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学者姓名：徐净
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Abstract ：
岩浆作用的不同时期、不同种属的碱性暗色矿物的矿物学信息能反演岩浆演化过程.本文对福建福州鼓山地区的晶洞花岗岩进行了主微量元素、锆石U-Pb同位素定年、Lu-Hf同位素分析,并对其特征暗色矿物进行了电子探针微区分析.鼓山花岗岩发育典型的钠铁闪石、霓石等碱性暗色矿物,地球化学特征表现为高硅、富碱、贫镁钙、低铁铝,属于准铝质到过碱质岩石;其LREE富集,HREE亏损,具有Eu负异常的特征,均显示K、Rb、Th、U等元素相对富集,Ba、Sr以及高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti相对亏损,为典型的高分异的碱性A型花岗岩.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄在95Ma左右,指示其形成时代为晚白垩世早期.锆石的平均ΔFMQ=+5.36,表明岩浆具有较高的氧逸度,钠铁闪石和霓石等碱性暗色矿物形成于岩浆演化的晚期阶段.霓石显示出其高硅、高钠、高铁,低钛、镁、铝、锰的特征.钠铁闪石具有富碱、高铁、多硅、贫钙的特征.碱性花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值范围为-1.8～+5.4,二阶段模式年龄tDM2为810～1278Ma,岩浆源区为同期底侵的富集地幔来源的陆壳岩石在高温下部分熔融形成,形成于太平洋板块俯冲后撤背景下的伸展环境.
Keyword ：
A型花岗岩 A型花岗岩 岩石成因 岩石成因 福州鼓山 福州鼓山 钠铁闪石 钠铁闪石 霓石 霓石
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| GB/T 7714 | 邓心禾 , 王力圆 , 徐净 et al. 福州鼓山地区A型花岗岩中碱性暗色矿物特征及其地质意义 [J]. | 岩石学报 , 2025 , 41 (1) : 112-134 . |
| MLA | 邓心禾 et al. "福州鼓山地区A型花岗岩中碱性暗色矿物特征及其地质意义" . | 岩石学报 41 . 1 (2025) : 112-134 . |
| APA | 邓心禾 , 王力圆 , 徐净 , 陈素余 . 福州鼓山地区A型花岗岩中碱性暗色矿物特征及其地质意义 . | 岩石学报 , 2025 , 41 (1) , 112-134 . |
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Porphyry copper systems contain porphyry Cu, skarn, carbonate-replacement and epithermal deposits, and presently supply nearly all the Te and Se, and have the potential to produce Co as by-product in the future. However, few studies have investigated the distribution of Co, Te, and Se in the specific porphyry-skarn deposit. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical analyses were conducted to investigate the distribution of Co, Te, and Se across porphyry, skarn, and carbonate-replacement ore types in the Tonglvshan porphyry-skarn Cu-Fe-Au deposit, Eastern China. The early sulfide stage in three ore types is characterized by Co-bearing pyrite (Py1a, Co up to 1.3 wt%) + droplet-like tetradymite +/- hessite +/- cattierite. The texture transition from coarse-grained, porefree to porous Py1a in porphyry and skarn type ores suggests a shift from stable physico-chemical conditions to gentle fluid boiling, resulting in the precipitation of Co- and Te-bearing minerals. In contrast, fine-grained euhedral Py1a in carbonate-replacement type ores implies rapid cooling from high-temperature fluid interaction with marble. The late sulfide stage, which only occurs in skarn and carbonate-replacement type ores, is characterized by Corich pyrite (Py2) + carrollite + hessite + Bi-sulfosalts. In skarn type ores, tetradymite-kawazulite solid solution (TKSS) + hessite + native Te + naumannite reflects intense boiling, leading to an increase in fO2 and pH that precipitates Py2b (Co up to 19.2 wt%) and carrollite, while Te and Se may precipitate through vapor phase condensation. Conversely, the presence of fine-grained carrollite, zoned Py2a, sphalerite, and galena in carbonate-replacement type ore suggests that rapid cooling and increasing pH, resulting from fluid mixing, played a significant role in the precipitation Co and Te. Furthermore, the porous texture resulting from coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR) during the late sulfide stage also provided favorable conditions for the formation of micro-nano sized critical metal particles.
