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学者姓名：汤龙飞
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Abstract ：
根据永磁开关动作的一般分合闸时间,提出一种永磁开关断路器参数实时观测的神经网络加速计算模型.以双稳态永磁断路器为观测对象,分合闸线圈电流和分合闸线圈磁通为输入,动铁心位移为期望,搭建BP神经网络观测模型.随后,结合现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)嵌入式芯片的结构特点和运行方式,提出矩阵乘法、激活函数的并行运算和"串行循环"的结构设计,构建嵌入式模型,提高实时计算的速度.最后,将神经网络编译至嵌入式硬件中,通过硬件实验检测模型的运算周期和观测精度.
Keyword ：
位移观测 位移观测 双稳态永磁断路器 双稳态永磁断路器 现场可编程逻辑门阵列 现场可编程逻辑门阵列 神经网络 神经网络
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| GB/T 7714 | 潘鹏辉 , 汤龙飞 . 永磁断路器参数实时观测的神经网络加速计算模型设计 [J]. | 福州大学学报（自然科学版） , 2025 , 53 (3) : 294-301 . |
| MLA | 潘鹏辉 等. "永磁断路器参数实时观测的神经网络加速计算模型设计" . | 福州大学学报（自然科学版） 53 . 3 (2025) : 294-301 . |
| APA | 潘鹏辉 , 汤龙飞 . 永磁断路器参数实时观测的神经网络加速计算模型设计 . | 福州大学学报（自然科学版） , 2025 , 53 (3) , 294-301 . |
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Abstract ：
双稳态永磁操动机构分合闸线圈共用磁路,导致分合闸气隙磁通相互耦合,难以灵活控制永磁开关的动作特性,制约着开关的性能.针对这一问题,该文引入有限集模型预测控制,设计了双稳态永磁操作机构分合闸气隙磁通的解耦控制方法.首先,通过理论分析得出影响操动机构矢量磁力变化的本质参量"分合闸气隙的磁通平方差";其次,设计磁通预测模型,对下一时刻分合闸气隙磁通进行预测;然后,将分合闸气隙磁通及机构驱动电路视作整体,构建开关状态集与代价函数;最后,在多个控制周期的滚动优化过程中,使分合闸气隙磁通快速趋近于各自参考值,实现解耦控制.通过仿真与实验,证实了该方法在显著降低双稳态永磁操作机构操作功的同时,能够有效提高机构的响应速度与控制灵活性.
Keyword ：
双稳态永磁操动机构 双稳态永磁操动机构 有限集模型预测控制 有限集模型预测控制 永磁开关 永磁开关 解耦控制 解耦控制
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 陈明俊 , 栾世旭 . 双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术 [J]. | 电工技术学报 , 2025 , 40 (8) : 2441-2450,2463 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 等. "双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术" . | 电工技术学报 40 . 8 (2025) : 2441-2450,2463 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 陈明俊 , 栾世旭 . 双稳态永磁操动机构气隙磁通解耦控制技术 . | 电工技术学报 , 2025 , 40 (8) , 2441-2450,2463 . |
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Abstract ：
The permanent magnet operating mechanism applied to low voltage switch is generally divided into monostable and bistable permanent magnet mechanism. For the opening and closing of the bistable permanent magnet mechanism, two independent coils are generally used for control. However, due to the common magnetic circuit of the opening coil and the closing coil, the coil coupling will occur in the mechanism's opening and closing, so that the coil fluxs loss. This paper presents the design method of a magnetic resistance permanent magnet mechanism for low voltage switch. By improving the core structure of the mechanism, the flow path of the coil flux is optimized and the loss caused by the coil coupling is reduced. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to build a permanent magnet mechanism model and conduct static and dynamic simulation. According to the simulation results, the action characteristics of the magnetic resistance mechanism and the traditional mechanism were compared. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.
