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Abstract ：
The global atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) accumulation trajectory has been subjected to fluctuations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-level virus prevalence and geography conditions added complexity to understanding atmospheric GHG accumulation sensitivities in terms of the growth rate. Here, extensive data sets were comprehensively analyzed to capture historical and projected fate of atmospheric GHG concentrations. Although a temporary slowdown was observed during the lockdown, global atmospheric GHG growing rates exhibited a sharp rebound during the early economic recovery after COVID-19, which would threaten climate goals without proactive measures. Despite this consistent global trend, various countries demonstrated differential relative changes in growth rates, representing their specific responses to the pandemic crisis. After systematic consideration of socio-economic and demographic factors and employment of optimal regression models, transportation and industry variables emerged as the strongest predictors for country-specific GHG accumulation sensitivities during lockdown and recovery phases, respectively. Addressing global health and climate change issues would necessitate sustainable government actions and economic decisions in anticipation of future pandemic-related events.
Keyword ：
atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration driving forces driving forces growth rate growth rate machine learning machine learning pandemic-related periods pandemic-related periods
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Chen , Wei, Wei , Chen, Xueming et al. Unlocking Drivers of Country-Specific Sensitivities of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Accumulation: Preparing for Future Pandemic Management [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 59 (1) : 362-372 . |
| MLA | Wang, Chen et al. "Unlocking Drivers of Country-Specific Sensitivities of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Accumulation: Preparing for Future Pandemic Management" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 59 . 1 (2025) : 362-372 . |
| APA | Wang, Chen , Wei, Wei , Chen, Xueming , Liu, Yiwen , Wijayaratna, Kasun , Ni, Bing-Jie . Unlocking Drivers of Country-Specific Sensitivities of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Accumulation: Preparing for Future Pandemic Management . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 59 (1) , 362-372 . |
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This study aims to formulate the degradation mechanism of polyamide membrane by chlorine, and to assess the role of Ca2+ or Mg2+ involved in chlorination. By adjusting chlorination pH, two competing degradation mechanisms, namely chlorination-promoted hydrogen bond cleavage and chlorination-promoted hydrolysis, were first time proposed. Hydrogen bond cleavage promoted severe compaction (reduced pore radius), while hydrolysis led to a loose but non-compactable structure (increased pore radius), causing opposite trends in membrane filtration performance at different pHs. The pore radius and water flux were reduced by 33% and 69% at chlorination pH 4.0, however, water flux was increased by 45% at chlorination pH 10.0. Therefore, intermolecular rather than intramolecular bonds regulate the rotational freedom and then affect compactness of polyamide layers under pressure. Ca2+ or Mg2+ further amplified these effects of chlorine, i.e., water flux was further reduced by 7%-10% at pH 4.0 and further increased by 23%-48% at pH 7.0-10.0. The coordination between carbonyl oxygen and Ca2+ or Mg2+, evidenced by simulated molecular electrostatic potential and binding energies, initiated excessive hydrogen bond breakage between C--O and N-H. Consequently, it prompted N-chlorination, as non-hydrogen-bonded N-H has a higher chlorination priority than hydrogen- bonded N-H. In addition, Ca2+ or Mg2+ accelerated chlorination-promoted hydrolysis.
