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学者姓名：王德辉
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Abstract ：
In recent years, research into the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) has emerged as a prominent area of investigation, and the alkali silica reaction (ASR) of SWSSC is an urgent issue to be solved. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of K/Na on the ASR of SWSSC. In order to fill this gap, the effects of different K/Na on ASR products, pore structure, pH and alkali ion content, and expansion of SWSSC were measured. The findings demonstrated that the composition of the amorphous product ASR-P1 (K0.52Ca1.16Si4O8(OH)2.84-1.5H2O) of SWSSC exhibited an inverse relationship with K/Na, whereas the crystalline product K-shlykovite (NaCaSi4O8(OH)3-2.3H2O) displayed a direct correlation with K/Na. The increase of K+ concentration leads to the decrease of silica dissolution, which is the main reason for the lowest ASR degree in the high K/Na group. The transformation of ASR-P1 to K-shlykovite also resulted in different main ASR products in different K/Na groups. The experimental data show that increasing the K/Na from 0.85 to 1.85 reduced the 14d expansion from 0.248 to 0.22% and 28d ASR expansion from 0.415 to 0.350%. Notably, the most significant suppression occurred in the high K/Na group, which exhibited the lowest expansion values at all ages. The findings of this study provide a foundation for the theoretical application of SWSSC in the field of ocean engineering. These results suggest that adjusting K/Na ratios could serve as a viable strategy to mitigate ASR induced damage in marine concrete structures. For such structures, this implies that material selection should prioritize potassium-rich binders, such as blended cements or SCMs like potassium feldspar, to naturally elevate the K/Na ratio. In mix design, controlled additions of KOH during mixing can adjust the alkali balance, while leveraging seawater with inherently higher K/Na ratios or supplementing seawater with potassium salts can help achieve the target K/Na ratio. The findings of this study provide a foundation for the theoretical application of SWSSC in the field of ocean engineering to enhance long-term durability in ocean engineering applications.
Keyword ：
Alkali silica reaction Alkali silica reaction ASR-P1 ASR-P1 Expansion Expansion K-shlykovite K-shlykovite Seawater and sea sand concrete Seawater and sea sand concrete
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Qizhi , Gong, Qingnan , Chen, Rong et al. Effect of K/Na on the alkali silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete [J]. | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 58 (4) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Qizhi et al. "Effect of K/Na on the alkali silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete" . | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 58 . 4 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Qizhi , Gong, Qingnan , Chen, Rong , Wang, Ming , Chen, Ran , Weng, Lincheng et al. Effect of K/Na on the alkali silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete . | MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES , 2025 , 58 (4) . |
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The compressive strength data of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in X (Print direction), Y (Adjacent stripes), and Z (Stacked stripes) were collected and analyzed to evaluate its anisotropic behavior and statistical parameters. Similar to conventional cast concrete, there is a linear relationship between the compressive strength of 3DPC and the binder-to-water ratio (B/W). For the normalized strength data, the average ratios of X/C, Y/C, and Z/C at 28 days are 0.87, 0.80, and 0.82 respectively, indicating a decrease in the compressive strength and anisotropy compared to cast concrete. Compared to the coefficient of variation (COV) of cast specimens mentioned in the specifications, there is an increase of 4.3–69 %. The weak interfaces and unique pore shapes in 3DPC interact to cause stress concentration and redistribution of internal stresses, resulting in decreased compressive strength, anisotropy, and variability. This investigation can provide material parameters for studying the structural performance of 3DPC components. © 2024
