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Abstract ：
The explosive properties of methane-ethane mixtures with different concentrations and ethane proportions (phi value) were studied in a 1 m(3) spherical vessel, along with the inhibitory effects of N-2 and CO2. The results indicate that when the concentration of the total gas mixture was 10%, P-max and (dp/dt)(max) first increased and then decreased with the increase of phi. In contrast, for total gas mixture concentrations of 8% and 12%, P-max and (dp/dt)(max) showed a single change. Under the test conditions of this experiment, P-max reached its maximum value when the total gas mixture concentration was 10% and phi = 0.1. The explosion suppression of gas mixtures showed that both N-2 and CO2 could significantly reduce P-max and (dp/dt)(max) when their volume fractions increased to 9%. While the continued addition of N-2 and CO2 did not significantly reduce P-max and (dp/dt)(max), it further delayed the arrival time of the peak, with a greater magnitude of delay for CO2. Regarding the flame propagation process, the same volume fraction of CO2 can reduce the flame propagation speed more effectively, and the bottom of the flame is more significantly affected by buoyancy instability.
Keyword ：
explosion pressure explosion pressure flame propagation flame propagation gas mixtures gas mixtures inert inhibitory gas inert inhibitory gas
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Jingui , Hu, Xingwang , Hu, Qiangqiang et al. Experimental study on the effects of N2 and CO2 inerting on methane-ethane-air deflagrations [J]. | PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS , 2025 . |
| MLA | Wang, Jingui et al. "Experimental study on the effects of N2 and CO2 inerting on methane-ethane-air deflagrations" . | PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Jingui , Hu, Xingwang , Hu, Qiangqiang , Liang, Zhixing , Zhang, Su . Experimental study on the effects of N2 and CO2 inerting on methane-ethane-air deflagrations . | PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS , 2025 . |
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To mitigate the damage caused by methane explosions, this paper conducts experiments on methane explosion suppression by CO2 and air (for comparison)-driven NaHCO3 powder using a 1 m3 spherical explosion test system. The results indicate that the explosion suppression effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of NaHCO3 powder concentration. Driven by air, as the concentration of NaHCO3 powder increases, the flame becomes darker and the propagation speed slows down. After adding 700 g/m3 NaHCO3 powder, methane cannot be ignited. The significant concentration range for explosion suppression efficiency is between 200 g/m3 and 500 g/m3. Driven by CO2, the flame evolves more slowly, the flame shape is more irregular, and the flame brightness is lower. Compared with air propulsion, the required NaHCO3 powder for complete explosion suppression is reduced by 100 g/m3, and the required NaHCO3 for related explosion suppression effects is reduced by 100 g/m3. The explosion suppression effect of CO2 driven NaHCO3 powder is superior to the sum of the suppression effects of high-pressure CO2 gas injection and air driven NaHCO3 powder. The explosion suppression effect of CO2 enables NaHCO3 powder to fully decompose and exert the best inhibitory effect; The CO2 generated by the decomposition of NaHCO3 can further enhance the suppression effect of CO2, and the two can thus produce a synergistic inhibitory effect.
Keyword ：
CO2 CO2 Explosion pressure Explosion pressure Explosion suppression mechanism Explosion suppression mechanism Methane explosion suppression Methane explosion suppression NaHCO3 powder NaHCO3 powder
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Jingui , Chen, Jianjun , Zhu, Hangqin et al. Experimental study on methane explosion suppression by CO2-driven NaHCO3 powder [J]. | FUEL , 2025 , 386 . |
| MLA | Wang, Jingui et al. "Experimental study on methane explosion suppression by CO2-driven NaHCO3 powder" . | FUEL 386 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Jingui , Chen, Jianjun , Zhu, Hangqin , Xue, Shaojun , Zhang, Su . Experimental study on methane explosion suppression by CO2-driven NaHCO3 powder . | FUEL , 2025 , 386 . |
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在自主设计的长度和内径均为25 cm的圆柱形容器中,开展了不同掺氢比(x)的氢气-甲烷-空气泄爆实验.实验结果表明:X对容器内部超压有显著影响,容器内共出现三类压力峰值(p1、p2、p3).p1是泄放速率超过了燃烧产物生成率导致的,并出现在x＜0.9的实验中,其幅值几乎不受x的影响;P2由声学振荡产生并且出现在0.45≤x≤0.9的实验中;p3是火焰燃烧面积达到最大值产生,仅出现在X=1的情况下.声学振荡造成的超压峰值随着x单调增加,在发生声学振荡时,火焰表面会出现周期性的细小胞格,并且声学振荡的频率与细小胞格出现的频率相近.X＜0.3时,容器内只存在一个压力峰值p1;X＞0.3时,容器内最大超压随着x单调增加.x＞0.15时,外部爆炸的最大超压也随着x的增加而增加.