Keyword ：
Calcium Calcium Chlorination Chlorination Hydrogen bond Hydrogen bond Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Magnesium Magnesium Polyamide membranes Polyamide membranes
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| GB/T 7714 | Yu, Qinyu , Wu, Shuang , Yang, Linyan et al. New insights to chlorination-induced chemical bond cleavage in polyamide membranes: Degradation mechanisms and the role of calcium and magnesium ions [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 505 . |
| MLA | Yu, Qinyu et al. "New insights to chlorination-induced chemical bond cleavage in polyamide membranes: Degradation mechanisms and the role of calcium and magnesium ions" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 505 (2025) . |
| APA | Yu, Qinyu , Wu, Shuang , Yang, Linyan , Chen, Xueming , Tao, Min , Wu, Yi et al. New insights to chlorination-induced chemical bond cleavage in polyamide membranes: Degradation mechanisms and the role of calcium and magnesium ions . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2025 , 505 . |
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This study attempted to compare the enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) bacteria, which are affiliated with Nitrospira and not able to generate nitrous oxide (N2O, a potent greenhouse gas) through biological pathways, in two commonly-utilized configurations of floccular sludge reactors, i.e., sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), under the ammonium condition of mainstream wastewater (i.e., 40.0 g-N/m(3)). The results in terms of nitrification performance and microbial analyses during 216-d operation showed that compared with SBR offering a fluctuating but generally higher in-situ ammonium concentration (i.e., 1.0-6.0 g-N/m(3)) which was favorable for the growth of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB, belonging to Nitrosomonas in this study), CSTR managed to lower the in-situ ammonium level to < 2.0 g-N/m(3), thus creating a competitive advantage for comammox bacteria with a highly oligotrophic lifestyle. Such an argument was further supported by dedicated batch tests which revealed that Nitrospira-dominant sludge had a lower maximum ammonium oxidation rate and lower apparent ammonium and oxygen affinity constants than Nitrosomonas-dominant sludge (i.e., 33.5 +/- 2.1 mg-N/h/g-MLVSS vs. 139.9 +/- 26.7 mg-N/h/g-MLVSS, 1.1 +/- 0.1 g-N/m(3) vs. 17.6 +/- 4.6 g-N/m(3), and 0.017 +/- 0.002 g-O-2/m(3) vs. 0.037 +/- 0.013 g-O-2/m(3), respectively), proving the nature of comammox bacteria as a K-strategist. Overall, this study not only provided useful insights into the effective enrichment of comammox bacteria in floccular sludge but also further revealed the interactions between comammox bacteria and AOB, thereby contributing to the future development of comammox-inclusive biological nitrogen removal technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) bacteria Complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) bacteria Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) r/K-strategists r/K-strategists Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhu, Ying , Hou, Jiaying , Meng, Fangang et al. Comparative enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation bacteria in floccular sludge reactors: Sequencing batch reactor vs. continuous stirred tank reactor [J]. | WATER RESEARCH X , 2025 , 27 . |
| MLA | Zhu, Ying et al. "Comparative enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation bacteria in floccular sludge reactors: Sequencing batch reactor vs. continuous stirred tank reactor" . | WATER RESEARCH X 27 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhu, Ying , Hou, Jiaying , Meng, Fangang , Xu, Meiying , Lin, Limin , Yang, Linyan et al. Comparative enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation bacteria in floccular sludge reactors: Sequencing batch reactor vs. continuous stirred tank reactor . | WATER RESEARCH X , 2025 , 27 . |
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The kinetics of polyamide membrane degradation by free chlorine and halide ions (Br- and Cl-) were innovatively evaluated based on physicochemical properties and filtration performance, using water/solute permeability coefficient in addition to bromide incorporation as important indicators. The reaction rate constants for the reduced water and H3BO3 permeability coefficient were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher at 0-1 h than 1-10 h. N-bromination and bromination-promoted hydrolysis are dominant degradation mechanisms at 0-1 h (reflected by the breakage of hydrogen bond, the increased Ca binding content, and the increased charge density), and ring-bromination further occurs at 1-10 h (reflected by the disappearance or weakening of aromatic amide band and the nearly constant hydrogen bond). The more reactive but less abundant brominating agents (Br2O, BrOCl, BrCl, and Br-2) played significant roles in membrane degradation, contradicting the conventional belief that HOBr is the only reactive species. BrCl at pH 4.0 and BrOCl and Br2O at pH 7.0 made significantly higher contributions to membrane degradation than HOBr (>76 % vs. <13 %). The increased contribution of BrCl and Br-2 with the increased [Cl-] and [Br-](ex) (the excess bromide, defined as [Br-](o) - [HOCl](o) when [Br-](o) > [HOCl](o)), respectively, was responsible for the greater reduction of water permeability coefficient. The innovative and simple approach developed in this study provides important insights to evaluate and predict membrane degradation.
