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学者姓名：鄢忠森
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Abstract ：
Although electrooxidation can remove refractory organics, a significant amount of energy is required for non-selective oxidation, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) contributes little to the process. In this study, the conventional electrolytic bubbles were enhanced to improve the performance of organic matter removal. Using humic acid as a model recalcitrant organic pollutant, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was designed to separate mixed bubbles (e.g., H-2 and O-2) produced during electrooxidation with a diaphragm, thereby dividing the individual MER O-2 and MER H-2. The bubbles stability of MER O-2 was higher than that of conventional electrooxidation and aeration, which facilitated the removal of humic acid. Surfactants with different electrical characteristics were further used to enhance the interaction between the bubbles and humic acid. After the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB 80 mg/L), the positive charge of the MER O-2 bubbles intensified, inducing the removal of 92.8 % humic acid (250 mg/L) with an oxidation rate <3.7 %. Moreover, CTAB could be reused after foam fractionation. Using zeta potential distribution theory, the initial electrical properties of MER O-2 (+) and MER H-2 (-) were clarified, as well as the charge intensification by CTAB on MER O-2 bubbles. Besides, the acidification by MER imparted initial electrical properties to the bubbles and led to the aggregation of humic acid, and the humic acid adhering to the bubbles further isolated the merging of the bubbles. The application of enhanced electrolytic bubbles offers a novel approach to reducing energy consumption in humic acid removal via electrooxidation systems.
Keyword ：
Acidification Acidification Electrolytic bubble Electrolytic bubble Electrooxidation Electrooxidation Humic acid Humic acid Surfactant Surfactant
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal" . | WATER RESEARCH 281 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Chen, Xiaolei , Yu, Huarong , Qu, Fangshu , Qu, Dan , Chang, Haiqing et al. Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 281 . |
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Mineral scaling and scaling-induced wetting are critical issues in membrane distillation (MD) during treatment of saline wastewaters. Gypsum scaling and scaling-induced wetting in MD were successfully regulated by heterogeneous crystallization with in-line granular filtration in this study. Stable water recovery increased from 32.5 % to more than 52.5 % in one-cycle operation, depending on filter media properties. Because a large mass of crystals were retained or/and adsorbed in the granular filter, the scaling mass on membrane surface was reduced by 41.2 %, 23.1 %, 54.7 % and 78.1 % by filter charged with activated carbon, sand, fiber and activated alumina, respectively. When activated carbon, sand, fiber and activated alumina were used, the final MD fluxes were 1.58, 1.04, 1.96 and 3.43 times that without filter, and permeate conductivity decreased by 43.0 %, 46.8 %, 83.2 % and 81.3 %, respectively. The multi-cycle tests showed that heterogeneous crystallization gradually occurred in the granular filter, thereby promoting seeding-induced crystallization that reduced gypsum scaling and scalinginduced wetting in MD. Excellent anti-scaling and anti-wetting performance of in-line granular filtration was also confirmed for synthetic and real industrial wastewater. The results of this study provide guidance for mineral scaling control in MD to allow resource utilization for saline wastewater.
Keyword ：
Gypsum scaling Gypsum scaling In-line granular filtration In-line granular filtration Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Saline wastewater Saline wastewater Scaling-induced wetting Scaling-induced wetting
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang, Haiqing , Ma, Zeren , Zhao, Huaxin et al. Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 274 . |
| MLA | Chang, Haiqing et al. "Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media" . | WATER RESEARCH 274 (2025) . |
| APA | Chang, Haiqing , Ma, Zeren , Zhao, Huaxin , Qu, Dan , Liu, Caihong , Yan, Zhongsen et al. Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: Role of filter media . | WATER RESEARCH , 2025 , 274 . |
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Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of hazardous pollutants that require effective treatment before discharge. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising approach for leachate treatment, but membrane fouling remains a major challenge for its practical application. This study introduces an innovative in situ catalytic MD membrane to improve antifouling performance. The MnO2-doped polyvinylidene fluoride (M-PVDF) membrane was prepared via electrospinning, incorporating an optimized amount of MnO2 and fluoroalkyl modifier. The M-PVDF membrane demonstrated excellent retention of landfill leachate pollutants across all test cycles, achieving retention rates above 99.23% for non-ammonia foulants. No membrane wetting was observed in M-PVDF during the cyclic tests, whereas conventional PVDF membranes exhibited wetting in the third cycle. The fouled M-PVDF membrane was effectively restored after cleaning with H2O2, regaining its original flux and demonstrating robust self-cleaning capabilities. This performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of micro-nano bubbles and MnO2-catalyzed H2O2 free radicals. The proposed in situ catalytic self-cleaning strategy significantly enhances the antifouling properties of MD, providing a sustainable solution for high-salinity wastewater treatment.