Keyword ：
3D printing 3D printing Anisotropy Anisotropy Compressive strength Compressive strength
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian et al. Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete [J]. | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 440 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete" . | Construction and Building Materials 440 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian , Wang, Dehui , Luo, Surong . Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete . | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 440 . |
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The application of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) is beneficial for marine engineering, but the impact of aggregate gradation on its alkali-silica reaction (ASR) remains poorly understood. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing ASR products, pore characteristics and expansion rate of specimens. The test results reveal that ordinary concrete (OC) exhibits an inhibitory effect on ASR in comparison with to SWSSC. The 14-day expansion of ordinary concrete and SWSSC with the same aggregate gradation are 0.130 % and 0.212 %, showing potential and high risk of ASR, respectively. Moreover, particle size and gradation of aggregate are the key factors influencing the ASR degree of SWSSC. Compared with coarser aggregate, specimens with finer aggregate consume more K+ and Ca2+ ions, generate more ASR-P1, form less porosity, and produce a larger expansion. Additionally, specimens with gap-graded aggregates, as opposed to those with uniform or continuous gradation, show greater consumption of K+ and Ca2+ ions, increased ASR-P1 formation, more harmful pore formation, and a larger expansion. These results offer insights into optimizing aggregate gradation to reduce ASR in SWSSC and improve its durability. © 2024
Keyword ：
Concrete aggregates Concrete aggregates Expansion Expansion Particle size Particle size Seawater corrosion Seawater corrosion Silica Silica
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete [J]. | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 427 . |
| MLA | Wu, Wenda et al. "Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete" . | Construction and Building Materials 427 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan , Yao, Hongyu , Zhang, Kaijian , Yang, Hongfei et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete . | Construction and Building Materials , 2024 , 427 . |
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The shortages of river sand and freshwater in marine engineering can be addressed by utilizing seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC). However, the sulfate resistance of SWSSC at low temperature is not clear. In this study, the seawater and sea sand cement mortar (SSCM) and ordinary cement mortar (OCM) with different limestone powder (LP) content were corroded by different sulfate solutions at 5 degrees C. The change of compressive strength and compositions of corrosion products in mortars after different times of corrosion were studied. The results show that SSCM presents 9.4 similar to 19 % lower strength loss and better sulfate resistance than OCM. The presence of Friedel's salt in SSCM contributes to a reduction in corrosion products like ettringite, gypsum, and thaumasite, thereby minimizing microstructural damage and mitigating the thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA). All mortars containing LP suffer from TSA and significantly damage with 17.4 similar to 48.7 % strength loss after 360 days of MgSO4 or Na2SO4 corrosion. Increasing the LP content exacerbates the TSA damage in SSCM. This is primarily due to the additional soluble carbonate from LP promoting the formation of gypsum and thaumasite, thereby worsening the microstructure deterioration of SSCM. Meanwhile, the thaumasite is not found in SSCM without LP after corrosion. In contrast to Na2SO4 corrosion, the thaumasite formation under MgSO4 corrosion mainly results from indirect reaction. The combined corrosion effects of Mg2+ and SO42- lead to a more significant increase in expansive products (thaumasite and gypsum) and TSA damage. The findings of this study help to advance the sulfate resistance of SWSSC in marine environments.