Keyword ：
Halogenating agents Halogenating agents Halogenation Halogenation Membrane degradation Membrane degradation Polyamide membranes Polyamide membranes Reaction kinetics Reaction kinetics
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Linyan , Yu, Haixiang , Zhao, Huihui et al. Degradation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes by free chlorine and halide ions: Kinetics, mechanisms, and implications [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 272 . |
| MLA | Yang, Linyan et al. "Degradation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes by free chlorine and halide ions: Kinetics, mechanisms, and implications" . | WATER RESEARCH 272 (2025) . |
| APA | Yang, Linyan , Yu, Haixiang , Zhao, Huihui , Xia, Caiping , Yu, Qinyu , Chen, Xueming et al. Degradation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes by free chlorine and halide ions: Kinetics, mechanisms, and implications . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 272 . |
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Since the mass production and extensive use of chloroquine (CLQ) would lead to its inevitable discharge, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) might play a key role in the management of CLQ. Despite the reported functional versatility of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that mediate the first step for biological nitrogen removal at WWTP (i.e., partial nitrification), their potential capability to degrade CLQ remains to be discovered. Therefore, with the enriched partial nitrification sludge, a series of dedicated batch tests were performed in this study to verify the performance and mechanisms of CLQ biodegradation under the ammonium conditions of mainstream wastewater. The results showed that AOB could degrade CLQ in the presence of ammonium oxidation activity, but the capability was limited by the amount of partial nitrification sludge (similar to 1.1 mg/L at a mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration of 200 mg/L). CLQ and its biodegradation products were found to have no significant effect on the ammonium oxidation activity of AOB while the latter would promote N2O production through the AOB denitrification pathway, especially at relatively low DO levels (<= 0.5 mg-O-2/L). This study provided valuable insights into a more comprehensive assessment of the fate of CLQ in the context of wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) biodegradation biodegradation chloroquine chloroquine nitrous oxide (N2O) nitrous oxide (N2O) partial nitrification partial nitrification wastewater treatment wastewater treatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Bokai , Li, Fuyi , Lin, Yinghui et al. Degradation of Chloroquine by Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Performance, Mechanisms, and Associated Impact on N2O Production [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 58 (10) : 4662-4669 . |
| MLA | Chen, Bokai et al. "Degradation of Chloroquine by Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Performance, Mechanisms, and Associated Impact on N2O Production" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 58 . 10 (2024) : 4662-4669 . |
| APA | Chen, Bokai , Li, Fuyi , Lin, Yinghui , Yang, Linyan , Wei, Wei , Ni, Bing-Jie et al. Degradation of Chloroquine by Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Performance, Mechanisms, and Associated Impact on N2O Production . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 58 (10) , 4662-4669 . |
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Traditional microbial electrochemical sensors encounter challenges due to their inherent complexity. In response to these challenges, the microbial potentiometric sensor (MPS) technology was introduced, featuring a straightforward high-impedance measurement circuit tailored for environmental monitoring. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of conventional MPS is constrained by issues such as the exposure of the reference electrode to the monitored water and the absence of methodologies to stimulate microbial metabolism. In this study, our objective was to enhance MPS performance by imbuing it with unique cathodic catalytic properties, specifically tailored for distinct application scenarios. Notably, the anodic region served as the sensing element, with both the cathodic region and reference electrode physically isolated from the analyzed water sample. In the realm of organic monitoring, the sensor without Pt/C coated in the cathodic region exhibited a faster response time (1 h) and lower detection limits (1 mg L-1 BOD, 1 mM acetic acid). Conversely, when monitoring toxic substances, the sensor with Pt/C showcased a lower detection limit (0.004% formaldehyde), while the Pt/C-free sensor demonstrated superior reusability. The sensor with Pt/C displayed a heightened anode biofilm thickness and coverage, predominantly composed of Rhodococcus. In conclusion, this study introduces simple, costeffective, and tailorable biosensors holding substantial promise for water quality monitoring.