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management [J]. | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 11 (5) : 1313-1324 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management" . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 11 . 5 (2025) : 1313-1324 . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Tang, Zihan , Wang, Yongyuan , Jiang, Yuling , Chang, Haiqing , Jin, Juxiang et al. In situ catalytic membrane technology for antifouling and sustainable landfill leachate management . | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 11 (5) , 1313-1324 . |
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The membrane electrochemical reactor (MER), integrating oxidation, softening, and acidification within a single system, has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating membrane fouling during leachate treatment. However, the specific contributions of oxidation, softening, and acidification in the MER, along with their synergistic effects on membrane fouling control, remain inadequately understood. In this study, leachate was regulated with different MER-related strategies before membrane distillation treatment, and Differential logtransformed absorbance spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Derjaguin-Landau-VerweyOverbeek theory were employed to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. The results indicates that oxidation effectively removed the organic matter, thereby mitigating the hydrophobic interactions between the membrane and foulant. However, it also promoted the deprotonation of carboxyl groups in organic matter, such as polysaccharides and proteins, enhancing the complexation of multivalent cations. Acidification and softening reduced organic-inorganic complexation fouling by inhibiting carboxylate deprotonation and reducing Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, respectively. These processes counteracted the adverse effects of oxidation while further mitigating organic fouling and inorganic scaling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of oxidation, softening, and acidification effectively prevented foulants from entering membrane pores and enhanced wetting resistance. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of combining oxidation, softening, and acidification while elucidating their mechanisms in mitigating membrane fouling.
Keyword ：
Landfill leachate Landfill leachate Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling Organic-inorganic complexation fouling pretreatment pretreatment
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi et al. Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 361 (2025) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Li, Binbin , Zhu, Zhengshi , Qu, Dan , Xu, Kaiqin , Qu, Fangshu . Membrane electrochemical reactor for mitigating fouling in landfill leachate treated by membrane distillation: Characteristics and mechanisms☆ . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2025 , 361 . |
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Shale gas is abundant worldwide and has a smaller carbon footprint than conventional coal. However, exploitation of shale gas produces a large amount of hydraulic fracturing wastewater, which hurts the ecological environment. Effective treatment of shale gas produced water (SGPW) is a great challenge and membrane distillation (MD) which is not restricted by salinity is a hot topic in dealing with this wastewater. This paper focused on the influence of feed water quality on performance of direct contact MD by adjusting pH and pretreating. By analyzing MD permeate, controlling the feed water non-alkalinity facilitated MD treatment of SGPW and acidic condition greatly hindered the cross -membrane mass transfer of ammonia nitrogen. Among the traditional pretreatment methods, aluminum coagulant removed 99% of turbidity and exhibited the best superiority in mitigating membrane fouling, whose final flux was 2.2 times the raw SGPW. Dual coagulation and zeolite adsorption reduced ammonia nitrogen by about 50 % and 95 %, whose final permeate conductivities were about 65 % and 62 % of the untreated, respectively. Analyses of attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the reduction in membrane fouling after pretreatment of feed water. This study provides guidance for treatment of SGPW using MD.
Keyword ：
Ammonia transfer Ammonia transfer Feed water quality Feed water quality Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW)
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| GB/T 7714 | Lu, Mengzhe , Chang, Haiqing , Yan, Zhongsen et al. Water quality of shale gas produced water greatly influences the performance of membrane distillation [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 341 . |
| MLA | Lu, Mengzhe et al. "Water quality of shale gas produced water greatly influences the performance of membrane distillation" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 341 (2024) . |
| APA | Lu, Mengzhe , Chang, Haiqing , Yan, Zhongsen , Qu, Fangshu , Zhou, Zhiwei , Liang, Ying et al. Water quality of shale gas produced water greatly influences the performance of membrane distillation . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 341 . |
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Membrane distillation (MD) offers promise for recycling shale gas produced water (SGPW), while membrane fouling is still a major obstacle in standalone MD. Herein, sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation was proposed as MD pretreatment, and the performance of the single MD, SPC-MD hybrid process and Fe(II)/SPC-MD hybrid process for SGPW treatment were systematically evaluated. Results showed that compared to raw SGPW, the application of SPC and Fe(II)/SPC led to the decrease of the fluorescent organics by 28.54 % and 54.52 %, respectively. The hydrophobic fraction decreased from 52.75 % in raw SGPW to 37.70 % and 27.20 % for SPC and Fe(II)/SPC, respectively, and the MD normalized flux increased from 0.19 in treating raw SGPW to 0.65 and 0.81, respectively. The superiority of SPC oxidation in reducing the deposited membrane foulants and restoring membrane properties was further confirmed through scanning electron microscopy observation, attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared, water contact angle and surface tension analyses of fouled membranes. Correlation analysis revealed that hydrophobic/hydrophilic matters and fluorescent organics in SGPW took a crucial role in MD fouling. The mechanism of MD fouling mitigation by Fe(II)/SPC oxidation was attributed to the decrease in concentrations and hydrophobicity of organic by synergistic oxidation, coagulation and adsorption.