Keyword ：
Electric coils Electric coils Magnetic circuits Magnetic circuits Multiprocessing programs Multiprocessing programs Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Zero voltage switching Zero voltage switching
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Ruitao , Chen, Hong , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Resistance Type Permanent Magnet Mechanism for Low Voltage Switch [C] . 2025 : 571-578 . |
| MLA | Wang, Ruitao 等. "Design of Magnetic Resistance Type Permanent Magnet Mechanism for Low Voltage Switch" . (2025) : 571-578 . |
| APA | Wang, Ruitao , Chen, Hong , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Resistance Type Permanent Magnet Mechanism for Low Voltage Switch . (2025) : 571-578 . |
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The operation process of the Bistable permanent magnet circuit breaker (PMCB) is a highly nonlinear and fast time-varying system, so it’s difficult to accurately observe the dynamic displacement, and the addition of displacement sensors has defects such as difficulty in installation, high cost and poor reliability. Aiming at this problem, this article proposes a real-time displacement observation method without sensors for bistable PMCB. First, through magnetic circuit analysis and numerical simulation, it is proved that there exists a one-to-one mapping relationship between the state composed of four elements of the bistable permanent magnet mechanism’s breaking and closing coil currents, the flux linkage of the breaking and closing coils, and the displacement of the movable iron core; after that, an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced to fit the nonlinear mapping relationship, and rewritten into the embedded form, to complete the design of the real-time observer of the bistable PMCB’s displacement. Finally, the theoretical and practical effectiveness of the real-time observer is verified by co-simulation and rapid control prototype verification. The displacement real-time observer constructed in this article can provide real-time feedback signals for the subsequent velocity closed-loop control, displacement tracking control or synchronized breaking and closing control of the circuit breaker without the displacement sensor, which sets the stage for the high-performance sensorless control of permanent magnet switch. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
Keyword ：
Combinatorial circuits Combinatorial circuits Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Electric coils Electric coils Electric network analysis Electric network analysis Flux linkage Flux linkage Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Religious buildings Religious buildings Sensorless control Sensorless control
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Pan, Penghui . Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers [J]. | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2025 , 74 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers" . | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 74 (2025) . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Pan, Penghui . Real-Time Observation of Dynamic Displacement of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers . | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2025 , 74 . |
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Abstract ：
A Bi-stable permanent magnet actuator (BPMA) shares the same magnetic circuit as the breaking and closing coils, and the magnetic flux generated by any coil passes through the breaking and closing air gaps. The permanent magnet automatically distributes the permanent magnetic flux according to the dynamic reluctance of the air gaps. The electromagnetic flux and permanent magnetic flux in the upper and lower air gaps always cause the moving iron core to be coupled by two opposite magnetic forces. As the motion of the moving iron core and the change of coil current, the magnetic circuit quickly saturates, and the electromagnetic flux and permanent magnetic flux interact, exacerbating the complexity of nonlinear coupling in the breaking and closing air gaps. To flexibly control the action characteristics of permanent magnet switches, it is necessary to simultaneously control the air gap flux and the magnetic force pointing to the breaking and closing positions. Therefore, this paper proposes an air gap flux decoupling control method based on finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC). Decoupling control can be achieved by rapidly weakening the magnetic force pointing to the non-excited coil and rapidly increasing the magnetic force pointing to the excited coil. Firstly, according to the operating principle of BPMA, the vector magnetic force acting on the moving iron core depends on the 'magnetic flux squared difference' of the breaking and closing air gaps. Therefore, only controlling this vector magnetic flux square difference in real-time can dynamically control BPMA. Secondly, a predictive model of the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux is designed through discretization of the voltage balance equation, which can predict the magnetic flux at the next moment based on the voltage and current values collected at the current moment. Thirdly, the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux and the