and sample imbalance problems between different machines, leading to poor diagnostic performance. This paper proposes a semi-supervised prototypical network with dual correction to address these issues. First, a dual-channel residual network is utilized to comprehensively extract sample features, capturing deep and shallow information. Then, correct the semi-supervised prototypical network by weighting the features and adding a shift term on support set samples and query set samples, respectively, to diminish its intra-class and extra-class bias. Meanwhile, a regularization term is introduced into the model to balance the distribution among different class prototypes, enhancing distinctiveness. Finally, few-shot cross-machine fault diagnosis experiments are conducted on three datasets to validate the method's effectiveness. Additionally, an interpretability analysis of the model is conducted using the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique to discern its primary regions of focus in the classification tasks.
Keyword ：
cross-domain cross-domain fault diagnosis fault diagnosis interpretability analysis interpretability analysis meta-learning meta-learning semi-supervised prototypical network semi-supervised prototypical network
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Guigang , Gu, Kairong , Jiang, Haifeng et al. A semi-supervised prototypical network with dual correction for few-shot cross-machine fault diagnosis [J]. | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (4) . |
| MLA | Liu, Guigang et al. "A semi-supervised prototypical network with dual correction for few-shot cross-machine fault diagnosis" . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 36 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Liu, Guigang , Gu, Kairong , Jiang, Haifeng , Zhong, Jianhua , Zhong, Jianfeng . A semi-supervised prototypical network with dual correction for few-shot cross-machine fault diagnosis . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (4) . |
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A bistable composite tape-spring (CTS) structure is a thin-walled open slit tube with fibres oriented at +/- 45 degrees, which is stable at both the extended and fully coiled configurations. Owning to its positive Gaussian curvature deformation mechanics and high stowage-to-pack ratio, it has been successfully applied and launched to International Space Station and microsatellites to construct deployable solar sails. Intelligent driving designs of the CTS-based deployable structures are becoming more and more important to further reduce weight and complexities for space applications. Here, we presented novel findings on the passive thermal driving mechanics of the bistable CTS structure. This is achieved by exploring the thermal energy-induced microstructural expansion and contraction, which would change the structural curvature, and thus regulating the strain energy within the CTS. An analytical model on the strain energy evolution under thermal effects was established to predict the minimum stable shape transition paths, as well as to determine the critical boundary conditions for thermal driving. Both experiments and finite element model were then carried out to reveal underlying mechanisms. It is found that a CTS is able to be passively deployed under thermal energy, there is a minimum energy constraint to initiate the shape morphing process, and the critical boundaries are dependent on the thermal expansion of the structural material. These findings provide a novel low cost, simple and reversed smart morphing design principle of the CTS structure, enriching the theoretical analysis and deployable control of the bistable composites to benefit future deep space explorations.
Keyword ：
Bistable Bistable Composite Composite Mechanism Mechanism Strain energy Strain energy Thermal driving Thermal driving
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| GB/T 7714 | Peng, Yulin , Zhu, Juncheng , Wang, Bing et al. Passive thermal driving mechanics of a bistable composite tape-spring [J]. | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES , 2025 , 210 . |
| MLA | Peng, Yulin et al. "Passive thermal driving mechanics of a bistable composite tape-spring" . | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES 210 (2025) . |
| APA | Peng, Yulin , Zhu, Juncheng , Wang, Bing , Guan, Chenglong , Zhong, Jianfeng , Zhong, Shuncong . Passive thermal driving mechanics of a bistable composite tape-spring . | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES , 2025 , 210 . |
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A bolt loosening detection method based on the summation coefficient of the absolute spectrum ratio technique is proposed to address the prevalent issue of bolt loosening in mechanical connections. This proposed method involves initially collecting vibration and rotation speed signals of the motor bolt connection structure, acquiring the baseline spectrum curve of a healthy structure and the spectrum curves of non-healthy structures under different degrees of bolt looseness through chirp Fourier transform (CFT). Subsequently, the spectrum ratio curves between healthy and non-healthy structures are calculated for different degrees of bolt loosening, and then the Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio (SCASR) is defined to indicate the looseness. In the mathematical model, a linear relationship is observed between the SCASR and the frequency shift of the resonance peak. To standardize the results of bolt loosening detection, the SCASR could be divided by the number of points in the fixed frequency band to obtain the average of SCASR as the detection index for bolt loosening. Finally, a linear fitting equation is established between the bolt torque and the average of SCASR, so that the change in the average value can be used to determine whether the bolt is loose and evaluate the severity of bolt looseness. The detection performance of this proposed method has been effectively validated through both simulation and experiments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively detect bolt loosening, particularly in its early stages, using low-frequency band data in three axes.
