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学者姓名：梁娟珠
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Accurate and continuous maps of maize distribution are essential for food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, there are no continuous national-scale and fine-resolution maize maps and explicit updated information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of maize for most countries. Maize mapping at the national scale is challenging due to the spectral heterogeneity caused by crop growth conditions, cropping patterns, and inter-annual variations. To this end, this study developed a novel crop index-based algorithm for national-scale maize mapping. Compared to other crops, maize is characterized by large-leaf-dominated canopies and high photosynthetic efficiency. Maize shows significant changes in chlorophyll and anthocyanin content. Therefore, a robust maize index was established by exploring the temporal Variation of the Vegetation-Pigment index (VVP) during the growing period. A simple decision rule was coded on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, which was used for maize mapping based on the Sentinel-2 time series in China and the contiguous United States (US) from 2018 to 2022. The national-scale 10 m annual maize maps for China and the contiguous US were developed and in good agreement with the corresponding agricultural statistics data for many years (R-2 > 0.94) and 9,412 reference points (overall accuracy of 90.09 %). Compared with simply applying the vegetation index, the VVP index took account of spectral heterogeneity caused by variations in crop growth conditions, cropping patterns, and inter-annual, and the omission error of maize was reduced by over 20 %. Moreover, the VVP index can significantly improve the spatial transferability of the Random Forest (RF) classifier. The first 10 m annual maize maps for China revealed that the planted area trend decreased and then increased from 2018 to 2022. The year 2020 was the turning point. The maize planted area consisted of 68 % single maize and 32 % double cropping with maize in 2020, with the northern boundary for double cropping with maize in the Yanshan Mountains. The maize planted area in China consistently decreased by 39,352 km(2) (about 9 %) from 2018 to 2020. This is mainly due to the adjustment of the maize-planted structure in the "Sickle Bend" region of China (the "Sickle Bend" policy). However, the maize planted area gradually recovered from 2020 to 2022, primarily concentrated in regions with ever-planted. This study will provide essential information for cropping structure adjustment and related agricultural policy formulation and contribute to sustainable agricultural development by mapping maize from a national to a global scale.
Keyword ：
Crop mapping Crop mapping Cross -region Cross -region Maize index Maize index National -scale National -scale Spatiotemporal variations Spatiotemporal variations
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Yingze , Qiu, Bingwen , Yang, Peng et al. National-scale 10 m annual maize maps for China and the contiguous United States using a robust index from Sentinel-2 time series [J]. | COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE , 2024 , 221 . |
| MLA | Huang, Yingze et al. "National-scale 10 m annual maize maps for China and the contiguous United States using a robust index from Sentinel-2 time series" . | COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 221 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Yingze , Qiu, Bingwen , Yang, Peng , Wu, Wenbin , Chen, Xuehong , Zhu, Xiaolin et al. National-scale 10 m annual maize maps for China and the contiguous United States using a robust index from Sentinel-2 time series . | COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE , 2024 , 221 . |
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Detecting the spatial organization patterns of urban networks with multiple traffic flows from the perspective of complex networks and traffic behavior will help to optimize the urban spatial structure and thereby promote the sustainable development of the city. However, there are notable differences in regional spatial patterns among the different modes of transportation. Based on the road, railway, and air frequency data, this article investigates the spatial distribution and accessibility patterns of multiple transportation flows in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Next, we use the TCD (Transportation Cluster Detection) community discovery algorithm and integrate it with the Baidu Maps API to obtain real-time time cost data to construct a community detection model of a multiple traffic flow network. We integrate the geographical network and topological network to perform feature extraction and rule mining on the spatial organization model of the urban network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results show that: (1) The multiple traffic flow network of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant spatial differentiation. The spatial differentiation of aviation and railway networks is mainly concentrated between regions and within provinces, while the imbalance of highway networks is manifested as an imbalance within regions and between provinces. (2) The accessibility pattern of the highway network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt presents a "core-edge" spatial pattern. The accessibility pattern of the railway network generally presents a spatial pattern of "strong in the east and weak in the west". Compared with sparse road and railway networks, the accessibility pattern of the aviation network shows a spatial pattern of "time and space compression in western cities". (3) A total of 24 communities were identified through the TCD algorithm, mainly encompassing six major "urban economic communities" located in Guizhou, Yunnan, Anhui, Sichuan-Chongqing, Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi, and Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai. (4) The urban network space organization model of the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be roughly divided into three models: the "single-core" model, with Guizhou, Kunming, and Hefei as the core, the "dual-core" model, constructed by Chengdu-Chongqing, and the "multi-core" model, constructed by Changsha-Wuhan-Nanchang and Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou. This model of urban network spatial organization holds indicative significance in revealing the spatial correlation pattern among prefecture-level city units.