Keyword ：
Cathodic catalytic activity Cathodic catalytic activity Microbial electrochemical sensors Microbial electrochemical sensors Microbial electrochemical technology Microbial electrochemical technology Microbial potentiometric sensor Microbial potentiometric sensor Sensitivity Sensitivity
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| GB/T 7714 | Cai, Jiayi , Wang, Yue , Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah et al. Refining microbial potentiometric sensor performance with unique cathodic catalytic properties for targeted application scenarios [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2024 , 247 . |
| MLA | Cai, Jiayi et al. "Refining microbial potentiometric sensor performance with unique cathodic catalytic properties for targeted application scenarios" . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 247 (2024) . |
| APA | Cai, Jiayi , Wang, Yue , Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah , Wu, Gaoying , Pu, Ying , Tang, Wangwang et al. Refining microbial potentiometric sensor performance with unique cathodic catalytic properties for targeted application scenarios . | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH , 2024 , 247 . |
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Peracetic acid (PAA), known for its environmentally friendly properties as a oxidant and bactericide, is gaining prominence in decontamination and disinfection applications. The primary product of PAA oxidation is acetate that can serve as an electron acceptor (EA) for the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) via chain elongation (CE) reactions. Hence, PAA-based pretreatment is supposed to be beneficial for MCFAs production from anaerobic sludge fermentation, as it could enhance organic matter availability, suppress competing microorganisms and furnish EA by providing acetate. However, such a hypothesis has rarely been proved. Here we reveal that PAA-based pretreatment leads to sig-nificant exfoliation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from sludge flocs and disruption of proteinic secondary structures, through inducing highly active free radicals and singlet oxygen. The production of MCFAs increases substantially to 11,265.6 mg COD L-1 , while the undesired byproducts, specifically long-chain alcohols (LCAs), decrease to 723.5 mg COD L-1. Microbial activity tests further demonstrate that PAA pretreatment stimulates the CE process, attributed to the up-regulation of func-tional genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. These comprehensive findings provide insights into the effectiveness and mechanisms behind enhanced MCFAs production through PAA-based tech-nology, advancing our understanding of sustainable resource recovery from sewage sludge.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Medium -chain fatty acids (MCFAs) Medium -chain fatty acids (MCFAs) Metabolic activity Metabolic activity Peracetic acid (PAA) Peracetic acid (PAA) Sewage sludge Sewage sludge
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Yufen , Guo, Haixiao , Li, Xuecheng et al. Peracetic acid (PAA)-based pretreatment effectively improves medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 20 . |
| MLA | Wang, Yufen et al. "Peracetic acid (PAA)-based pretreatment effectively improves medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 20 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Yufen , Guo, Haixiao , Li, Xuecheng , Chen, Xueming , Peng, Lai , Zhu, Tingting et al. Peracetic acid (PAA)-based pretreatment effectively improves medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 20 . |
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The discovery of complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) has subverted the traditional perception of twostep nitrification, which plays a key role in achieving biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Floccular sludge-based treatment technologies are being applied at the majority of wastewater treatment plants in service where detection of various abundances and activities of comammox bacteria have been reported. However, limited efforts have been made to enrich and subsequently characterize comammox bacteria in floccular sludge. To this end, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in the step-feeding mode was applied in this work to enrich comammox bacteria through controlling appropriate operational conditions (dissolved oxygen of 0.5 +/- 0.1 g-O2/m3, influent ammonium of 40 g-N/m3 and uncontrolled longer sludge retention time). After 215-d operation, comammox bacteria gradually gained competitive advantages over counterparts in the SBR with a stable nitrification efficiency of 92.2 +/- 2.2 %: the relative abundance of Nitrospira reached 42.9 +/- 1.3 %, which was 13 times higher than that of Nitrosomonas, and the amoA gene level of comammox bacteria increased to 7.7 +/- 2.1 x 106 copies/g-biomass, nearly 50 times higher than that of conventional ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The enrichment of comammox bacteria, especially Clade A Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa, in the floccular sludge led to (i) apparent affinity constants for ammonium and oxygen of 3.296 +/- 0.989 g-N/m3 and 0.110 +/- 0.004 g-O2/m3, respectively, and (ii) significantly low N2O and NO production, with emission factors being 0.136 +/- 0.026 % and 0.023 +/- 0.013 %, respectively.