Keyword ：
chirp Fourier transform chirp Fourier transform detection index for bolt loosening degree detection index for bolt loosening degree early stage of bolt loosening early stage of bolt loosening reference spectrum curve reference spectrum curve Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Haoyang , Zhong, Jianfeng , Feng, Bin et al. Detection Method for Bolt Loosening Based on Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio [J]. | SENSORS , 2025 , 25 (1) . |
| MLA | Guo, Haoyang et al. "Detection Method for Bolt Loosening Based on Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio" . | SENSORS 25 . 1 (2025) . |
| APA | Guo, Haoyang , Zhong, Jianfeng , Feng, Bin , Chen, Yulong , Zhong, Shuncong . Detection Method for Bolt Loosening Based on Summation Coefficient of Absolute Spectrum Ratio . | SENSORS , 2025 , 25 (1) . |
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Accurate rotational speed measurement is a prerequisite for realizing the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotating equipment. This study proposes a novel rotational speed measurement method based on optical coherent displacement measurement. An optical coherence system is used to measure the relative depth of the shaft surface with uniformly etched micro-indentations on the circumferential surface. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the Hanning window energy centrobaric method (HnWECM) are used to process the collected photoelectric signals to obtain depth information and thereby realize the measurement of surface microindentations. During the operation, the rotational speed of the shaft is obtained by calculating the ratio of the angular difference between the relative depth of the rectangular pulses of the surface and the time interval. The experimental validation of the response is performed. The experimental results show that in the range of 0 rpm to 60 rpm, the indication error is <1 %, the nonlinearity error is <0.3584 %, and the repeatability error is <0.28 %. In the range of 0 rpm to 600 rpm, the rotational speed measurement method performed well with an indication error of <0.5 %, a maximum nonlinear error of 0.22 %, and a repeatability error of no >0.28 %. Compared with the results reported in existing literature, the proposed method offers advantages in terms of accuracy, linearity, and repeatability.
Keyword ：
FFT FFT Hanning window Hanning window Micro-indentation Micro-indentation Optical measurement Optical measurement Rotational speed measurement Rotational speed measurement
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| GB/T 7714 | Liang, Wei , Hong, Xiaodong , Huang, Dichang et al. Novel rotational speed measuring method based on micro-indentation-shaft detected by optical coherent system [J]. | OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING , 2025 , 184 . |
| MLA | Liang, Wei et al. "Novel rotational speed measuring method based on micro-indentation-shaft detected by optical coherent system" . | OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING 184 (2025) . |
| APA | Liang, Wei , Hong, Xiaodong , Huang, Dichang , Chen, Linnan , Zhong, Jianfeng , Zhang, Qiukun et al. Novel rotational speed measuring method based on micro-indentation-shaft detected by optical coherent system . | OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING , 2025 , 184 . |
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When using transmission methods to measure the morphology of cylindrical lenses, the refraction of light at the front and rear surfaces of cylindrical lenses often makes it difficult to determine the light path. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a phase deflection method based on transmission to measure the surface morphology of cylindrical lenses. This method involves calculating the displacement of points with the same phase before and after the cylindrical lens is placed in the light path, and then deriving the corresponding thickness of the cylindrical lens at these points from the displacement. The feasibility of this method has been verified through simulations. Experimental measurements of the cylindrical lens morphology were compared with the optical coherence tomography system, yielding a standard error of 5.4 mu m and a root mean square error of 6.2 mu m, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to existing methods, this approach significantly reduces the impact of refraction caused by the rear surface of the cylindrical lens after light transmission. Additionally, it eliminates the need for a camera lens, thereby removing the cumbersome step of camera calibration. Furthermore, interference fringes can be made very dense, enabling precise measurement of small lenses.
Keyword ：
fringe analysis fringe analysis phase deflection method phase deflection method phase shift phase shift
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Yulong , Zhong, Jianfeng , Feng, Bin et al. Morphology measurement of cylindrical lens based on the phase deflection method [J]. | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (3) . |
| MLA | Chen, Yulong et al. "Morphology measurement of cylindrical lens based on the phase deflection method" . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 36 . 3 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Yulong , Zhong, Jianfeng , Feng, Bin , Guo, Haoyang , Tu, Zengren , Zhong, Jianhua et al. Morphology measurement of cylindrical lens based on the phase deflection method . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (3) . |
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