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学者姓名：郑路
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通过物理试验研究了节理影响下的滚石碰撞破碎规律,并在室内碰撞试验的基础上,采用非连续变形分析(discontinuous deformation analysis,简称DDA)并行计算方法对滚石冲击-碰撞-破碎过程进行数值模拟.主要探讨节理和坡面的夹角β、节理的连通率k和滚石的冲击速度V对滚石破碎特征的影响.采用滚石表面积与初始滚石表面积之比η,作为定量描述滚石破碎程度的量值,η值越大,破碎程度越高.通过研究发现:(1)η随k的增大而增大;在较大速度冲击条件下时,k=0.75时的η值是k=0.25时的1.2倍;(2)k=0.25时,η随β的变化不大,当k=0.50和0.75时,η随β的增加而减小;(3)高速冲击下(6.8～7.4m/s)的η相对于低速条件(3.5～4.5 m/s)的η提升了 1.5倍;(4)随着滚石单节理连通率k从0增大到0.75,能量恢复系数呈现逐渐减小的趋势,其数值降低了 1.6～1.9倍;(5)随着撞击速度的增加,滚石的能量恢复系数随节理夹角β的增加而逐渐增大,最大可达1.6倍.(6)数值模拟与室内碰撞试验得到的破裂特征和破碎程度基本相同,单节理连通率和节理与坡面夹角的扩大影响了应力的传播,改变了试件破裂特征.(7)多节理滚石撞击破碎时,裂缝不沿节理设置轮廓延伸,不与远离岩石中心的节理相交.撞击后的碎片速度略低于撞击前的速度.本研究对揭示滚石原生节理影响下的碰撞破碎具有一定的参考意义.
Keyword ：
原生节理 原生节理 滚石灾害 滚石灾害 物理试验 物理试验 碰撞破碎 碰撞破碎 能量恢复系数 能量恢复系数
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| GB/T 7714 | 郑路 , 陈元睿 , 吴怡涵 et al. 节理影响下的滚石碰撞破碎规律研究 [J]. | 岩土力学 , 2025 , 46 (3) : 729-749 . |
| MLA | 郑路 et al. "节理影响下的滚石碰撞破碎规律研究" . | 岩土力学 46 . 3 (2025) : 729-749 . |
| APA | 郑路 , 陈元睿 , 吴怡涵 , 张学略 , 毕钰璋 . 节理影响下的滚石碰撞破碎规律研究 . | 岩土力学 , 2025 , 46 (3) , 729-749 . |
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Bridge pier failures from granular flow impacts are common. Installing defense piles upstream is an effective mitigation strategy, yet their protective mechanisms and standardized design guidelines are unclear. This study employed 3D discrete element method to analyze the influence of defense pile size and placement on its performance across 219 scenarios, providing a detailed examination of their protective mechanisms. Results show that optimizing these factors can reduce the maximum impact force on bridge piers by up to 94%. In terms of size, a critical height threshold is identified, beyond which increasing pile height does not enhance protection. This threshold depends on the movement height of granular particles at the slope base. Protection effectiveness varies with pile size: when H ≤ 0.05 h (H is the height of defense piles, h is the height of bridge), protection marginally improves with increasing height and diameter; for 0.05 h < H < 0.15 h, protection strongly correlates with both parameters; for H ≥ 0.15 h, diameter becomes the dominant factor. In terms of placement, an optimal longitudinal distance exists between the defense pile and the bridge pier. The larger the diameter, the greater the optimal longitudinal distance. However, the transverse distance is inversely related to protection effectiveness. Mechanistic analysis shows that defense piles are more effective at redirecting particles to prevent direct collisions with the pier (contributing 100% impact energy reduction before the non-dimensional travel time t* = 7.01 and 63% – 100% afterward) than at reducing particle velocity. This study provides insights into the protective mechanisms of defense piles and informs strategies for optimizing bridge pier protection in granular flow-prone regions. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Keyword ：
Bridge pier Bridge pier Defense pile Defense pile Discrete element method Discrete element method Granular flow Granular flow
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Y. , Zhu, Z. , Zheng, L. et al. Protective effect and mechanisms of defense pile on bridge pier impacted by granular flows [J]. | Journal of Mountain Science , 2025 , 22 (8) : 2960-2980 . |
| MLA | Wu, Y. et al. "Protective effect and mechanisms of defense pile on bridge pier impacted by granular flows" . | Journal of Mountain Science 22 . 8 (2025) : 2960-2980 . |
| APA | Wu, Y. , Zhu, Z. , Zheng, L. , Bi, Y. . Protective effect and mechanisms of defense pile on bridge pier impacted by granular flows . | Journal of Mountain Science , 2025 , 22 (8) , 2960-2980 . |