mechanism drive circuit are regarded as a whole. A set of switching states is constructed through the excitation intensity analysis under different switching states. Predictive magnetic flux is obtained by traversing all switching state combinations. Finally, a decoupling control cost function is designed, the predictive magnetic flux under different switching combinations is input into the cost function, and the optimal control is selected for the next control period. In rolling optimization over multiple control periods, the breaking and closing air gap magnetic flux quickly approaches their respective reference values, achieving decoupling control. A co-simulation platform for intelligent control is designed based on LabVIEW and Multisim, and hardware testing circuits are constructed. The simulation and experimental waveforms show that this proposed scheme can effectively control the breaking and closing air gap flux. As a result, the non-excited air gap flux to zero is quickly reduced, approaching the set reference value of the excited air gap flux and effectively weakening the coupling between the air gaps. Compared with the traditional current closed-loop control scheme, the proposed control scheme reduces the energy loss during the entire action process and improves the response and action time of the core action. © 2025 China Machine Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Cost functions Cost functions Magnetic variables control Magnetic variables control Model predictive control Model predictive control Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Predictive control systems Predictive control systems Robustness (control systems) Robustness (control systems) Saturation magnetization Saturation magnetization
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Mingjun , Luan, Shixu . Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator [J]. | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2025 , 40 (8) : 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei 等. "Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator" . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 40 . 8 (2025) : 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Mingjun , Luan, Shixu . Air Gap Flux Decoupling Control Technology for Bi-Stable Permanent Magnet Actuator . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2025 , 40 (8) , 2441-2450 and 2463 . |
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Abstract ：
The breaking and closing operation process of bi-stable permanent magnetic actuator (BPMA) is flexible and controllable, and can achieve the permanent magnet locking effect at the steady-state position. However, during its operation, the breaking and closing air gap electromagnetic and permanent magnet flux linkage are coupled, which will affect the action characteristics of the moving core. Therefore, this article constructs the voltage balance equation of the breaking and closing coils through the equivalent circuit of coil decoupling, and analyzes the parameters that affect the coupling phenomenon; Design a current closed-loop to control the actuator. Through co-simulation of LabVIEW and Multisim, analyze the influence of the electromotive force induced by the coupling phenomenon at each stage of the breaking and closing process, explore the mechanism of the coupling phenomenon, and the impact of the coupling effect on the action process; Finally, experimental waveforms were obtained through an embedded control system, and the accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing the simulated waveforms. This indicates the reliability of the coupling phenomenon analysis through simulation. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Equivalent circuits Equivalent circuits Flux linkage Flux linkage Locks (fasteners) Locks (fasteners) Magnetic actuators Magnetic actuators Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Reliability analysis Reliability analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator [C] . 2024 : 658-666 . |
| MLA | Chen, Mingjun 等. "Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator" . (2024) : 658-666 . |
| APA | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator . (2024) : 658-666 . |
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Abstract ：
Traditional bi-stable permanent magnet circuit breakers use two coils that share a common magnetic circuit to control the breaking and closing operations respectively. The electromagnetic coupling relationship involved in the dynamic process is more complex, not only in the respective magnetic circuits, there is mutual coupling between the permanent magnet magnetic field and the electromagnetic field, but also between the closing and breaking coils. Based on the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, this article designs a magnetic circuit separation bi-stable permanent magnet operating mechanism, adding the design of magnetic isolation to improve its magnetic field coupling and reduce the effect of magnetic field coupling on the motion characteristics of the mechanism. This article uses the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to model and calculate the operating mechanism, and produces a prototype based on the calculation results. The experimental results of the prototype demonstrate that the addition of magnetic isolation design meets the requirements for speed characteristics, while the response time is faster than the design without magnetic isolation, and the experimental result is more consistent with the simulation results. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Computer software Computer software Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic fields Finite element method Finite element method Magnetic circuits Magnetic circuits Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Timing circuits Timing circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jimin , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism [C] . 2024 : 59-67 . |