Keyword ：
Complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) Complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) Floccular sludge Floccular sludge Nitrous oxide(N2O) Nitrous oxide(N2O) Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
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| GB/T 7714 | Hou, Jiaying , Zhu, Ying , Liu, Jinzhong et al. Competitive enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in floccular sludge [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 251 . |
| MLA | Hou, Jiaying et al. "Competitive enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in floccular sludge" . | WATER RESEARCH 251 (2024) . |
| APA | Hou, Jiaying , Zhu, Ying , Liu, Jinzhong , Lin, Limin , Zheng, Min , Yang, Linyan et al. Competitive enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in floccular sludge . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 251 . |
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The presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs) in waters has posed considerable threats to the environment and humans. In this work, a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system with the FeS2-modified carbon felt as the cathode (abbreviated as EF-SR) was proposed for the efficient degradation of PET MPs. The results showed that i) the EF-SR system removed 91.3 +/- 0.9 % of 100 mg/L PET after 12 h at the expense of trace loss (< 0.07 %) of [Fe] and that ii) dissolved organics and nanoplastics were first formed and accumulated and then quickly consumed in the EF-SR system. In addition to the destruction of the surface morphology, considerable changes in the surface structure of PET were noted after EF-SR treatment. On top of the emergence of the O-H bond, the ratio of C-O/C=O to C-C increased from 0.25 to 0.35, proving the rupture of the backbone of PET and the formation of oxygen-containing groups on the PET surface. With the verified involvement and contributions of SO4 center dot- and (OH,)-O-center dot three possible paths were proposed to describe the degradation of PET towards complete mineralization through chain cleavage and oxidation in the EF-SR system.
Keyword ：
Electro-Fenton Electro-Fenton Hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl radical Microplastics Microplastics Polyethylene terephthalate Polyethylene terephthalate Sulfate radical Sulfate radical
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| GB/T 7714 | Lin, Yinghui , Zhang, Yuehua , Wang, Yonghao et al. Efficient degradation and mineralization of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by the synergy of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system [J]. | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2024 , 478 . |
| MLA | Lin, Yinghui et al. "Efficient degradation and mineralization of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by the synergy of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system" . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 478 (2024) . |
| APA | Lin, Yinghui , Zhang, Yuehua , Wang, Yonghao , Lv, Yuancai , Yang, Linyan , Chen, Zhijie et al. Efficient degradation and mineralization of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by the synergy of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2024 , 478 . |
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Producing medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) is crucial for sustainable chemical industries. This study addressed the electron donor requirement for MCFAs production by inoculating Lactobacillus at varying concentrations (7.94 x 10(10), 3.18 x 10(11), and 6.35 x 10(11) cell/L) to supply lactate internally. Interestingly, the highest MCFAs yield (similar to 2000 mg COD/L) occurred at the lowest Lactobacillus inoculation. Higher inoculation concentrations redirected more carbon from WAS towards alcohols production rather than MCFAs generation, with up to 2852 mg COD/L alcohols obtained under 6.35 x 10(11) cell/L inoculation. Clostridium dominance and increased genes abundance for substrate hydrolysis, lactate conversion, and MCFAs/alcohol production collectively enhanced WAS-derived MCFAs and alcohols synthesis after Lactobacillus inoculation. Overall, the strategy of Lactobacillus inoculation regulated fermentation outcomes and subsequent carbon recovery in WAS, presenting a sustainable technology to achieve liquid bio-energy production from underutilized wet wastes.
Keyword ：
Chain elongation Chain elongation Liquid products Liquid products Metagenomic analysis Metagenomic analysis Self-supplied lactate Self-supplied lactate
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Lan , Ngo, Huu Hao , Wang, Chen et al. Lactobacillus inoculation mediated carboxylates and alcohols production from waste activated sludge fermentation system: Insight into process outcomes and metabolic network [J]. | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 409 . |
| MLA | Wu, Lan et al. "Lactobacillus inoculation mediated carboxylates and alcohols production from waste activated sludge fermentation system: Insight into process outcomes and metabolic network" . | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 409 (2024) . |
| APA | Wu, Lan , Ngo, Huu Hao , Wang, Chen , Hou, Yanan , Chen, Xueming , Guo, Wenshan et al. Lactobacillus inoculation mediated carboxylates and alcohols production from waste activated sludge fermentation system: Insight into process outcomes and metabolic network . | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 409 . |
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