Keyword ：
Cobalt Cobalt Critical metal Critical metal Porphyry-skarn deposit Porphyry-skarn deposit Selenium Selenium Tellurium Tellurium Tonglvshan Tonglvshan
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Xiaolin , Xie, Guiqing , Xu, Jing et al. Distribution of Co, Te, Se in porphyry copper systems: A case study of the Tonglvshan deposit, Eastern China [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 174 . |
| MLA | Wu, Xiaolin et al. "Distribution of Co, Te, Se in porphyry copper systems: A case study of the Tonglvshan deposit, Eastern China" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 174 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Xiaolin , Xie, Guiqing , Xu, Jing , Voudouris, Panagiotis , Liu, Wenyuan . Distribution of Co, Te, Se in porphyry copper systems: A case study of the Tonglvshan deposit, Eastern China . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 174 . |
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Most high-grade U ores are mined from quartz veins hosted in granites. The veins formed at shallow depths during episodic hydrothermal activity, however, the evolution of multiple stage fluids is not well constrained. In this study, we collected 56 quartz samples from the world-class, granite-related, Zhuguangshan U district (>17,000 t U from seven deposits) in southern China. Their textures and compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscope cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL, n = 98) and laser ablation-induction coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS, n = 643). Four types of quartz were identified, including magmatic quartz, early hydrothermal euhedral quartz, ore stage hydrothermal quartz (U-rich), and late hydrothermal quartz. New quartz textures and chemical compositions show that the transition of early hydrothermal quartz from the magmatic to hydrothermal stages is discontinuous, unlike the continuous trend observed in most magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Ore stage quartz is CL dark (with a peak at 650 nm), occurs as rims on early barren quartz, and has high contents of Mn, Al, and Sb. Altered textures of magmatic quartz developed through fluid-rock reactions at low temperatures, while rimmed textures of hydrothermal quartz formed during subsequent late-stage U-bearing fluid events, which played a crucial role in U mineralization. Quartz in the Zhuguangshan U district has distinct features compared to other magmatic-hydrothermal systems that can guide exploration for high-grade ore in this, and perhaps other, granite-related U systems.
Keyword ：
Fluid overprints Fluid overprints Granite-related Granite-related Quartz textures Quartz textures Trace elements Trace elements U mineralization U mineralization Zhuguangshan Zhuguangshan
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Shen , Wang, Yongjian , Zou, Xinyu et al. Fluid overprints and mineralization of the Zhuguangshan granite-related U district in China: Recorded by cathodoluminescence textures and chemistry of quartz [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 173 . |
| MLA | Gao, Shen et al. "Fluid overprints and mineralization of the Zhuguangshan granite-related U district in China: Recorded by cathodoluminescence textures and chemistry of quartz" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 173 (2024) . |
| APA | Gao, Shen , Wang, Yongjian , Zou, Xinyu , Vinis, Edward L. , Huang, Liangliang , Tao, Yi et al. Fluid overprints and mineralization of the Zhuguangshan granite-related U district in China: Recorded by cathodoluminescence textures and chemistry of quartz . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 173 . |
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Mineral assemblages containing Cu-Bi sulfosalts, Bi chalcogenides, and Ag-(Au) tellurides have been identified in the mid-Miocene Zhibula Cu skarn deposit, Gangdese Belt, southern Tibet. Different mineral assemblages from three locations in the deposit, including proximal massive garnet skarn, proximal retrogressed pyroxene-dominant skarn in contact with marble, and distal banded garnet-pyroxene skarn hosted in marble, are studied to constrain the evolution of the mineralization. Hypogene bornite contains elevated Bi (mean 6.73 wt.%) and co-exists in proximal andradite skarn with a second bornite with far lower Bi content, carrollite, Au-Ag tellurides (hessite, petzite), and wittichenite. This assemblage indicates formation at relatively high temperatures (>400 degrees C) and high f(S2) and f(Te2) during prograde-stage mineralization. Assemblages of Bi sulfosalts (wittichenite, aikinite, kupc & iacute;kite, and paderaite) and bismuth chalcogenides (e.g., tetradymite) in proximal pyroxene skarn are also indicative of formation at relatively high temperatures, but at relatively lower f(Te2) and f(S2) conditions. Within the reduced distal skarn (chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-bearing) in marble, cobalt, and nickel occur as discrete minerals: cobaltite, melonite and cobaltic pentlandite. The trace ore mineral signature of the Zhibula skarn and the distributions of precious and critical trace elements such as Ag, Au, Co, Te, Se, and Bi support an evolving magmatic-hydrothermal system in which different parts of the deposit each define ore formation at distinct local physicochemical conditions. This is the first report of kupc & iacute;kite and paderaite from a Chinese location. Their compositions are comparable to other occurrences, but conspicuously, they do not form nanoscale intergrowths with one another.