Keyword ：
Baidu Maps Baidu Maps multiple traffic flow network multiple traffic flow network spatial organization model spatial organization model TCD algorithm TCD algorithm weighted average travel time weighted average travel time Yangtze River Economic Zone Yangtze River Economic Zone
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| GB/T 7714 | Liang, Juanzhu , Xie, Shunyi , Bao, Jinjian . Analysis of a Multiple Traffic Flow Network's Spatial Organization Pattern Recognition Based on a Network Map [J]. | SUSTAINABILITY , 2024 , 16 (3) . |
| MLA | Liang, Juanzhu et al. "Analysis of a Multiple Traffic Flow Network's Spatial Organization Pattern Recognition Based on a Network Map" . | SUSTAINABILITY 16 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Liang, Juanzhu , Xie, Shunyi , Bao, Jinjian . Analysis of a Multiple Traffic Flow Network's Spatial Organization Pattern Recognition Based on a Network Map . | SUSTAINABILITY , 2024 , 16 (3) . |
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Tea trees (Camellia sinensis), a quintessential homestead agroforestry crop cultivated in over 60 countries, hold significant economic and social importance as a vital specialty cash crop. Accurate nationwide crop data is imperative for effective agricultural management and resource regulation. However, many regions grapple with a lack of agroforestry cash crop data, impeding sustainable development and poverty eradication, especially in economically underdeveloped countries. The large-scale mapping of tea plantations faces substantial limitations and challenges due to their sparse distribution compared to field crops, unfamiliar characteristics, and spectral confusion among various land cover types (e.g., forests, orchards, and farmlands). To address these challenges, we developed the Manual management And Phenolics substance-based Tea mapping (MAP-Tea) framework by harnessing Sentinel-1/2 time series images for automated tea plantation mapping. Tea trees, exhibiting higher phenolic content, evergreen characteristics, and multiple shoot sprouting, result in extensive canopy coverage, stable soil exposure, and radar backscatter signal interference from frequent picking activities. We developed three phenology-based indicators focusing on phenolic content, vegetation coverage, and canopy texture leveraging the temporal features of vegetation, pigments, soil, and radar backscattering. Characteristics of biochemical substance content and manual management measures were applied to tea mapping for the first time. The MAP-Tea framework successfully generated China's first updated 10 m resolution tea plantation map in 2022. It achieved an overall accuracy of 94.87% based on 16,712 reference samples, with a kappa coefficient of 0.83 and an F1 score of 85.63%. The tea trees are typically cultivated in mountainous and hilly areas with a relatively low planting density (averaging about 10%). Alpine tea trees exhibited a notably dense concentration and dominance, mainly found in regions with elevations ranging from 700 m to 2000 m and slopes between 2 degrees to 18 degrees. The areas with low altitudes and slopes hold the largest tea plantation area and output. As the slope increased, there was a gradual decline in the dominance of tea areas. The results suggest a good potential for the knowledge-based approaches, combining biochemical substance content and human activities, for national-scale tea plantation mapping in complex environment conditions and challenging landscapes, providing important reference significance for mapping other agroforestry crops. This study contributes significantly to advancing the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) considering the crucial role that agroforestry crops play in fostering economic growth and alleviating poverty. The first 10m national Tea tree data products in China with good accuracy (ChinaTea10m) are publicly accessed at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare .25047308.