| MLA | Chen, Jimin 等. "Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism" . (2024) : 59-67 . |
| APA | Chen, Jimin , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism . (2024) : 59-67 . |
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This paper presents a bi-directional rotating electromagnetic operating mechanism for control and protection switching devices (CPS), which uses the 'principle of minimum magnetoresistance' to drive the contacts by bi-directional rotation of the moving iron core to realize the opening and closing operations. The mechanism has two independent sets of coils, which are coil and the closing coil. During the operation of the operating mechanism, the switching speed can be adjusted by controlling the excitation state of the two sets of coils, which can reduce the closing speed to reduce the contact bounce. In the process of mechanism opening, the opening speed can be increased by energizing the opening coil to reduce the harm to the contacts from the arc generated during opening. The mechanism has both control and protection functions and has a specific high electrical and mechanical life. Firstly, the mechanism is theoretically designed to determine the size and motion form of the mechanism. Then the model of the mechanism is built in COMSOL for simulation analysis. Finally the prototype is processed according to the designed size and experimented. The simulation and experimental structure have good consistency, which verifies the feasibility of the design mechanism. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Excited states Excited states Finite element method Finite element method
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| GB/T 7714 | Yao, Linrui , Tang, Longfei , Wang, Kehao . Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism [C] . 2024 : 91-99 . |
| MLA | Yao, Linrui 等. "Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism" . (2024) : 91-99 . |
| APA | Yao, Linrui , Tang, Longfei , Wang, Kehao . Design of Bi-directional Rotary CPS Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism . (2024) : 91-99 . |
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Based on dsPIC33F series microcontroller and the full bridge drive circuit built by BridgeSwitch1267C integrated half-bridge chip, this paper designs an integrated intelligent contactor controller with the function of voltage drop resistance: The volume and cost of the control module are further reduced by reusing the rectifier output voltage regulator capacitor as a backup power supply; With the intelligent control strategy of flux closed-loop starting, silent energy saving reliable holding and negative pressure rapid breaking, the control module not only has the function of resisting voltage drop, but also takes into account the dynamic performance of contact bounce suppression, noise elimination and arc erosion reduction; By controlling the drive circuit alone, the control module can gently switch among starting, normal holding, voltage drop resistance holding and breaking, which reducing the coil excitation loop and increasing the reliability of the control module. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Controllers Controllers Electric power system control Electric power system control Electric rectifiers Electric rectifiers Energy conservation Energy conservation Voltage regulators Voltage regulators
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Shuangling , Tang, Longfei . Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance [C] . 2024 : 849-856 . |
| MLA | Liu, Shuangling 等. "Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance" . (2024) : 849-856 . |
| APA | Liu, Shuangling , Tang, Longfei . Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance . (2024) : 849-856 . |
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Abstract ：
为了更好地抑制接触器合闸触头弹跳,提出一种控制策略以优化合闸过程.首先,利用线圈电压与电流作为输入构建参数观测器,实时观测接触器的动态吸力、弹簧反力、动铁心速度及位移.在此基础上,构造双闭环控制结构,外环采用模糊控制逐次调节超程前吸力裕量,内环将吸力裕量与实时弹簧反力叠加用作参考吸力,进行吸力闭环控制,实现外环动铁心合闸速度的逐次迭代优化.将观测位移与触头开距进行实时比较,一旦动铁心运动到超程阶段时,增大吸力参考,使电磁吸力快速增加,实现触头的低速大吸力合闸,以压制动铁心反弹,尽量抑制触头弹跳,并兼顾可靠合闸.通过仿真与实验验证了方案的可行性,该控制策略对依靠电磁力进行操动的电磁及永磁开关的合闸优化具有一定意义.
Keyword ：
优化控制 优化控制 参数观测 参数观测 吸力闭环 吸力闭环 接触器 接触器 速度闭环 速度闭环
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 et al. 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 [J]. | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略" . | 中国电机工程学报 44 . 2 (2024) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 , 陈红 . 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 . | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) , 838-847,中插34 . |
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