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Abstract ：
Designing efficient adsorbents for the deep removal of refractory dibenzothiophene (DBT) from fuel oil is vital for addressing environmental issues such as acid rain. Herein, zinc gluconate and urea-derived porous carbons SF-ZnNC-T (T represents the carbonization temperature) were synthesized without solvents. Through a temperature-controlled process of 'melting the zinc gluconate and urea mixture, forming H-bonded polymers, and carbonizing the polymers,' the optimal carbon, SF-ZnNC-900, was obtained with a large surface area (2280 m2 g−1), highly dispersed Zn sites, and hierarchical pore structures. Consequently, SF-ZnNC-900 demonstrated significantly higher DBT adsorption capacity of 43.2 mg S g−1, compared to just 4.3 mg S g−1 for the precursor. It also demonstrated good reusability, fast adsorption rate, and the ability for ultra-deep desulfurization. The superior DBT adsorption performance resulted from the evaporation of residual zinc species, which generated abundant mesopores that facilitated DBT transformation, as well as the formation of Zn-Nx sites that strengthened the host-guest interaction (ΔE = −1.466 eV). The solvent-free synthesized highly dispersed Zn-doped carbon shows great potential for producing sulfur-free fuel oil and for designing metal-loaded carbon adsorbents. © 2024 Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keyword ：
Carbonization Carbonization Desulfurization Desulfurization Elastomers Elastomers Fuel oils Fuel oils Mesopores Mesopores
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Ping , Sun, Zhenhua , Ke, Xinrong et al. Solvent-free synthesis of highly dispersed zinc-doped porous carbons as efficient dibenzothiophene adsorbents [J]. | Green Energy and Environment , 2025 , 10 (5) : 994-1001 . |
| MLA | Lu, Ping et al. "Solvent-free synthesis of highly dispersed zinc-doped porous carbons as efficient dibenzothiophene adsorbents" . | Green Energy and Environment 10 . 5 (2025) : 994-1001 . |
| APA | Lu, Ping , Sun, Zhenhua , Ke, Xinrong , Ye, Changshen , Huang, Zhixian , Qiu, Ting . Solvent-free synthesis of highly dispersed zinc-doped porous carbons as efficient dibenzothiophene adsorbents . | Green Energy and Environment , 2025 , 10 (5) , 994-1001 . |
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Conjugated micro-mesoporous poly(aniline)s (CMPAs) synthesized through Buchwald-Hartwig coupling represent a cutting-edge material platform for selective sequestration of Hg (II) but suffer from moderate porosities and constrained availability of adsorption sites. Herein, we show a salt strategy for fine-tuning the porosity and Hg (II) adsorption performance of a series of S, N dual heteroatom functionalized CMPAs (CMPA-SN). The salt of NaF with appropriate dosage results in strikingly improved surface areas from 26 to 735 m2/g and intensified Hg (II) adsorption capacity from 311 mg/g to 649 mg/g. Moreover, CMPA-SN exhibits an efficient adsorption rate (h = 1250 mg/g/min) and excellent affinity with high Kd as high as 1.24 x 106 mL/g. We successfully correlate the adsorption capacity and surface area, and reveal the synergistic electron-sharing mechanism from N-containing ligands and in-situ decorated S heteroatoms, with 67.6 %/32.4 % contributions and Delta Eads = -0.419 eV/Delta Eads = -0.487 eV adsorption energy.