Keyword ：
声学振荡 声学振荡 外部爆炸 外部爆炸 掺氢比 掺氢比 火焰传播 火焰传播 爆炸超压 爆炸超压
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| GB/T 7714 | 王昊哲 , 郭进 , 吴佳晗 et al. 掺氢比对氢气-甲烷-空气燃爆特性的影响 [J]. | 工程热物理学报 , 2025 , 46 (2) : 669-678 . |
| MLA | 王昊哲 et al. "掺氢比对氢气-甲烷-空气燃爆特性的影响" . | 工程热物理学报 46 . 2 (2025) : 669-678 . |
| APA | 王昊哲 , 郭进 , 吴佳晗 , 张瀚文 , 张苏 . 掺氢比对氢气-甲烷-空气燃爆特性的影响 . | 工程热物理学报 , 2025 , 46 (2) , 669-678 . |
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为分析我国船舶自沉事故规律特征与事故原因,统计分析2013-2023年我国水域发生的201起船舶自沉事故,探究事故发生时间、事故水域、船舶吨位、船舶类型、船龄等分布特征,基于灰色关联分析法(GRA)对船舶自沉事故致因进行分析.研究结果表明:3、11、12 月份船舶自沉事故呈多发态势;2:00-4:00时段为事故高发频段;广东水域为事故高发区域;500总吨以下船舶、干散货船船舶类型、10～15年船龄等参数的涉事船舶发生自沉事故频次最多;"人、物、环、管"4 个方面的关键致因分别为船员不适任、船舶结构缺陷、气象条件恶劣、安全管理不到位.
Keyword ：
事故原因 事故原因 事故特征 事故特征 灰色关联分析 灰色关联分析 船舶自沉事故 船舶自沉事故
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| GB/T 7714 | 张苏 , 聂晓琴 , 高梦瑶 et al. 2013-2023年我国船舶自沉事故统计与规律分析 [J]. | 工业安全与环保 , 2025 , 51 (5) : 45-50 . |
| MLA | 张苏 et al. "2013-2023年我国船舶自沉事故统计与规律分析" . | 工业安全与环保 51 . 5 (2025) : 45-50 . |
| APA | 张苏 , 聂晓琴 , 高梦瑶 , 张彤 . 2013-2023年我国船舶自沉事故统计与规律分析 . | 工业安全与环保 , 2025 , 51 (5) , 45-50 . |
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A crucial industry for improving society's sustainable development is the power sector. To address issues with the ineffectiveness of electric power emergency response during emergencies and the unclear division of duty among emergency subjects. A prefecture-level city power supply company to respond to the "In-Fa" typhoon, for example, to build a "1 + N" two-level emergency rapid response unit. Furthermore, it is proposed from the emergency response, emergency coordination, emergency material reserves, etc., to build a "full-chain" type of power emergency quick reaction system. Case studies have revealed that the quick response system's emergency combat capability, catastrophe preventive and mitigation capability, and emergency security capability have all improved. The construction of a "full-chain" type of power emergency rapid response system specialized and standardized the power emergency response system and provided a reference basis for the power industry's emergency response.
Keyword ：
Electric power system Electric power system Emergency quick response Emergency quick response Internal and external coordination Internal and external coordination Multi -linkage Multi -linkage Standardization Standardization
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Su , Liu, Xiaolu , Wang, Jingui . Research on the construction of a "full-chain" rapid response system for power emergencies [J]. | HELIYON , 2024 , 10 (4) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Su et al. "Research on the construction of a "full-chain" rapid response system for power emergencies" . | HELIYON 10 . 4 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Su , Liu, Xiaolu , Wang, Jingui . Research on the construction of a "full-chain" rapid response system for power emergencies . | HELIYON , 2024 , 10 (4) . |
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为完善和推动事故致因理论的发展,提高事故防控水平,在对信息流事故致因模型(IFAM)和事故致因2-4模型(24Model)理论基础、组成要素和分析过程对比研究的基础上,通过实例分析辨识二者之间的异同.研究结果表明:IFAM与24Model都有较强的理论基础,部分组成要素存在对应关系,但原因类别划分存在差异.IFAM以信息流和组织为研究对象,研究过程相对复杂,更适用于分析单起事故;24Model以组织为研究对象,事故原因模块通用性和逻辑性强,适用于分析单起或某类事故.在实际应用中,IFAM与24Model均可用于事故调查分析和事故分级定责,具有一定的理论和实践价值.IFAM通过信息流表征事故致因,直观描述组织外部原因因素,但对个体能力的深入研究欠缺;而24Model认为组织外部因素需要通过组织内部原因模块的欠缺体现,认为个体能力是引发事故的间接原因并进行细致分析,但对组织间相关关系的探究欠缺.研究结果可为事故预防工作提供新视角和理论支撑.