Keyword ：
Au-Ag tellurides Au-Ag tellurides Bi chalcogenides Bi chalcogenides Cu-Bi sulfosalts Cu-Bi sulfosalts ore mineralogy ore mineralogy Tibet Tibet Zhibula Cu skarn Zhibula Cu skarn
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Jing , Ciobanu, Cristiana Liana , Cook, Nigel John et al. Constraints on Ore Genesis from Trace Ore Mineralogy: A New Occurrence of Kupcikite and Paděraite from the Zhibula Cu Skarn Deposit, Southern Tibet [J]. | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (5) . |
| MLA | Xu, Jing et al. "Constraints on Ore Genesis from Trace Ore Mineralogy: A New Occurrence of Kupcikite and Paděraite from the Zhibula Cu Skarn Deposit, Southern Tibet" . | MINERALS 14 . 5 (2024) . |
| APA | Xu, Jing , Ciobanu, Cristiana Liana , Cook, Nigel John , Gao, Shen , Zhao, Taiping , Jiang, Jichen . Constraints on Ore Genesis from Trace Ore Mineralogy: A New Occurrence of Kupcikite and Paděraite from the Zhibula Cu Skarn Deposit, Southern Tibet . | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (5) . |
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Iron, Cu, Pb-Zn, and W-Mo skarn deposits occur in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet. A lack of precise age constraints for mineralization hinders understanding of the processes contributing to skarn mineralization, particularly identification of the causative intrusions. In this study, new garnet U-Pb geochronological data are provided for the Qiagong (Fe) and Jiaduobule (Fe-Cu) skarns. We place particular emphasis on skarn garnet mineralogy, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to characterize garnet textures, compositions, and U-Pb isotope systematics. All garnets studied belong to the grossular-andradite series and display oscillatory compositional zoning (And 100 Gr 0 to And 20 Gr 80 ). Andradite-dominated garnet features a chondrite-normalized REE fractionation pattern exhibiting enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and a positive Eu anomaly, whereas grossular-dominated garnet displays relative LREE depletion and a marked flat HREE fractionation trend. Ore-forming elements, including Sn, W, As, and U, are detected at concentrations up to several hundreds of ppm in the same garnets. Concentrations of W and As are higher in andradite and correlate positively with one another. The correlation between U, Sn and the major oxide composition of garnet is insignificant, potentially resulting from the changing valence states of these elements under different redox conditions. Together with previously published and limited new data for the Gebunongba (Fe), Ri'a (Cu), and Hahaigang (W-Mo) skarns, the new garnet U-Pb age data indicate that the major Fe, Pb-Zn, and W-Mo mineralization event in the Gangdese metallogenic belt took place between 65 Ma and 50 Ma, with marked peaks at - 65 Ma and - 53 Ma. Partial melting of a crustal-dominated source due to the slab rollback (-65 Ma) and break off (-53 Ma) of Yarlug-Zangbo Tethyan Ocean and subsequent asthenosphere upwelling induced this regional event during the Paleogene to early Eocene. A less common but regionally widespread Cu (+/- Au) mineralization event in the same belt formed during the Late Cretaceous (-85 Ma) and may have resulted from the coupled influence of the northward subduction of the Yarlug-Zangbo Tethyan Ocean and the southward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean. This contribution highlights the potential significance of the Late Cretaceous Cu(+/- Au) event and hence the prospectivity of the belt for both skarn and porphyry systems. More broadly, our findings carry implications for Neo-Tethyan metallogeny in the region extending from southwestern China to eastern Europe during the Late Cretaceous. (c) 2024 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Gangdese belt Gangdese belt Garnet Garnet LA-ICP-MS LA-ICP-MS Skarn Skarn Tibet Tibet U-Pb geochronology U-Pb geochronology
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Jing , Li, Jiadai , Cook, Nigel J. et al. Redefining timing, genesis and geodynamic setting of polymetallic skarn mineralization, Gangdese belt, Tibet, from LA-ICP-MS garnet U-Pb geochronology [J]. | GONDWANA RESEARCH , 2024 , 132 : 113-135 . |
| MLA | Xu, Jing et al. "Redefining timing, genesis and geodynamic setting of polymetallic skarn mineralization, Gangdese belt, Tibet, from LA-ICP-MS garnet U-Pb geochronology" . | GONDWANA RESEARCH 132 (2024) : 113-135 . |
| APA | Xu, Jing , Li, Jiadai , Cook, Nigel J. , Ciobanu, Cristiana L. , Wu, Shitou , Wade, Benjamin P. et al. Redefining timing, genesis and geodynamic setting of polymetallic skarn mineralization, Gangdese belt, Tibet, from LA-ICP-MS garnet U-Pb geochronology . | GONDWANA RESEARCH , 2024 , 132 , 113-135 . |