Keyword ：
Limestone powder Limestone powder Low temperature Low temperature Seawater and sea sand concrete Seawater and sea sand concrete Thaumasite sulfate attack Thaumasite sulfate attack
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Dehui , Zhang, Zhiwen , Chen, Rong et al. Thaumasite sulfate attack characteristic of seawater and sea sand concrete with limestone powder in different sulfate environment at low temperature [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 437 . |
| MLA | Wang, Dehui et al. "Thaumasite sulfate attack characteristic of seawater and sea sand concrete with limestone powder in different sulfate environment at low temperature" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 437 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Dehui , Zhang, Zhiwen , Chen, Rong , Wang, Ming , Chen, Ran , Weng, Lincheng et al. Thaumasite sulfate attack characteristic of seawater and sea sand concrete with limestone powder in different sulfate environment at low temperature . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 437 . |
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In order to clarify the optimal liquid-solid ratio (L / S) values for the activation of metakaolin at different concentrations of phosphoric acid solution, five sets of phosphoric acid solution of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mol·L - 1 were set up, and four L / S values of 0. 6, 0. 7, 0. 8 and 0. 9 were used for preparation of metakaolin-phosphoric acid based geopolymer (MPAG) . The 7 and 28 d compressive and flexural strengths of MPAG were used as the evaluation indexes to investigate the effects of above preset variables on its mechanical properties. The compressive strength of samples corresponding to the optimal L / S value concentration of each group after sulfate erosion were further investigated. Finally, the phase composition and microscopic morphology of MPAG were characterized and analyzed. The results show that MPAG is mainly composed of an amorphous aluminum phosphate phase. Greater compressive strength can be obtained by using L / S value of 0. 6 when the concentration of phosphoric acid solution is 4 ~ 6 mol·L - 1 , and when the concentration increase to 7 ~ 8 mol·L - 1 , the recommended of L / S value is 0. 7. MPAG exhibits good sulfate resistance, with a compressive strength retention rate of 84% to 93% after 28 d immersion. The samples prepared with 6 mol·L - 1 phosphoric acid under any L / S value achieved the maximum flexural strength for that L / S value. The 28 d maximum flexural strength is 6. 80 MPa when L / S value is 0. 6. The results of this study can provide references for the preparation and application of MPAG. © 2024 Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
geopolymer geopolymer mechanical property mechanical property metakaolin metakaolin microscopic characterization microscopic characterization phosphoric acid activation phosphoric acid activation sulfate erosion sulfate erosion
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| GB/T 7714 | Duan, L. , Luo, A. , Chen, Y. et al. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Metakaolin-Phosphoric Acid Based Geopolymer; [偏高岭土-磷酸基地聚物的力学性能及微观结构分析] [J]. | Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society , 2024 , 43 (10) : 3694-6703 . |
| MLA | Duan, L. et al. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Metakaolin-Phosphoric Acid Based Geopolymer; [偏高岭土-磷酸基地聚物的力学性能及微观结构分析]" . | Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society 43 . 10 (2024) : 3694-6703 . |
| APA | Duan, L. , Luo, A. , Chen, Y. , Wang, D. , Luo, Z. . Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Metakaolin-Phosphoric Acid Based Geopolymer; [偏高岭土-磷酸基地聚物的力学性能及微观结构分析] . | Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society , 2024 , 43 (10) , 3694-6703 . |
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To investigate the impact of limestone powder on the chloride ion concentration coefficient of cement pastes, various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mercury-porosimetry (MIP) were employed in this paper. The findings demonstrate that the creation of Friedel's salt is inversely associated with the addition of limestone powder, that is, Friedel's salt production is lessened by adding more limestone powder, however, the coefficient of chloride ion concentration initially decreased and then increased again, as does the porosity, and most likely the pore size as well. The specific surface area of limestone powder has increased, and the content of Friedel's salt increased first and then decreased. However, the shifting trend of Friedel's salt and chloride ion concentration coefficient is in direct opposition, and the pore structure was therefore significantly enhanced. The results of this study offer robust theoretical backing for the inclusion of limestone powder in concrete and provide a positive assessment of its potential applications.