Keyword ：
事故致因 事故致因 事故致因2-4模型(24Model) 事故致因2-4模型(24Model) 信息流事故致因模型(IFAM) 信息流事故致因模型(IFAM) 对比研究 对比研究 道路交通事故 道路交通事故
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| GB/T 7714 | 刘晓露 , 严玉琼 , 张苏 et al. IFAM与24Model的对比研究 [J]. | 中国安全生产科学技术 , 2024 , 20 (9) : 233-240 . |
| MLA | 刘晓露 et al. "IFAM与24Model的对比研究" . | 中国安全生产科学技术 20 . 9 (2024) : 233-240 . |
| APA | 刘晓露 , 严玉琼 , 张苏 , 高梦瑶 , 聂晓琴 . IFAM与24Model的对比研究 . | 中国安全生产科学技术 , 2024 , 20 (9) , 233-240 . |
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To investigate the effects of venting areas on the structural response of the vessel walls to an explosion, a series of vented explosion experiments of a 10% methane-air mixture were carried out in a 1 m3 rectangular vessel with different venting areas. The adjustable area explosion vent was on the top of the rectangular container, and a piece of aluminum membrane bolted with a flange was used as a vent cover. The vibration acceleration rates and internal overpressures were recorded by an acceleration sensor and a pressure sensor, respectively, the flame propagation images were captured by a high-speed camera during deflagration and the frequency-time distributions of signals were obtained by using the short-time fast Fourier transform. The following conclusions could be obtained by analyzing acceleration rates, internal overpressures, flame propagation images and frequency-time distributions of signals. (1) The change trends of vibration acceleration and internal overpressure are similar, and both have obvious double peaks, but the vibration acceleration peak appears slightly later than the overpressure. As the dimensionless coefficient increases, the first peak of internal overpressure and vibration acceleration increases, and the second peak first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases. (2) Two types of structural response with different amplitudes and frequency distributions were observed. The low-amplitude vibrations are triggered by the combined effects of flame initial propagation, Helmholtz-type oscillations, and Taylor instability, while the high-amplitude vibrations are triggered by the coupling of sound waves and flames. (3) Before the flames are ejected from the vent, the average velocities of the upper flames decrease with the increase of the dimensionless coefficient and the flames are ejected from the vent earlier when the dimensionless coefficient is smaller. (4) Under the current experimental conditions, the thermoacoustic coupling phenomenon is the most violent when the dimensionless coefficient is 25.00, as characterized by the maximum amplitude vibration response and maximum energy high-frequency oscillation. As the dimensionless coefficient further increases or decreases, the thermoacoustic coupling phenomenon gradually attenuates. © 2022, Editorial Staff of EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES. All right reserved.
Keyword ：
Acceleration Acceleration Combustion Combustion Explosions Explosions Explosives Explosives Fast Fourier transforms Fast Fourier transforms Flammability Flammability High speed cameras High speed cameras Methane Methane Thermoacoustics Thermoacoustics Vents Vents
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Jingui , Hu, Chao , Luo, Feiyun et al. Experimental study on the effects of venting area on the structural response of vessel walls to methane-air mixture deflagration [J]. | Explosion and Shock Waves , 2022 , 42 (4) . |
| MLA | Wang, Jingui et al. "Experimental study on the effects of venting area on the structural response of vessel walls to methane-air mixture deflagration" . | Explosion and Shock Waves 42 . 4 (2022) . |
| APA | Wang, Jingui , Hu, Chao , Luo, Feiyun , Zhang, Su . Experimental study on the effects of venting area on the structural response of vessel walls to methane-air mixture deflagration . | Explosion and Shock Waves , 2022 , 42 (4) . |
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为科学处理高校化学实验室风险评估过程中的模糊性和灰色性问题,基于最优最劣法及灰色聚类法,构建高校化学实验室风险评估模型.首先,以事故致因24Model为基础,建立评价指标体系;其次,利用最优最劣法确定评价指标的权重,以降低指标赋权的主观性;最后,运用灰色聚类法评定实验室安全等级,并将该方法应用于某高校化学实验室的风险评估.结果表明:该方法有利于降低层次分析法中因繁琐的两两比较而导致的主观错误,评价结果更为合理有效.