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Fluvial detrital zircons provide crucial insights into crustal evolution in the early Precambrian. We used U-Pb geochronology and the Hf-O isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the Tingjiang River to determine the provenance and continental crustal evolution of the NE Cathaysia Block. The zircon U-Pb ages show seven major populations at 177-105, 262-200 and 520-376 Ma, with striking peaks at c. 422, 775-606, 1457-836, 2042-1710 and 2661-2300 Ma, corresponding to documented tectono-thermal events in the South China Block. Episodic magmatism was the response to the formation and break-up of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents. The episode at 422 Ma matches with the ages of widespread early Paleozoic intraplate orogenic events in the South China Block. The isotopic signatures of Hf and O in the detrital zircons indicate that the majority of the Precambrian zircons likely originated from remelted ancient continental crust, with contributions from juvenile mantle-derived magmas. The Phanerozoic zircons, by contrast, were formed through the partial melting of recycled crustal material. Analysis of crustal growth rates, based on the two-stage Hf model ages, suggests a significant presence of juvenile crustal growth during the Paleoproterozoic era. Specifically, it is estimated that c. 40 and 90% of the present crust within the NE Cathaysia Block was formed at c. 2.3 and 1.6 Ga, respectively.
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Liyuan , Qiu, Chenhong , Zhang, Wenhui et al. Constraints on the growth and evolution of continental crust in the NE Cathaysia Block: insights from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopic analyses in Tingjiang sediments [J]. | JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 2024 , 181 (6) . |
| MLA | Wang, Liyuan et al. "Constraints on the growth and evolution of continental crust in the NE Cathaysia Block: insights from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopic analyses in Tingjiang sediments" . | JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 181 . 6 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Liyuan , Qiu, Chenhong , Zhang, Wenhui , Xu, Jing , Zerizghi, Teklit . Constraints on the growth and evolution of continental crust in the NE Cathaysia Block: insights from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopic analyses in Tingjiang sediments . | JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 2024 , 181 (6) . |
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In recent years, a substantial body of research has demonstrated the close relationship between the built environment and urban nighttime vitality. While scholars have established slightly varied evaluation systems for the built environment, most have utilized the open-source nighttime light (NTL) data (2012 similar to ) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Satellite to characterize nighttime vitality. However, with the release of the high spatial resolution NTL data from Glimmer Imager for Urbanization (GIU) sensor on the Sustainable Development Goals Satellite 1 (SDGSAT-1) by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), more options are now available for indicating nighttime vitality. Yet, no studies have so far measured the representational capability of this new NTL data. In this study, we selected Shanghai, one of the most urbanized cities in Asia, as our research area. We utilized both GIU NTL data and VIIRS NTL data to represent nighttime vitality and collected multidimensional geospatial big data as indicators of the built environment. Various regression models were employed to explore the differences in explanatory power when using different NTL data. To obtain more reliable conclusions, we have also divided the study area according to urban functional zone categories and conducted experiments on both the overall scale (entire study area) and local scale (different urban functional zones). The results showed that regression models using GIU NTL data had higher R-2 values both at overall scale(0.529 > 0.268) and local scale (0.704 > 0.641, 0.701 > 0.408, 0.537 > 0.512, 0.674 > 0.589), indicating stronger explanatory power of GIU NTL data. Furthermore, we found that the use of GIU NTL data revealed an amplification effect, where the impact of certain representative built environment factors (such as road density, building height, and vegetation coverage) on nighttime vitality was magnified, demonstrating more pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Our study investigated the performance of the new open-source SDGSAT1/GIU NTL data in representing nighttime vitality and shows its potential application in research on the relationship between the built environment and nighttime vitality. Additionally, our study also reveals the differences in the impact of the built environment on nighttime vitality across different urban functional zones. All these results will provide more valuable references for city managers aspiring to enhance the nighttime vitality and help them to make more rational planning plans.