Keyword ：
Hansen solubility parameter Hansen solubility parameter Hg (II) adsorption Hg (II) adsorption Polymer Polymer Salt Salt Surface area Surface area
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jie , Zeng, Wen , Huang, Huiyao et al. Tunable porosity and Hg (II) adsorption performance in dual heteroatom functionalized conjugated micro-mesoporous poly(aniline)s [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 363 . |
| MLA | Chen, Jie et al. "Tunable porosity and Hg (II) adsorption performance in dual heteroatom functionalized conjugated micro-mesoporous poly(aniline)s" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 363 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Jie , Zeng, Wen , Huang, Huiyao , Lou, Xiaoyu , Chen, Song , Ye, Changshen et al. Tunable porosity and Hg (II) adsorption performance in dual heteroatom functionalized conjugated micro-mesoporous poly(aniline)s . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 363 . |
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The semiconductor industry's rapid evolution necessitates ultra-high-purity N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as an essential electronic-grade solvent. The development of an efficient coordination material to reduce trace metal ions, particularly Na and K metal ions, to below 1 ppb in NMP solution is a significant challenge. To address this, a novel coordination material, St-DVB-g-ACE, has been developed for the removal of Na and K metal ions from NMP. The material was synthesized by grafting 4 '-aminobenzo-15-crown-5-ether onto a strong acid gel resin. The resulting St-DVB-g-ACE-3 exhibited excellent coordination performance for Na and K metal ions, with maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities reaching 20,000 mu g/g and 33,333 mu g/g, respectively. Of particular interest was the ability of St-DVB-g-ACE-3 to reduce all trace metal ions in industrial-grade NMP to below 1 ppb within a fixed bed column, achieving the stringent requirements for electronic-grade NMP at the G3 level. Additionally, the absorbent enhances the purity of NMP from 99.82 % to 99.84 %, indicating that the material is not dissolved and can exist stably in NMP. Its excellent recyclability and reproducibility make it highly practical for industrial use. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation, complemented by spectral analyses, revealed the interaction force and thermodynamic properties between Na and K metal ions and crown ether ring, and illustrated the interaction between anionic sulfonic group (- SO3- ) and metal ions. The prepared resin-grafted crown ether adsorbents are highly effective in the thorough removal of trace metal ions from NMP solution, offering a novel and effective method for the production of electronic-grade NMP.
Keyword ：
4 ' -Aminobenzo-15-crown-5-ether 4 ' -Aminobenzo-15-crown-5-ether Electronic-grade NMP Electronic-grade NMP Removal of trace Na and K metal ions Removal of trace Na and K metal ions Resin Resin The coordination mechanism The coordination mechanism
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang, Zhouxin , Guo, Wenli , Yang, Chen et al. Removal of trace Na and K metal ions by resin-grafted crown ether for electronic-grade N-methyl pyrrolidone purification [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 356 . |
| MLA | Chang, Zhouxin et al. "Removal of trace Na and K metal ions by resin-grafted crown ether for electronic-grade N-methyl pyrrolidone purification" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 356 (2024) . |
| APA | Chang, Zhouxin , Guo, Wenli , Yang, Chen , Ye, Changshen , Wang, Qinglian , Li, Bochen et al. Removal of trace Na and K metal ions by resin-grafted crown ether for electronic-grade N-methyl pyrrolidone purification . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 356 . |
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The heavy-metal contamination of aquatic environments presents imminent threat. Herein, we report a class of dual-heteroatomic conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s showing high-affinity separation performance toward heavy metals. The prepared keto-CMPA shows monolayer adsorption capacity for Hg (II) as high as 980 mg g(-1) according to the Langmuir model, and ultra-rapid kinetic with h reaching 30.41 mg g(-1) that could be described by the pseudo-second-order model. It maintains excellent stability across six reuses under harsh conditions, and furthermore demonstrates ultradeep separation efficiency that could adsorb almost all of heavy metals to ppb level with low usage. For further industrialization, a competent adsorption device was developed to remove heavy metals down to 1 ppb with a remarkable breakthrough over 20,000 BV. Characterizations and DFT calculation showed that the triangular synergistic region formed by the N-O-sites in the singular CMPA structure provided a feasible binding energy to enable the above impressive performance.