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Fragmentation is a common phenomenon in the runout process of large rockslides. Rocks have different strengths under the influence of the rock type and weathering degree, resulting in varying fragmentation characteristics. However, the limited understanding of how rock strength influences the postfragmentation kinematic characteristics of rockslides is limited. Taking a natural rockslide as an example, this paper quantitatively analyzes the runout and deposition of the rockslide using the discrete element method (DEM) and examines the impacts of the rock strength on the runout and deposition characteristics of the rockslide. The results reveal that (1) Rock strength significantly influences fragmentation and runout characteristics: medium-to-high strength rocks exhibit two-stage fragmentation (10-20 s and 55-65 s), while weak-strength rocks achieve 98% fragmentation within 20 s. Optimal kinetic energy conversion occurs in medium-strength rocks, with a maximum velocity difference of 39.3 m/s between the anterior and posterior edges. (2) The sudden change in the cross-sectional dimensions of high-strength rocks under a high spreading velocity (>60 m/s) may amplify air blast hazards. (3) Deposition patterns reveal that the spatial distribution of fragments preserves original positional order; high-strength rocks produce larger fragments (nominal fragment size increases from 0.028 of weak-strength rocks to 0.607); and centroid displacement increases from 1907 m to 2117 m with rock strength in open terrains. (4) Energy dissipation analysis shows that frictional dissipation (>60%) > collisional dissipation (~37%) >> fragmentation dissipation (<2%) in the process of rockslide runout. The rock strength induces <5% variation in partitioning of energy dissipation.
Keyword ：
Deposition Deposition Discrete element method (DEM) Discrete element method (DEM) Fragmentation Fragmentation Rockslide Rockslide Runout Runout
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhu, Zhiyuan , Wu, Yihan , Zheng, Lu et al. Contribution of rock strength to post-fragmentation spreading and deposition of rockslides [J]. | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE , 2025 , 22 (6) : 1944-1965 . |
| MLA | Zhu, Zhiyuan et al. "Contribution of rock strength to post-fragmentation spreading and deposition of rockslides" . | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE 22 . 6 (2025) : 1944-1965 . |
| APA | Zhu, Zhiyuan , Wu, Yihan , Zheng, Lu , Zhao, Siyuan , Bi, Yuzhang . Contribution of rock strength to post-fragmentation spreading and deposition of rockslides . | JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE , 2025 , 22 (6) , 1944-1965 . |
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Maintaining the alignment of the shield tunneling axis with the designed tunnel axis is crucial in urban subway construction. However, previous studies have only verified the accuracy of the models in a specific project, ignoring model transferability. This paper proposes a multistep transferable prediction method (PCA-GRU) for shield attitude and employs feature importance analysis of the PCA-GRU model through feature dimensionality reduction experiments. Datasets obtained from the Guangzhou and Fuzhou Metro Line X Projects were used to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results revealed that PCA can unify the model input, enabling the model to be applied to different projects, and the proposed model could produce an accurate prediction within 24 steps, with an average R2 of 0.94 and 0.97 in the Guangzhou and Fuzhou projects. This indicates that the proposed model possesses transferability and generalization ability, which can aid decision-making during urban subway construction.