Keyword ：
Agroforestry crop mapping Agroforestry crop mapping Phenology-based algorithm Phenology-based algorithm Sentinel-1/2 Sentinel-1/2 Special cash crop Special cash crop Tea plantation Tea plantation
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| GB/T 7714 | Peng, Yufeng , Qiu, Bingwen , Tang, Zhenghong et al. Where is tea grown in the world: A robust mapping framework for agroforestry crop with knowledge graph and sentinels images [J]. | REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT , 2024 , 303 . |
| MLA | Peng, Yufeng et al. "Where is tea grown in the world: A robust mapping framework for agroforestry crop with knowledge graph and sentinels images" . | REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 303 (2024) . |
| APA | Peng, Yufeng , Qiu, Bingwen , Tang, Zhenghong , Xu, Weiming , Yang, Peng , Wu, Wenbin et al. Where is tea grown in the world: A robust mapping framework for agroforestry crop with knowledge graph and sentinels images . | REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT , 2024 , 303 . |
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The amount of actively cultivated land in China is increasingly threatened by rapid urbanization and rural population aging. Quantifying the extent and changes of active cropland and cropping intensity is crucial to global food security. However, national-scale datasets for smallholder agriculture are limited in spatiotemporal continuity, resolution, and precision. In this paper, we present updated annual Cropland Use Intensity maps in China (China-CUI10m) with descriptions of the extent of fallow/abandoned, actively cropped fields and cropping intensity at a 10-m resolution in recent six years (2018-2023). The dataset is produced by robust algorithms with no requirements for regional adjustments or intensive training samples, which take full advantage of the Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR and Sentinel-2 (S2) MSI time series. The China-CUI10m maps have achieved high accuracy when compared to ground truth data (Overall accuracy = 90.88%) and statistical data (R-2 > 0.94). This paper provides the recent trends in cropland abandonment and agricultural intensification in China, which contributes to facilitating geographic-targeted cropland use control policies towards sustainable intensification of smallholder agricultural systems in developing countries.
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiu, Bingwen , Liu, Baoli , Tang, Zhenghong et al. National-scale 10-m maps of cropland use intensity in China during 2018-2023 [J]. | SCIENTIFIC DATA , 2024 , 11 (1) . |
| MLA | Qiu, Bingwen et al. "National-scale 10-m maps of cropland use intensity in China during 2018-2023" . | SCIENTIFIC DATA 11 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Qiu, Bingwen , Liu, Baoli , Tang, Zhenghong , Dong, Jinwei , Xu, Weiming , Liang, Juanzhu et al. National-scale 10-m maps of cropland use intensity in China during 2018-2023 . | SCIENTIFIC DATA , 2024 , 11 (1) . |
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Monitoring vegetation photosynthesis in China's subtropical regions using remote sensing is challenging because of the complex ecosystems and climate variability. Previous studies often pay less attention on the influence of multiple climatic factors on the temporal effects (lag and accumulation) of vegetation photosynthesis, thereby underestimating their impact. This study utilizes a dataset comprising Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data (GOSIF product), MODIS Land Cover product (MCD12C1), and various climatic variables. Analytical methods including Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall test, partial correlation analysis, and the optimal parameter-based geographical detector (OPGD) model were employed to explore the temporal dynamics of subtropical vegetation SIF responses to climatic factors and to identify their climate drivers in subtropical China. The study findings indicate that (1) vegetation photosynthesis, as indicated by SIF, exhibited an increasing trend in the majority of Chinese subtropical regions, which constitute over 80 % of the study area, with particularly pronounced enhancements in the southern and central western parts of the Chinese subtropics. (2) Soil moisture primarily exhibits lag effects on SIF, particularly in evergreen needleleaf forests, deciduous broadleaf forests, and mixed forests, whereas temperature does not exhibit significant temporal effects. Solar radiation and vapor pressure deficits impact SIF through both lag and accumulation effects. Under the lag and accumulation effects, the proportion of significant correlations between climatic factors and vegetation SIF increases by 36.71 % similar to 43.8 %, excluding temperature. (3) Temperature is the dominant factor affecting vegetation SIF, particularly in the evergreen needleleaf forest. Interactions between climatic factors have a significantly stronger influence on SIF than individual factors. Notably, the explanatory power of the vapor pressure deficit increases substantially when it interacts with other factors. Studying the lag and accumulation effects of climatic factors on photosynthesis aids in accurately predicting vegetation responses to climate change, thereby improving the accuracy of global carbon cycle models and guiding the development of carbon sequestration management strategies.