Keyword ：
Double heteroatomic Double heteroatomic Heavy metal ions adsorption Heavy metal ions adsorption Ketone functionalization strategy Ketone functionalization strategy Triangular synergistic region Triangular synergistic region
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| GB/T 7714 | Lou, Xiaoyu , Tang, Duanlian , Chen, Xuanjie et al. Ketone-based conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s for the ultradeep separation of heavy metal ions [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2024 , 301 . |
| MLA | Lou, Xiaoyu et al. "Ketone-based conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s for the ultradeep separation of heavy metal ions" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 301 (2024) . |
| APA | Lou, Xiaoyu , Tang, Duanlian , Chen, Xuanjie , Mo, Lanbin , Li, Yong , Ye, Changshen et al. Ketone-based conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s for the ultradeep separation of heavy metal ions . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2024 , 301 . |
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Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a crucial chemical raw material widely used in organic synthesis, lithiumion battery electrolytes, and various other fields. The current primary industrial process employs a conventional sodium methoxide basic catalyst to produce DMC through the transesterification reaction between vinyl carbonate and methanol. However, the utilization of this catalyst presents several challenges during the process, including equipment corrosion, the generation of solid waste, susceptibility to deactivation, and complexities in separation and recovery. To address these limitations, a series of alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s, i.e. [DVBPIL][PHO], [DVCPIL][PHO], and [TBVPIL][PHO], with different crosslinking degrees and structures, were synthesized through the construction of cross-linked polymeric monomers and functionalization. These poly(ionic liquid)s exhibit cross-linked structures and controllable cationic and anionic characteristics. Research was conducted to investigate the effect of the crosslinking degree and structure on the catalytic performance of transesterification in synthesizing DMC. It was discovered that the appropriate cross-linking degree and structure of the [DVCPIL][PHO] catalyst resulted in a DMC yield of up to 80.6%. Furthermore, this catalyst material exhibited good stability, maintaining its catalytic activity after repeated use five times without significant changes. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for using alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s as a highly efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional catalysts for the transesterification synthesis of DMC.
Keyword ：
Cross-linking degree Cross-linking degree Dimethyl carbonate production Dimethyl carbonate production Mechanism Mechanism Poly(ionic liquid) Poly(ionic liquid) Transesterification reaction Transesterification reaction
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| GB/T 7714 | Qi, Zhaoyang , Zhong, Shiquan , Su, Huiyun et al. Tuning the cross-linked structure of basic poly(ionic liquid) to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of vinyl carbonate to dimethyl carbonate [J]. | CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 72 : 106-116 . |
| MLA | Qi, Zhaoyang et al. "Tuning the cross-linked structure of basic poly(ionic liquid) to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of vinyl carbonate to dimethyl carbonate" . | CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 72 (2024) : 106-116 . |
| APA | Qi, Zhaoyang , Zhong, Shiquan , Su, Huiyun , Ye, Changshen , Ren, Limei , Qiu, Ting et al. Tuning the cross-linked structure of basic poly(ionic liquid) to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of vinyl carbonate to dimethyl carbonate . | CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 72 , 106-116 . |
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N-Methylpyrrolidone is widely used across various sectors; however, the energy -efficient removal of 1,4-butyrolactone impurity from NMP remains a significant challenge due to their nearly identical molecular size and properties. Herein, we synthesize a series of flexible molecular materials, perethylated pillar[ n ]arene ( n = 5, 6) with enhanced crystallization efficiency under the induce of dichloromethane solvent. Through a size -specific recognition and varied host -guest interaction, EtP5 demonstrates exceptional 99 % selectivity for GBL against NMP; single -crystal structure analyses and theoretical calculations unveil intricate C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding interactions, and 7C -7C stacking interactions between EtP5 and GBL. The single -crystal structure of the two -guest complexes has proved the existence of adsorption transition states, and it comprehensively elucidates the dynamic adsorption process of EtP5 with GBL, supported by theoretical calculations. Reuse experiments validate these crystals could be fully reused without loss of performance.