Keyword ：
Fe(II) Fe(II) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation Sodium percarbonate (SPC) oxidation
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, Suhua , Qu, Fangshu , Qu, Dan et al. Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 262 . |
| MLA | Gu, Suhua et al. "Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water" . | WATER RESEARCH 262 (2024) . |
| APA | Gu, Suhua , Qu, Fangshu , Qu, Dan , Yan, Zhongsen , Meng, Yuchuan , Liang, Ying et al. Improving membrane distillation performance by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate oxidation during the treatment of shale gas produced water . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 262 . |
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The imperative for sustainable urban development necessitates the proper treatment of landfill leachate (LFL), driven by its high level of contaminants. Although membrane distillation (MD) effectively captures non-volatile contaminants, impediments persist in practical implementation in LFL, notably membrane fouling and scaling induced by organic and inorganic substances. These challenges are particularly salient in treating LFL with varying contaminant concentrations contingent upon its age. This study comprehensively investigated the treatment efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for both young landfill leachate (YLFL) and aged landfill leachate (ALFL), along with an examination of the associated membrane fouling and scaling conditions over a 15-d period. The results demonstrated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and metal ions in both YLFL and ALFL were effectively retained by DCMD, with rejection rates exceeding 99 %. Nevertheless, escalating membrane fouling led to diminished distillate fluxes, with reductions of 26 %-32 % for YLFL and 63 %-86 % for ALFL. The fouling mechanisms differed between YLFL and ALFL treatments. YLFL primarily induced organic fouling through biopolymers and humic acid (HA), while ALFL introduced inorganic salt ions (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) and organics, resulting in scaling and hybrid organic -inorganic fouling. Acid cleaning proved more efficacious than alkali cleaning for ALFL treatment, as it dissolved ions and disrupting the crystal -organic crosslinked fouling layer. This study sheds new light on membrane fouling control during DCMD-based treatment of LFL at varying ages.
Keyword ：
Crystal-organics combined fouling Crystal-organics combined fouling Direct contact membrane distillation Direct contact membrane distillation Landfill leachate Landfill leachate Membrane fouling Membrane fouling Scaling Scaling
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Zhimeng , Lin, Songze , Ye, Linxiong et al. Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling [J]. | DESALINATION , 2024 , 577 . |
| MLA | Yang, Zhimeng et al. "Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling" . | DESALINATION 577 (2024) . |
| APA | Yang, Zhimeng , Lin, Songze , Ye, Linxiong , Qu, Dan , Yang, Haiyang , Chang, Haiqing et al. Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling . | DESALINATION , 2024 , 577 . |
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Substantial volumes of hazardous shale gas produced water (SGPW) generated in unconventional natural gas exploration. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising approach for SGPW desalination, while membrane fouling, wetting, and permeate deterioration restrict MD application. The integration of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) with MD process was proposed to improve MD performance, and different pretreatment methods (i. e., oxidation, coagulation, and granular filtration) were systematically investigated. Results showed that pretreatment released GDM fouling and improved permeate quality by enrich certain microbes' community (e.g., Proteobacteria and Nitrosomonadaceae), greatly ensured the efficient desalination of MD. Pretreatment greatly influences GDM fouling layer morphology, leading to different flux performance. Thick/rough/hydrophilic fouling layer formed after coagulation, and thin/loose fouling layer formed after silica sand filtration improved GDM flux by 2.92 and 1.9 times, respectively. Moreover, the beneficial utilization of adsorption-biodegradation effects significantly enhanced GDM permeate quality. 100 % of ammonia and 53.99 % of UV254 were efficiently removed after zeolite filtration-GDM and granular activated carbon filtration-GDM, respectively. Compared to the surged conductivity (41.29 mu S/cm) and severe flux decline (>82 %) under water recovery rate of 75 % observed in single MD for SGPW treatment, GDM economically controlled permeate conductivity (1.39-19.9 mu S/ cm) and MD fouling (flux decline=8.3 %-27.5 %). Exploring the mechanisms, the GDM-MD process has similarity with Janus MD membrane in SGPW treatment, significantly reduced MD fouling and wetting.