Keyword ：
Carbon cycle Carbon cycle Climate change Climate change Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) Subtropical vegetation Subtropical vegetation Time-accumulation effect Time-accumulation effect Time-lag effect Time-lag effect Vegetation photosynthesis Vegetation photosynthesis
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| GB/T 7714 | Liang, Juanzhu , Han, Xueyang , Zhou, Yuke et al. Investigating the temporal lag and accumulation effect of climatic factors on vegetation photosynthetic activity over subtropical China [J]. | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS , 2024 , 166 . |
| MLA | Liang, Juanzhu et al. "Investigating the temporal lag and accumulation effect of climatic factors on vegetation photosynthetic activity over subtropical China" . | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 166 (2024) . |
| APA | Liang, Juanzhu , Han, Xueyang , Zhou, Yuke , Yan, Luyu . Investigating the temporal lag and accumulation effect of climatic factors on vegetation photosynthetic activity over subtropical China . | ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS , 2024 , 166 . |
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全球气候变化和人类活动导致干旱频率和强度持续增加.目前,干旱已经成为影响植被生长及多样性的关键因素,并进一步影响农业产量、生态系统稳定性和社会经济发展.因此,掌握植被动态与干旱的作用关系有助于揭示陆地生态系统的生理机制并制定有效的管理策略.本研究利用长时序日光诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)和归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)数据集(2001～2020),评估长江流域不同类型植被与气象干旱(SPEI指数)的作用关系.首先采用相关分析法得到SPEI与SIF(NDVI)的最大相关系数,并对比分析不同类型植被SIF和NDVI响应气象干旱的差异.其次应用改进的偏小波相干法,定量分析大尺度气候模式和太阳活动对植被与气象干旱关系的影响.结果表明:①2001～2020年间长江流域干旱发生频繁,且夏季的干湿状况对其全年气候影响最大;②SIF与SPEI的相关性优于NDVI与SPEI的相关性;③基于NDVI的植被响应时间(3～6个月)大于基于SIF的响应时间(1～4个月),其中耕地和草地的响应时间较短,常绿阔叶林和混交林的响应时间较长;④干旱与植被之间存在显著正相关性,周期性为4～16个月.太平洋十年涛动(PDO)、厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)和太阳黑子是影响干旱和植被关系的重要驱动因素,其中太阳黑子的影响最为显著.总体说明干旱严重威胁长江流域陆地生态系统的生长发展,SIF在监测干旱和植被响应中显示出较大的潜力和优势.研究结果对长江流域地区的干旱预测预警和生态系统保护规划具有参考意义.
Keyword ：
NDVI NDVI SIF SIF 植被动态 植被动态 气候变化 气候变化 气象干旱 气象干旱 长江流域 长江流域
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| GB/T 7714 | 邹丹 , 周玉科 , 董秀娟 et al. 长江流域植被与气象干旱的时空关联及归因分析 [J]. | 遥感技术与应用 , 2024 , 39 (5) : 1183-1195 . |
| MLA | 邹丹 et al. "长江流域植被与气象干旱的时空关联及归因分析" . | 遥感技术与应用 39 . 5 (2024) : 1183-1195 . |
| APA | 邹丹 , 周玉科 , 董秀娟 , 林金堂 , 王洪 , 梁娟珠 . 长江流域植被与气象干旱的时空关联及归因分析 . | 遥感技术与应用 , 2024 , 39 (5) , 1183-1195 . |
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Global climate change and human activities have increased the frequency and severity of droughts. This has become a critical factor affecting vegetation growth and diversity, resulting in detrimental effects on agricultural production, ecosystem stability, and socioeconomic development. Therefore, assessing the response of vegetation dynamics to drought can offer valuable insights into the physiological mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we applied long-term datasets (2001-2020) of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to unveil vegetation dynamics and their relationship to meteorological drought (SPEI) across different vegetation types in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). Linear correlation analysis was conducted to determine the maximum association of SPEI with SIF and NDVI; we then compared their responses to meteorological drought. The improved partial wavelet coherence (PWC) method was utilized to quantitatively assess the influences of large-scale climate patterns and solar activity on the relationship between vegetation and meteorological drought. The results show that: (1) Droughts were frequent in the YRB from 2001 to 2020, and the summer's dry and wet conditions exerted a notable influence on the annual climate. (2) SPEI exhibits a more significant correlation with SIF than with NDVI. (3) NDVI has a longer response time (3-6 months) to meteorological drought than SIF (1-4 months). Both SIF and NDVI respond faster in cropland and grassland but slower in evergreen broadleaf and mixed forests. (4) There exists a significant positive correlation between vegetation and meteorological drought during the 4-16 months period. The teleconnection factors of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and sunspots are crucial drivers that affect the interaction between meteorological drought and vegetation, with sunspots having the most significant impact. Generally, our study indicates that drought is an essential environmental stressor that disrupts vegetation growth over the YRB. Additionally, SIF demonstrates great potential in monitoring vegetation response to drought. These findings will be meaningful for drought prevention and ecosystem conservation planning in the YRB.