Keyword ：
4-Butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone Adsorption mechanism Adsorption mechanism N-Methylpyrrolidone N-Methylpyrrolidone Perethylated pillar[5]arene Perethylated pillar[5]arene
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| GB/T 7714 | Yin, Minlei , Yang, Chen , Tang, Duanlian et al. Revealing the mechanism behind the highly selective separation of 1,4-butyrolactone from n-methylpyrrolidone using nonporous adaptive crystals of perethylated pillar[5]arene [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 495 . |
| MLA | Yin, Minlei et al. "Revealing the mechanism behind the highly selective separation of 1,4-butyrolactone from n-methylpyrrolidone using nonporous adaptive crystals of perethylated pillar[5]arene" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 495 (2024) . |
| APA | Yin, Minlei , Yang, Chen , Tang, Duanlian , Huang, Shiyin , Lou, Xiaoyu , Cui, Rongkai et al. Revealing the mechanism behind the highly selective separation of 1,4-butyrolactone from n-methylpyrrolidone using nonporous adaptive crystals of perethylated pillar[5]arene . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 495 . |
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The presence of a considerable quantity of metal ions in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) applied for the cleaning of electronic devices, especially chips, results in a breakdown effect, thus affecting their overall durability and performance. Here, hydrogel that rich in O, N, and S active sites was prepared, which can effectively remove trace amounts of Cu (II) from N-methylpyrrolidone. The material was synthesized through a one-pot crosslinking and ion exchange method and is named SLH. The physicochemical properties and adsorption experiments were conducted. It was found that SLH-2 exhibited outstanding Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 136.99 mg/g at an initial Cu (II) concentration of 200 mg/L. By utilizing SLH-2 in electronic grade adsorption experiments, concentration of trace Cu (II) decreased from 12.3 μg/L to 5.39 μg/L. Additionally, concentration of Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ni significantly reduced to less than 1 μg/L, with –NH2 and –COOH playing crucial roles in the adsorption process. The research results indicate that predominant adsorption mechanisms are surface coordination and ion exchange. The adsorption energy between active functional groups and Cu (II) was calculated using density functional theory (DFT), revealing an affinity order of –COOH > –SO3H > –NH2 > –OH. This work not only developed an adsorbent for capturing trace Cu (II), but also provided new strategies for the removal of metal ions in wet chemicals. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword ：
Adsorption Adsorption Copper compounds Copper compounds Density functional theory Density functional theory Hydrogels Hydrogels Ion exchange Ion exchange Metal ions Metal ions Physicochemical properties Physicochemical properties Trace elements Trace elements
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang, Zhouxin , Zhang, Jiamei , Ye, Changshen et al. Trace Cu (II) removal from N-methylpyrrolidone with hydrogel rich in O, N and S active sites [J]. | Separation and Purification Technology , 2024 , 337 . |
| MLA | Chang, Zhouxin et al. "Trace Cu (II) removal from N-methylpyrrolidone with hydrogel rich in O, N and S active sites" . | Separation and Purification Technology 337 (2024) . |
| APA | Chang, Zhouxin , Zhang, Jiamei , Ye, Changshen , Chen, Jie , Qi, Zhaoyang , Wang, Qinglian et al. Trace Cu (II) removal from N-methylpyrrolidone with hydrogel rich in O, N and S active sites . | Separation and Purification Technology , 2024 , 337 . |
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Biodiesel, known as a renewable fuel, is an environmentally friendly energy source derived from animal and vegetable oils, as well as recycled oil. Despite this, the current advancements in biodiesel technology face challenges in fully replacing petrochemical diesel, primarily due to the non-green catalytic synthesis and high production cost associated with biodiesel. Ionic liquids containing strong Lewis acids or BrOnsted acids have been highlighted as a novel class of environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts, showing green and effective catalytic potential in the synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification. In another aspect, reactive distillation technology could facilitate continuous forward reactions catalyzed by ionic liquids by swiftly removing reaction products from the reaction zone, offering advantages in improving the production efficiency, energy consumption, and cost reduction. From this perspective, we discuss the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids, supported ionic liquids, amphiphilic ionic liquids, and amphiphilic supported ionic liquids. The focus is on the process for synthesizing biodiesel through catalytic distillation. We emphasize the potential role of the lipophilic group in the ionic liquid catalyst, promoting the mutual solubility of the reactant triglyceride with methanol or ethanol. This enhancement might facilitate contact between the reactants and improve the catalytic efficiency of transesterification. Additionally, we propose several methods to improve the efficiency of biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by ionic liquid catalysts and suggest appropriate reactive distillation processes for biodiesel production.