Keyword ：
deep learning deep learning multistep prediction multistep prediction PCA-GRU PCA-GRU shield attitude shield attitude shield tunneling shield tunneling transferable prediction transferable prediction
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Jian , Ding, Xiaobin , Deng, Tao et al. Multistep transferable prediction of shield attitude and position in shield tunneling based on PCA and deep learning method [J]. | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (3) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Jian et al. "Multistep transferable prediction of shield attitude and position in shield tunneling based on PCA and deep learning method" . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 36 . 3 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Jian , Ding, Xiaobin , Deng, Tao , Zheng, Lu , Chen, Guangqi . Multistep transferable prediction of shield attitude and position in shield tunneling based on PCA and deep learning method . | MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 36 (3) . |
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The lateral displacement of deep soft soil caused by large-area heap loading is a common issue in engineering practice, which affects the stability of neighboring pile foundations. This study investigates the calculation of thrust force exerted by the flow of soft soil around piles and its impact on pile foundations. The surrounding soft soil is considered a Bingham fluid. An analytical formula for single pile flow drag during the internal slip of deep soft soil is derived based on fluid mechanics theory and the fluid characteristics of the Bingham fluid. The traditional cantilever pile approach is modified by assuming a rectangular distribution of flow drag along the pile body and using the matrix transfer method. The response of a single pile body under field heap loading conditions is then analyzed, and the results are compared with the calculation results of the traditional soil pressure method and field-measured data to validate the proposed calculation method for flow drag around a pile in soft soil. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to analyze the effects of the relative flow velocity and dynamic viscous coefficient of soft soil on flow drag.
Keyword ：
Bingham fluid Bingham fluid Flow drag Flow drag Large-area heap loading Large-area heap loading Pile Pile Soft soil Soft soil
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Min , Zheng, Jiayong , Liu, Qijian et al. Calculation method of flow drag around a pile in soft soil considering Bingham fluid properties and analysis of single pile response [J]. | OCEAN ENGINEERING , 2025 , 317 . |
| MLA | Wu, Min et al. "Calculation method of flow drag around a pile in soft soil considering Bingham fluid properties and analysis of single pile response" . | OCEAN ENGINEERING 317 (2025) . |
| APA | Wu, Min , Zheng, Jiayong , Liu, Qijian , Zheng, Lu , Deng, Tao . Calculation method of flow drag around a pile in soft soil considering Bingham fluid properties and analysis of single pile response . | OCEAN ENGINEERING , 2025 , 317 . |
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Evidence of rockslide-induced air blasts has been documented in numerous investigation records, showing similar terrain features. Terrains and rock structures combine to influence rock runout, yet their effects on the generation and propagation of air blasts remain poorly understood. We proposed a generalized model to account for the influence of rock structure and terrain. The generation and propagation of air blasts under different conditions are quantitatively analyzed using the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that (1) The precondition for inducing air blasts is that rockslides maintain high runout speed with large front-cross sections, impacting mountains and causing significant fragmentations. (2) Representing the source rock mass as unbonded particles underestimates the influence range of air blasts; Structural planes parallel to the sliding surface enhance rockslide spreading and facilitate the further propagation of air blasts. (3) Steep slopes and scarps significantly increase the energy released during rock impact, leading to a peak air blast pressure increase of 603.3% and 79.8%, respectively, compared to gentle slopes. Winding and narrow valley terrain restricts the escape of air, making it easier for high-speed air blasts to form.