Keyword ：
chloride ion concentration coefficient chloride ion concentration coefficient content content friedel's salt friedel's salt limestone powder limestone powder specific surface area specific surface area
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Huang, Zeping , Jia, Xuxiu et al. Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder [J]. | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION , 2024 , 39 (6) : 1474-1483 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder" . | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION 39 . 6 (2024) : 1474-1483 . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Huang, Zeping , Jia, Xuxiu , Wang, Dehui . Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder . | JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION , 2024 , 39 (6) , 1474-1483 . |
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China is a major agricultural country that produces a large amount of corn straw every year, and there is an urgent need to improve its comprehensive utilization rate. The residue of corn straw incineration has potential volcanic ash activity and is expected to improve the performance of concrete. However, corn straw ash contains certain impurities, which are not conducive to the relevant performance of concrete and require modification treatment. In order to reduce the influence of impurities, corn straw ash was subjected to citric acid soaking treatment, and the action mechanism of original corn straw ash (OCSA) and acid-soaked corn straw ash (ACSA) in cement-based materials was compared and analyzed. The results show that the use of citric acid modification technology can effectively reduce impurities in corn straw ash and improve the strength of cement-based materials. As the content of corn straw ash increases, the peak area of hydrated calcium silicate in matrix of sample first increases and then decreases, while the Ca/Si ratio of hydrated calcium silicate at the interfacial transition zone first decreases and then increases. At the same time, the porosity of samples continues to increase, and the compressive strength first increases and then decreases. When the content of corn straw ash is 15wt%, the compressive strength of samples reaches its maximum. Compared with samples with OCSA, samples with ACSA have a higher peak area of hydrated calcium silicate in the matrix, and the Ca/Si ratio of hydrated calcium silicate at interfacial transition zone reduces by 15.25%-26.72%. In addition, the most probable pore diameter of samples is finer, and the compressive strength increases by 2.53%-12.86%. This research can reduce the adverse effects of impurities in corn straw ash on the relative properties of concrete, and provides a theoretical basis for the application of corn straw ash in concrete. © 2024 Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA). All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
agricultural waste treatment agricultural waste treatment citric acid citric acid compressive strength compressive strength corn straw ash corn straw ash microstructure microstructure
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| GB/T 7714 | Fan, W. , Liu, G. , Chen, L. et al. Effects if corn straw ash citric acid modification treatment on the main physicochemical properties of cement-based materials; [玉米秸秆灰柠檬酸改性处理对水泥基材料主要理化性能的影响] [J]. | Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica , 2024 , 41 (12) : 6671-6683 . |
| MLA | Fan, W. et al. "Effects if corn straw ash citric acid modification treatment on the main physicochemical properties of cement-based materials; [玉米秸秆灰柠檬酸改性处理对水泥基材料主要理化性能的影响]" . | Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 41 . 12 (2024) : 6671-6683 . |
| APA | Fan, W. , Liu, G. , Chen, L. , Wang, D. . Effects if corn straw ash citric acid modification treatment on the main physicochemical properties of cement-based materials; [玉米秸秆灰柠檬酸改性处理对水泥基材料主要理化性能的影响] . | Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica , 2024 , 41 (12) , 6671-6683 . |
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Economic and environmentally friendly polypropylene (PP) fibre and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre were found to be beneficial to the strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC), but the effects in the fracture properties of the RCAC has been overlooked. This study added PP fibre and PVA fibre to enhance the ability of the RCAC to resist crack instability expansion. The three-point bending tests were performed to compare the fracture properties of the RCAC with fibres and without fibre. The reinforcement mechanism of fibres was analyzed by the single-fibre pullout tests and scanning electron microscopy tests. The experimental results indicated that fibres could not effectively increase the compressive strength of RCAC but the splitting tensile strength of RCAC was significantly improved with the increase of the volume fraction of fibres and the optimal volume fraction of fibre was 1.5% PP fibre. The PP fibre and PVA fibre both effectively improved the fracture properties of RCAC but acted in the post-cracking stage and the linear loading stage, respectively. As a concrete manifestation of the PP fibre was more effective in increasing the peak load, unstable toughness, and fracture energy of RCAC than the PVA fibre while the PVA fibre was more effective in increasing the initial cracking load and the initial toughness. The 1.0% PP fibre had the best effect on the fracture properties, which increased peak load, unstable toughness, and fracture energy by 47.2%, 42.3%, and 5500%, respectively. The 0.2% PVA has the best effect on the fracture properties of RCAC at the stage before the cracks developed which increased initial cracking load and initial toughness by 25.2% and 43.7%, respectively. In addition, the development of cracks of RCAC with PP fibre was more tortuous than that of RCAC with PVA fibre. A reinforcement mechanism analysis showed that there were obvious diamond-shaped depressions on the surface of PP fibre which provided mechanical interlock to enhance the RCAC. The hydrogen bonds of PVA fibre also enhanced the RCAC through the hydration products attached to the surface of the PVA but it is weaker than diamond-shaped depressions. These results provided theoretical and experimental support for the research gap of PP fibre and PVA fibre in RCAC.