Keyword ：
climate change climate change meteorological drought meteorological drought NDVI NDVI SIF SIF vegetation dynamics vegetation dynamics Yangtze River Basin Yangtze River Basin
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| GB/T 7714 | Dong, Xiujuan , Zhou, Yuke , Liang, Juanzhu et al. Assessment of Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Effect of the Relationship between Meteorological Drought and Vegetation Dynamics in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Remotely Sensed Data [J]. | REMOTE SENSING , 2023 , 15 (14) . |
| MLA | Dong, Xiujuan et al. "Assessment of Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Effect of the Relationship between Meteorological Drought and Vegetation Dynamics in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Remotely Sensed Data" . | REMOTE SENSING 15 . 14 (2023) . |
| APA | Dong, Xiujuan , Zhou, Yuke , Liang, Juanzhu , Zou, Dan , Wu, Jiapei , Wang, Jiaojiao . Assessment of Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Effect of the Relationship between Meteorological Drought and Vegetation Dynamics in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Remotely Sensed Data . | REMOTE SENSING , 2023 , 15 (14) . |
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Owing to the rapid advent of urbanization and the increasing demand for medical services by residents, the pressure on medical services in densely populated areas is surging. The analysis of the accessibility of medical service facilities is of primordial importance. In this study, the medical data was garnered from the Fuzhou Municipal Health Commission, and the crawler technology was used to yield the number of residential households to estimate the population. By use of the Baidu map to obtain the real time road condition information of the peak and non-peak time periods, the access time under the optimal route from the community residential districts to the hospital based on the real-time road condition was calculated, and the time zones of medical services were drawn. The accessibility of general hospitals in the main urban area of Fuzhou was analyzed using the two-step mobile (Ga-2SFCA) search method boosted by the Gaussian distance attenuation function, considering factors such as the travel mode, searching time threshold, and travel peak hours. The results yielded show that: (1) By integrating Baidu Map API into Ga-2SFCA model, multivariate and fine-grained analysis of accessibility was implemented, leading to the accurate measurement of urban medical service supply and demand; (2) The time cost of public transportation at different periods was less affected by traffic congestion, and reaching tertiary hospitals was faster. Under the premise of advocating green transportation, this mode of public transportation was recommended for medical treatment; (3) Under different conditions, the accessibility of medical facilities depended on the space of residential differentiation characteristics significantly, on the whole presenting a 'single center' and 'diminishing layer coil' distribution. High accessibility of residential areas was mainly distributed in urban core areas, and the lower level of accessibility settlement distribution was in the peripheral urban areas. However, other factors can also influence accessibility, such as the time threshold. The accessibility level of medical services markedly differed with the transportation mode, and the accessibility of medical services was significantly higher along the subway. The choice of off-peak travel time can effectively improve the level of medical service; (4) Due to the layout of urban expressways, the spatial distribution of medical accessibility in driving mode was consistent with that of roads, presenting a 'loop level' pattern. However, the spatial distribution of accessibility under the public transport mode was affected by the urban bus microcirculation system, displaying the trait of 'axial expansion.' The method used in this paper provides a new scientific method for refined measurement and analysis of the accessibility of medical service facilities. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved.