Keyword ：
CFD-DEM CFD-DEM Rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast Rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast Rock structure Rock structure Terrain Terrain
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhu, Zhiyuan , Wu, Yihan , Bi, Yuzhang et al. Contributions of rock structure and terrain to rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast: insights from 3D CFD-DEM analyses [J]. | BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 84 (6) . |
| MLA | Zhu, Zhiyuan et al. "Contributions of rock structure and terrain to rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast: insights from 3D CFD-DEM analyses" . | BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 84 . 6 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhu, Zhiyuan , Wu, Yihan , Bi, Yuzhang , Zheng, Lu . Contributions of rock structure and terrain to rockslide/rockfall-induced air blast: insights from 3D CFD-DEM analyses . | BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT , 2025 , 84 (6) . |
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The moisture content and damage conditions significantly influenced the mechanical properties of hard rock, which are closely associated with rockburst tendency. However, there was limited prior knowledge of this issue due to the scarcity of physical experiments. In this study, a true triaxial experiment with a free face was conducted on granite specimens to investigate the influence of the initial damage and moisture content on rockburst control, utilizing AE monitoring, rock NMR imaging, and photography techniques. Experimental results showed that with the increase of the initial damage factor k and moisture content ω, the rock strength and AE activity decreased. The static crack extension concentrated around the initial damage zone, and the dynamic ejection decreased, leading to an increase in the fracture surface fracture index. When k and ω increased to a certain extent, the tensile mechanism was significantly reduced, and then the rockburst was efficiently prevented. The failure mechanism lay the initial damage zone weakened the strength of the granite matrix, inducing the FPZ nucleation and crack extension. Furthermore, the rockburst envelope of the granite was altered, with the reduced envelope area indicating a decrease in stored energy, resulting in the granite having insufficient energy to trigger a rockburst upon failure. In addition, due to the 'water wedge' effect, the moisture content further enhanced the weakening effect of the initial damage factor on rockburst tendency. © 2025
Keyword ：
Brittle fracture Brittle fracture Cracks Cracks Ductile fracture Ductile fracture Fracture mechanics Fracture mechanics Moisture control Moisture control Tensile strength Tensile strength Triangulation Triangulation
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Bing-Lei , Jiang, Jia-Yao , Zhang, Jian-Zhi et al. Influences of initial damage on the saturated granite failure characteristics under true triaxial stress with a free face: Insights into the rockburst prevention and control [J]. | Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 2025 , 324 . |
| MLA | Li, Bing-Lei et al. "Influences of initial damage on the saturated granite failure characteristics under true triaxial stress with a free face: Insights into the rockburst prevention and control" . | Engineering Fracture Mechanics 324 (2025) . |
| APA | Li, Bing-Lei , Jiang, Jia-Yao , Zhang, Jian-Zhi , Zheng, Lu , Long, Yi . Influences of initial damage on the saturated granite failure characteristics under true triaxial stress with a free face: Insights into the rockburst prevention and control . | Engineering Fracture Mechanics , 2025 , 324 . |
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Accurate and efficient contact detection between polygons or polyhedra is a critical challenge in discontinuous numerical methods. The contact theory offers a rigorous framework for addressing contact problems. However, its broader practical application is limited by high computational costs. This inefficiency arises from the calculation of the entrance block for all vertex-edge pairs, many of which ultimately do not contribute to contact detection. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel contact detection algorithm based on the local entrance block (LEB) method. The proposed LEB method constructs entrance blocks from only partial geometric elements identified by the multi-cover neighbor search (MNS) method, which automatically filters potential contact geometries in the rough search phase. By focusing on local geometry, the LEB method substantially reduces unnecessary computations without compromising detection accuracy. This algorithm was implemented in the 2D DDA and validated through five rock engineering simulation cases. Results demonstrate that the LEB method accelerates contact detection while maintaining the robustness and precision of contact theory. These findings highlight the potential of contact theory for large-scale and complex discontinuous simulations.