Keyword ：
Crack propagation Crack propagation Fracture energy Fracture energy Fracture toughness Fracture toughness Mechanism analysis Mechanism analysis Polypropylene fibre Polypropylene fibre Polyvinyl alcohol fibre Polyvinyl alcohol fibre Recycled coarse aggregate concrete Recycled coarse aggregate concrete
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| GB/T 7714 | Lin, Qian , Luo, Surong , Lin, Kaida et al. Effects of synthetic fibres on the fracture behaviours of recycled coarse aggregate concrete [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 418 . |
| MLA | Lin, Qian et al. "Effects of synthetic fibres on the fracture behaviours of recycled coarse aggregate concrete" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 418 (2024) . |
| APA | Lin, Qian , Luo, Surong , Lin, Kaida , Wang, Dehui . Effects of synthetic fibres on the fracture behaviours of recycled coarse aggregate concrete . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 418 . |
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The compressive strength data of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) in X (Print direction), Y (Adjacent stripes), and Z (Stacked stripes) were collected and analyzed to evaluate its anisotropic behavior and statistical parameters. Similar to conventional cast concrete, there is a linear relationship between the compressive strength of 3DPC and the binder-to-water ratio (B/W). For the normalized strength data, the average ratios of X/C, Y/C, and Z/C at 28 days are 0.87, 0.80, and 0.82 respectively, indicating a decrease in the compressive strength and anisotropy compared to cast concrete. Compared to the coefficient of variation (COV) of cast specimens mentioned in the specifications, there is an increase of 4.3-69 %. The weak interfaces and unique pore shapes in 3DPC interact to cause stress concentration and redistribution of internal stresses, resulting in decreased compressive strength, anisotropy, and variability. This investigation can provide material parameters for studying the structural performance of 3DPC components.
Keyword ：
3DPC 3DPC Anisotropy Anisotropy Distribution of compressive strength Distribution of compressive strength Microstructures Microstructures Variability Variability
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian et al. Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 440 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Kaijian et al. "Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 440 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Kaijian , Lin, Wenqiang , Zhang, Qingtian , Wang, Dehui , Luo, Surong . Evaluation of anisotropy and statistical parameters of compressive strength for 3D printed concrete . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 440 . |
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Abstract ：
The application of seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) is beneficial for marine engineering, but the impact of aggregate gradation on its alkali-silica reaction (ASR) remains poorly understood. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing ASR products, pore characteristics and expansion rate of specimens. The test results reveal that ordinary concrete (OC) exhibits an inhibitory effect on ASR in comparison with to SWSSC. The 14-day expansion of ordinary concrete and SWSSC with the same aggregate gradation are 0.130 % and 0.212 %, showing potential and high risk of ASR, respectively. Moreover, particle size and gradation of aggregate are the key factors influencing the ASR degree of SWSSC. Compared with coarser aggregate, specimens with finer aggregate consume more K+ and Ca2+ ions, generate more ASR-P1, form less porosity, and produce a larger expansion. Additionally, specimens with gap-graded aggregates, as opposed to those with uniform or continuous gradation, show greater consumption of K+ and Ca2+ ions, increased ASR-P1 formation, more harmful pore formation, and a larger expansion. These results offer insights into optimizing aggregate gradation to reduce ASR in SWSSC and improve its durability.
Keyword ：
Aggregate gradation Aggregate gradation Alkali-silica reaction Alkali-silica reaction ASR-P1 ASR-P1 Na-shlykovite Na-shlykovite Seawater and sea sand concrete Seawater and sea sand concrete
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 427 . |
| MLA | Wu, Wenda et al. "Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 427 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Wenda , Kang, Sixiang , Gong, Qingnan , Yao, Hongyu , Zhang, Kaijian , Yang, Hongfei et al. Influences of aggregate gradation on alkali-silica reaction of seawater and sea sand concrete . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2024 , 427 . |
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