Keyword ：
24Model 24Model 层次分析法 层次分析法 最优最劣法 最优最劣法 灰色聚类 灰色聚类 高校化学实验室 高校化学实验室
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| GB/T 7714 | 魏林慧 , 张苏 . 基于BWM—灰色聚类法的高校化学实验室风险评估 [J]. | 安全 , 2022 , 43 (11) : 23-31 . |
| MLA | 魏林慧 et al. "基于BWM—灰色聚类法的高校化学实验室风险评估" . | 安全 43 . 11 (2022) : 23-31 . |
| APA | 魏林慧 , 张苏 . 基于BWM—灰色聚类法的高校化学实验室风险评估 . | 安全 , 2022 , 43 (11) , 23-31 . |
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为了量化分析高校实验室事故中的不安全动作和不安全物态及其产生的风险,统计了2001—2019年77起高校化学实验室事故.以事故致因"2-4"模型为理论基础,对不安全动作和不安全物态进行分析,将各个环节的不安全风险后果和发生概率设为随机变量,构建了基于蒙特卡罗法的风险评估模型.通过确定变量的概率分布,并运用敏感性分析方法得出不安全动作和不安全物态对评估结果的影响程度,同时提出针对性的高校实验室事故预防措施.研究结果表明,材料试剂的使用环节风险最大,其次为违规操作、材料试剂存放混乱,设备或防护装置故障、缺陷或缺失等.
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| GB/T 7714 | 张苏 , 王雅先 , 王金贵 . 基于蒙特卡罗法的高校实验室行为风险分析 [J]. | 实验技术与管理 , 2021 , 38 (9) : 279-284 . |
| MLA | 张苏 et al. "基于蒙特卡罗法的高校实验室行为风险分析" . | 实验技术与管理 38 . 9 (2021) : 279-284 . |
| APA | 张苏 , 王雅先 , 王金贵 . 基于蒙特卡罗法的高校实验室行为风险分析 . | 实验技术与管理 , 2021 , 38 (9) , 279-284 . |
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Stratified vapor?air mixtures are formed owing to evaporation after crude oil leaks in confined spaces. The concentration distribution, ignitability of the stratified vapor, flame propagation in it, and pressure buildup owing to combustion must be investigated to obtain knowledge for explosion protection and mitigation. In this study, the concentration distribution of the vapor above a 1.0-mm-thick crude oil layer in a horizontal duct was measured, and the effects of the ignition delay (tig) on the ignitability, flame behavior, and combustion overpressure were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the average concentration gradient of vapor decreased with the evaporation of the crude oil layer. The stratified vapor could be ignited from 10 to 50 min, after fuel supply, by an electric spark 150 mm above the oil surface. A two-zone flame structure including a blue premixed flame and yellow diffusion flame was observed, and the flame was farther from the oil surface as tig increased. The maximum horizontal speed of the blue flame tip and overpressure owing to combustion initially increased and then decreased as tig increased from 10 to 50 min. The yellow diffusion flame had an important function in the maximum explosion overpressure. A maximum overpressure of 530 kPa was measured at tig = 25 min, which was 80 kPa higher than that of stratified gasoline vapor obtained under nearly identical conditions in previous research.
Keyword ：
Concentration gradient Concentration gradient Crude oil vapor Crude oil vapor Flame Flame Overpressure Overpressure
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Guoliang , Guo, Jin , Zhang, Jiaqing et al. Experimental study on flame propagation through stratified crude oil vapor in a horizontal duct [J]. | FUEL , 2021 , 294 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Guoliang et al. "Experimental study on flame propagation through stratified crude oil vapor in a horizontal duct" . | FUEL 294 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhang, Guoliang , Guo, Jin , Zhang, Jiaqing , Guo, Yi , Li, Changhai , Zhang, Su . Experimental study on flame propagation through stratified crude oil vapor in a horizontal duct . | FUEL , 2021 , 294 . |
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