Keyword ：
Computational cost Computational cost Contact detection Contact detection Contact theory Contact theory Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) Multi-cover neighbor search Multi-cover neighbor search
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Wei , Jiang, Feng , Wang, Xi et al. An Efficient Contact Detection Method Utilizing the Local Entrance Block Based on Contact Theory [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 , 58 (9) : 10479-10496 . |
| MLA | Wu, Wei et al. "An Efficient Contact Detection Method Utilizing the Local Entrance Block Based on Contact Theory" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 58 . 9 (2025) : 10479-10496 . |
| APA | Wu, Wei , Jiang, Feng , Wang, Xi , Zheng, Lu , Bai, Mao , Zhu, Hehua et al. An Efficient Contact Detection Method Utilizing the Local Entrance Block Based on Contact Theory . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2025 , 58 (9) , 10479-10496 . |
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Due to the nonlinear nature of contacts, the real contact information is indeterminate and there is no analytical solution for discontinuous computation. In the context of two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (2D DDA) for arbitrary polygon block systems, the contact indeterminacy arises from at least two aspects, namely kinematics and geometry. This study provides a specific numerical solution for 2D DDA to address the indeterminacy problem of contacts between arbitrary polygon blocks. First, local contact boundary is established by defining the solid angle of 2D blocks and the entrance solid angle between two 2D solid angles of two blocks. Second, the linearized first entrance formulas are derived to estimate the first entrance time and position. Third, an enhanced shortest exit strategy based on entrance angles is introduced to provide a unified solution of the contact points and direction of closed contacts. Some extreme and challenging examples, including oblique collision contacts, undue penetration contacts, genuine vertex-vertex contacts (including absolutely symmetric contacts), extremely abnormal block contacts (i.e., contacts between extremely short edges and/or sharp angles), multi-connected block contacts and numerous singular contacts, demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and application prospects of the proposed method in addressing difficult contact problems.
Keyword ：
contact indeterminacy contact indeterminacy DDA DDA entrance angle theory entrance angle theory first entrance law first entrance law shortest exit principle shortest exit principle
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Hong , Zhu, Hua-Rui , Li, Xi-Long et al. Angle-Based Discontinuous Deformation Analysis [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS , 2025 , 22 (07) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Hong et al. "Angle-Based Discontinuous Deformation Analysis" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS 22 . 07 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Hong , Zhu, Hua-Rui , Li, Xi-Long , Wu, Wei , Zheng, Lu . Angle-Based Discontinuous Deformation Analysis . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS , 2025 , 22 (07) . |
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True triaxial experiment with a synchronous acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system is a popular measure for the assessment of strength and cracking behaviors of brittle flawed rocks under anisotropic stress circumstances. This measure is employed to invest the dependency of the strength and fracturing characteristics of flawed sandstone under true triaxial stress on the flaw orientation. Observations first quantitatively reveal the three types of failure mechanisms including structure-control, stress-structure collaborative control and stress-control, dependent on the flaw orientation with respect to the 3D (three-dimensional) stress. Second, the elastoplastic strain increment ratio (EPSIR) method is creatively introduced to identify the stress thresholds in flawed sandstone under true triaxial stress. Third, a significant increase in the true triaxial strength of flawed sandstone among the tested flaw configurations is correlated with the intensification of the shear mechanism. The 3D stress-driven progressive failure of flawed sandstone is also investigated experimentally, as well as the AE (acoustic emission) characteristics and the strength prediction. Current experiments provide insights into the brittle failure mechanisms of flawed rocks and help interpret the excavation instability in deep underground engineering.
Keyword ：
Brittle rock failure Brittle rock failure Cracking level Cracking level Failure pattern Failure pattern Flawed sandstone Flawed sandstone Flaw orientation Flaw orientation True triaxial compression True triaxial compression
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Hai-Tao , Zhang, Jian-Zhi , Zheng, Lu et al. Investigations of strength and fracturing characteristics of flawed sandstone by true triaxial compression: Sensitivity to the flaw orientation [J]. | ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS , 2025 , 317 . |
| MLA | Wang, Hai-Tao et al. "Investigations of strength and fracturing characteristics of flawed sandstone by true triaxial compression: Sensitivity to the flaw orientation" . | ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS 317 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Hai-Tao , Zhang, Jian-Zhi , Zheng, Lu , Zhan, Ru-Fang , Yu, Jin , Zhang, Ting . Investigations of strength and fracturing characteristics of flawed sandstone by true triaxial compression: Sensitivity to the flaw orientation . | ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS , 2025 , 317 . |
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