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| GB/T 7714 | Qi, Zhaoyang , Cui, Rongkai , Lin, Hao et al. Challenges and perspectives on using acidic ionic liquids for biodiesel production via reactive distillation [J]. | GREEN CHEMISTRY , 2024 , 26 (13) : 7718-7731 . |
| MLA | Qi, Zhaoyang et al. "Challenges and perspectives on using acidic ionic liquids for biodiesel production via reactive distillation" . | GREEN CHEMISTRY 26 . 13 (2024) : 7718-7731 . |
| APA | Qi, Zhaoyang , Cui, Rongkai , Lin, Hao , Ye, Changshen , Chen, Jie , Qiu, Ting . Challenges and perspectives on using acidic ionic liquids for biodiesel production via reactive distillation . | GREEN CHEMISTRY , 2024 , 26 (13) , 7718-7731 . |
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在聚多巴胺辅助二次生长法制备负载型催化填料(SCP)基础上,通过多次晶化及碱处理协同改性,开发了高性能SCP制备方法.研究结果表明,SCP的活性组分层负载量随晶化次数增加而线性增长,但过密的活性组分层结构限制了活性位点的利用.四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)处理通过溶解硅原子形成介孔,提高了外比表面积和扩散效率,增强了 SCP的催化活性和焦炭容纳能力.在优化的改性条件下,即晶化次数为3次、TMAOH溶液浓度为0.05 mol/L、碱处理温度为80℃、碱处理时间为120 min,SCP活性提升3.74倍.尽管SCP在乙酸环己酯合成中活性有所下降,但通过焙烧再生可恢复活性.环己烯高温聚合产生的积炭是活性降低的主要原因.
Keyword ：
催化填料 催化填料 催化精馏 催化精馏 再生 再生 反应 反应 失活 失活
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| GB/T 7714 | 王清莲 , 熊佩芸 , 韩俏飞 et al. 高性能负载型催化填料的制备及其性能研究 [J]. | 化工学报 , 2024 , 75 (11) : 4226-4236,封3 . |
| MLA | 王清莲 et al. "高性能负载型催化填料的制备及其性能研究" . | 化工学报 75 . 11 (2024) : 4226-4236,封3 . |
| APA | 王清莲 , 熊佩芸 , 韩俏飞 , 叶长燊 , 王红星 , 杨臣 et al. 高性能负载型催化填料的制备及其性能研究 . | 化工学报 , 2024 , 75 (11) , 4226-4236,封3 . |
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Aiming to address the mass transfer limitation in biphasic transesterification reactions for biodiesel production, as well as the poor affinity between conventional catalysts and feedstock oils, a series of amphiphilic heteropolyacid-based sulfonic acid-functionalised ionic liquids (AHPA-SFILs) were synthesised. Impressively, the solid-state AHPA-SFILs as catalysts would dissolve in the reaction medium during the transesterification of palm oil with methanol, enabling efficient homogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, the AHPA-SFILs could be easily precipitated and recovered by evaporating the methanol. Under the reaction temperature of 140 degrees C, methanol/ oil molar ratio of 20, catalyst dosage of 7 wt%, and reaction time of 1.8 h determined by response surface methodology, the optimum AHPA-SFIL, namely [C16N-PS]-HPMo-1, exhibited a 95.86% yield of biodiesel. As revealed by experiments and quantum chemical calculations, the C16 chain of [C16N-PS]-HPMo-1 on one hand enhanced the mass transfer by promoting the dissolution of methanol in oil phase, and on the other hand facilitated the enrichment of triglycerides through intensified van der Waals interaction, thereby triggering the remarkable catalytic performance. This reaction intensification effect derived from long alkyl groups provided a theoretical basis for the design of future ILs. Furthermore, [C16N-PS]-HPMo-1 AHPA-SFIL showed satisfactory generality in the biodiesel production from different oils, signifying its promising application potential.
Keyword ：
Amphiphilic ionic liquids Amphiphilic ionic liquids Biodiesel Biodiesel Reaction intensification Reaction intensification Transesterification Transesterification
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Mantian , Lu, Ping , Ye, Changshen et al. Amphiphilic heteropolyacid-based sulfonic acid-functionalised ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for biodiesel production [J]. | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
| MLA | Li, Mantian et al. "Amphiphilic heteropolyacid-based sulfonic acid-functionalised ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for biodiesel production" . | FUEL 354 (2023) . |
| APA | Li, Mantian , Lu, Ping , Ye, Changshen , Chen, Jie , Qiu, Ting . Amphiphilic heteropolyacid-based sulfonic acid-functionalised ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for biodiesel production . | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
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