Keyword ：
Built environment Built environment GWR GWR Nighttime light data Nighttime light data Nighttime vitality Nighttime vitality SDGSAT SDGSAT
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| GB/T 7714 | Xie, Qiyuan , Cai, Chenfan , Jiang, Yichen et al. Investigating the performance of SDGSAT-1/GIU and NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data in representing nighttime vitality and its relationship with the built environment: A comparative study in Shanghai, China [J]. | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS , 2024 , 160 . |
| MLA | Xie, Qiyuan et al. "Investigating the performance of SDGSAT-1/GIU and NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data in representing nighttime vitality and its relationship with the built environment: A comparative study in Shanghai, China" . | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 160 (2024) . |
| APA | Xie, Qiyuan , Cai, Chenfan , Jiang, Yichen , Zhang, Hongyu , Wu, Zhijie , Xu, Jing . Investigating the performance of SDGSAT-1/GIU and NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data in representing nighttime vitality and its relationship with the built environment: A comparative study in Shanghai, China . | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS , 2024 , 160 . |
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Tin-bearing magnetite is reported from several types of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. The question of whether tin is incorporated within solid solution, as Sn4+, or as nanoinclusions remains open, however. We report a micron- to nanoscale investigation of Sn (Mg, Si)-bearing magnetite from serpentinite in the Dulong Zn-Sn-In skarn, South China, with the dual aims of understanding the mechanisms involved in accommodating Sn and associated elements into the Fe-oxide, and the inferences that this carries for constraining the early stages of skarn formation. Magnetite preserves a range of textures that record the evolution of metasomatism during prograde growth of grain cores and retrograde rim replacement. Observations reveal the presence of chondrodite and sellaite (MgF2) as nanoscale inclusions preserved in magnetite. This implies initiation of the Dulong mineralizing system during a humite-bearing, magnesium skarn stage. Magnesium-Si defects, forming along (110) planes prior to Sn-enrichment, are recognized for the first time. Release of high volatile, F-rich fluids is interpreted to lead to precipitation of cassiterite inclusions along < 111*> directions in magnetite.
Keyword ：
cassiterite cassiterite crystal structure crystal structure Dulong Dulong HAADF STEM HAADF STEM humite group humite group magnetite magnetite skarn skarn
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Jing , Ciobanu, Cristiana L. , Cook, Nigel J. et al. Tin-bearing magnetite with nanoscale Mg-Si defects: Evidence for the early stages of mineralization in a skarn system [J]. | FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE , 2023 , 10 . |
| MLA | Xu, Jing et al. "Tin-bearing magnetite with nanoscale Mg-Si defects: Evidence for the early stages of mineralization in a skarn system" . | FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE 10 (2023) . |
| APA | Xu, Jing , Ciobanu, Cristiana L. , Cook, Nigel J. , Slattery, Ashley D. , Ehrig, Kathy , Wade, Benjamin P. et al. Tin-bearing magnetite with nanoscale Mg-Si defects: Evidence for the early stages of mineralization in a skarn system . | FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE , 2023 , 10 . |
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The Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, located in the southern margin of the North China Craton (SNCC), is a typical magmatic-hydrothermal deposit, where sphalerite is the predominate ore mineral with significant concentrations of critical metals, including Ga, In, and Cd. However, previous studies paid little attention to the critical metals in the deposit. This study carried out in-suit elemental analysis on the sphalerite from the Chitudian deposit, aiming to constrain the spatial distribution and enrichment mechanism of critical metals. In the Chitudian deposit, five types of sphalerite were identified (Z-Sp, Y-Sp1, Y-Sp2, X-Sp1, and X-Sp2), which differ in color, texture, and chemical composition. The concentrations of Cd, Ga, and In of these sphalerites range from 1440 to 5145 ppm, 0.53 to 528 ppm, and 0.75 to 2113 ppm, respectively. In detail, Cd is mainly concentrated in the sphalerites from the hydrothermal vein-type orebodies relative to skarn-type orebodies. Indium is progressively depleted from granite-proximal locations to granite-distal locations, and the Fe-rich sphalerite is an excellent host of In. Gallium enrichment is only observed in the tectonically deformed location of the sulfide ore vein, where the Ga-rich sphalerite is poor in Fe and shows a complex texture. Microanalysis conducted on the Ga-rich sphalerite sug-gested that Ga, together with In, Sn, and Cu, are removed from the deformed sphalerite by mineral-fluid interaction and subsequently sequestered by the late sphalerite cement. Considering that the Ga-rich sphal-erite is close to the Ga-bearing coal bed of the Meiyaogou Formation, it is likely that the coal bed could be a potential source for Ga. These results highlight that tectonic deformation followed by hydrothermal fluid overprinting is favorable for the enrichment of critical metals in sphalerite-rich deposits.