Keyword ：
Catchments Catchments Cost benefit analysis Cost benefit analysis Costs Costs Economics Economics Hospitals Hospitals Housing Housing Land use Land use Motor transportation Motor transportation Population statistics Population statistics Roads and streets Roads and streets Traffic congestion Traffic congestion Travel time Travel time Urban transportation Urban transportation
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Chenchen , Liang, Juanzhu . Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities based on Multiple Transportation Modes of Network Map [J]. | Journal of Geo-Information Science , 2022 , 24 (3) : 483-494 . |
| MLA | Guo, Chenchen et al. "Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities based on Multiple Transportation Modes of Network Map" . | Journal of Geo-Information Science 24 . 3 (2022) : 483-494 . |
| APA | Guo, Chenchen , Liang, Juanzhu . Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities based on Multiple Transportation Modes of Network Map . | Journal of Geo-Information Science , 2022 , 24 (3) , 483-494 . |
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以中国长江三角洲城市群为研究区,选取全球人造不透水面、可见光红外成像辐射仪(VIIRS)夜间灯光、道路、人口等多源数据,从土地利用、人类活动、道路设施3个视角出发构建分区指标,基于人工神经网络对长三角城市群地域空间进行划分,并探讨城市边缘区的时空分异与扩展特征.结果表明:使用多源数据与人工神经网络方法识别城市边缘区具有可行性,空间分区的3个指标较为合理;使用自组织特征映射模型将长三角城市群分为城市核心区、城市边缘区、乡村地区3类;2012-2018年间城市边缘区占长三角城市群总面积的比例由7.82％增长至11.27％,年均空间扩展强度指数为7.35％,城市边缘区面积扩展呈现集聚特征,热点区主要位于江苏省大部及浙江省北部,冷点区则分布于安徽省大部和浙江省南部.
Keyword ：
城市边缘区 城市边缘区 扩展特征 扩展特征 空间分区 空间分区 自组织特征映射模型 自组织特征映射模型 长三角城市群 长三角城市群
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| GB/T 7714 | 梁娟珠 , 徐泽潭 . 长三角城市群空间分区与城市边缘区的扩展特征分析 [J]. | 华侨大学学报（自然科学版） , 2022 , 43 (1) : 102-110 . |
| MLA | 梁娟珠 et al. "长三角城市群空间分区与城市边缘区的扩展特征分析" . | 华侨大学学报（自然科学版） 43 . 1 (2022) : 102-110 . |
| APA | 梁娟珠 , 徐泽潭 . 长三角城市群空间分区与城市边缘区的扩展特征分析 . | 华侨大学学报（自然科学版） , 2022 , 43 (1) , 102-110 . |
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Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) impacts local energy and water balance and promotes a net carbon emission to the atmosphere globally. Based on the latest released annual ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) global land cover dataset, which provides long time sequenced land cover changes at 300 m resolution from 1992 to 2015, the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving forces of major land cover change along the Belt and Road Initiative were analyzed. Results indicated that cropland, grassland, and built-up land increased by 190.00×103 km2, 57.97×103 km2, and 260.39×103 km2, respectively, whereas forest, shrub, wetland, and water decreased by 61.14×103 km2, 34.22×103 km2, 74.28×103 km2, and 44.41×103 km2, respectively. In addition, the spatial patterns of land cover changes during 2000—2015 in the Belt and Road Initiative was consistent with that of the period 1992—2000. However, some new characteristics of land cover changes emerged in different regions of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2000—2015. The rates of built-up land expansion and forest loss increased in Southeast Asia, whereas the rates of cropland growth and shrub loss decreased significantly. The built-up land continued to expand at a high speed, and the area of grassland increased in East Asia, whereas the area of cropland continued to decrease, and the rate of forest loss has dropped significantly. The expansion rate of built-up land decreased in Central and Eastern Europe, whereas the rate of cropland shrinkage accelerated. In Russia, built-up land expansion slowed down continually, and forest area increased slightly. In addition, the growth rates of grassland and shrub decreased in Russia. The analysis further shows that population growth, climate change, socio-economic development, and government-related policies are the main drivers of land cover change in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. © 2022 National Remote Sensing Bulletin. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Climate change Climate change Economics Economics Expansion Expansion Forestry Forestry Land use Land use Population statistics Population statistics Remote sensing Remote sensing Roads and streets Roads and streets
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| GB/T 7714 | Hai, Kai , Wang, Siyuan , Tu, Ping et al. Spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of recent 1992—2015 land cover change in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative [J]. | National Remote Sensing Bulletin , 2022 , 26 (6) : 1220-1235 . |
| MLA | Hai, Kai et al. "Spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of recent 1992—2015 land cover change in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative" . | National Remote Sensing Bulletin 26 . 6 (2022) : 1220-1235 . |
| APA | Hai, Kai , Wang, Siyuan , Tu, Ping , Yang, Ruixia , Ma, Yuanxu , Liang, Juanzhu et al. Spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of recent 1992—2015 land cover change in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative . | National Remote Sensing Bulletin , 2022 , 26 (6) , 1220-1235 . |
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