Keyword ：
Chemical remobilization Chemical remobilization Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit Critical metals Critical metals Major and trace elements Major and trace elements Sphalerite Sphalerite
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Cheng , Meng, Lei , Xu, Jing et al. Texture and geochemistry of sphalerite from the Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, southern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the enrichments of Cd, Ga, and In [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 156 . |
| MLA | Chen, Cheng et al. "Texture and geochemistry of sphalerite from the Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, southern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the enrichments of Cd, Ga, and In" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 156 (2023) . |
| APA | Chen, Cheng , Meng, Lei , Xu, Jing , Zhan, Qiang , Zhao, Taiping . Texture and geochemistry of sphalerite from the Chitudian Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, southern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the enrichments of Cd, Ga, and In . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 156 . |
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Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits frequently contain significant amounts of critical metals such as germanium in sphalerite. However, the textural and chemical controls leading to Ge enrichment remain poorly constrained. Based on textural observations and laser-ablation (multi-collector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, we investigate the origin, textural control, and incorporation of Ge in the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China, which contains > 400t Ge at 97.9 ppm. Two hydrothermal stages (I and II) and three textural types of sphalerite (Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3) are recognized in stratabound and stockwork Zn(-Ge) orebodies. Acicular colloform Sp1 formed in stage I, whereas euhedral sector-zoned Sp3 is related to stage II. In acicular-euhedral Sp2, both Sp1 and Sp3 are observed. A large variation of Ge concentrations is observed with an average Ge of 1013 ppm in Sp1, decreasing to 621 ppm in Sp2 and to 492 ppm in Sp3. In the three types of sphalerite, Ge concentrations are not correlated to monovalent cations (Cu and Ag), indicative of unusual substitution mechanisms coupled to divalent cations such as Mn, Pb, or Cd. Trace element distribution, sulfur, and lead isotopes suggest that the deeply circulating brines interacted with Ge-rich basement rocks and mixed with shallow biogenic sulfur: This mixing process was certainly the main factor controlling the Ge endowment. The precipitation of acicular sphalerite was likely controlled by a combination of specific fluid conditions (i.e., low T and pH, and rapid mineral growth rate) and fluid mixing. These conditions leading to the formation of acicular sphalerite were favorable for Ge enrichment, compared to co-existing euhedral grains generally less rich in Ge.
Keyword ：
Carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposits Carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposits Germanium Germanium LA-(MC)-ICP-MS analyses LA-(MC)-ICP-MS analyses South China South China Sphalerite Sphalerite
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| GB/T 7714 | Luo, Kai , Cugerone, Alexandre , Zhou, Mei-Fu et al. Germanium enrichment in sphalerite with acicular and euhedral textures: an example from the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China [J]. | MINERALIUM DEPOSITA , 2022 , 57 (8) : 1343-1365 . |
| MLA | Luo, Kai et al. "Germanium enrichment in sphalerite with acicular and euhedral textures: an example from the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China" . | MINERALIUM DEPOSITA 57 . 8 (2022) : 1343-1365 . |
| APA | Luo, Kai , Cugerone, Alexandre , Zhou, Mei-Fu , Zhou, Jia-Xi , Sun, Guo-Tao , Xu, Jing et al. Germanium enrichment in sphalerite with acicular and euhedral textures: an example from the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China . | MINERALIUM DEPOSITA , 2022 , 57 (8) , 1343-1365 . |
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