Keyword ：
Coagulation Coagulation Granular filtration Granular filtration Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Membrane distillation (MD) Membrane distillation (MD) Oxidation Oxidation Shale gas produced water (SGPW) Shale gas produced water (SGPW)
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Zhengxuan , Wang, Jiaxuan , Yan, Zhongsen et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 266 . |
| MLA | Ji, Zhengxuan et al. "Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment" . | WATER RESEARCH 266 (2024) . |
| APA | Ji, Zhengxuan , Wang, Jiaxuan , Yan, Zhongsen , Liu, Caihong , Liu, Zhe , Chang, Haiqing et al. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 266 . |
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Fouling of membranes continues to be a prominent challenge in the membrane distillation (MD) treatment of high salinity organic wastewater (HSOW). Although membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) can effectively inhibit the membrane fouling of MD, the high cost of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) used in MER limits its widespread application. In this study, cost-effective pressure-driven membranes were employed as a substitute for PEM to establish pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactors for HSOW pre-treatment. By using ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) and reverse osmosis membrane (ROM), UFMER and ROMER were developed, respectively. Due to the superior electrochemical performance of UFM, UFMER saved 43 % of energy compared to PEMER with the highest removal rate of organics (similar to 85 %) in the simulated HSOW treatment. In practical applications, using UFMER significantly reduced the amount and size of complexes in the real nanofiltration concentrate (NC) of landfill leachate. This contributed to the superior specific flux maintenance (97 %) with a salt rejection (>99 %) and the highest recovered specific water flux (99.6 %) in MD cases. UFMER reduced similar to 27 % of energy compared to PEMER in MER pre-treatment, and saved the most energy (similar to 39.6 %) in MD posttreatment. Hence, this strategy is potential for forthcoming applications, notably in lowering the membrane cost of MER and energy consumption of both MER and MD.
Keyword ：
Energy consumption Energy consumption High salinity organic wastewater High salinity organic wastewater Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Membrane electrochemical reactor Membrane electrochemical reactor Pressure-driven membrane Pressure-driven membrane
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Xiaolei , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing et al. Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach [J]. | DESALINATION , 2024 , 582 . |
| MLA | Chen, Xiaolei et al. "Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach" . | DESALINATION 582 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Xiaolei , Yan, Zhongsen , Chang, Haiqing , Wang, Qiankun , Fan, Gongduan , Ye, Jinghan et al. Enhancing membrane distillation efficiency in treating high salinity organic wastewater: A pressure-driven membrane electrochemical reactor approach . | DESALINATION , 2024 , 582 . |
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Membrane distillation technology, utilized for treating hypersaline wastewater from seawater desalination, often encounters challenges related to inorganic scaling, adversely affecting membrane performance. Herein, we introduce a innovative approach employing a sacrificial layer on the surface of Thin Film Composite (TFC) membranes to concurrently enhance inorganic scaling resistance and facilitate membrane reusability. The sacrificial layer (Fe3+-TA) 3 +-TA) consisted of tannic acid (TA) complexed with iron ions (Fe3+) 3 + ) and could be removed and regenerated in situ. The results demonstrated that the Fe3+-TA 3 +-TA layer significantly improved the membrane's surface smoothness and densification, maintaining superior anti-scaling performance. The modified membrane exhibited remarkable durability, sustaining six reuse cycles with a flux recovery exceeding 97 % in gypsum scaling tests. Furthermore, the formation of new complexes during gypsum scaling tests confirmed the membrane's augmented scaling retardation capabilities. Thus, integrating of a sacrificial layer into TFC membranes presents a promising strategy for advancing membrane distillation processes in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Anti-scaling Anti-scaling Inorganic scaling Inorganic scaling Membrane distillation Membrane distillation Reuse Reuse Sacrificial protective layer Sacrificial protective layer
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| GB/T 7714 | Yan, Zhongsen , Lin, Sufen , Chang, Haiqing et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation [J]. | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE , 2024 , 710 . |
| MLA | Yan, Zhongsen et al. "Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation" . | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 710 (2024) . |
| APA | Yan, Zhongsen , Lin, Sufen , Chang, Haiqing , Xu, Junge , Dai, Wenxin , Qu, Dan et al. Functional of thin-film composite Janus membrane with sacrificial layer for inorganic scaling control in membrane distillation . | JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE , 2024 , 710 . |
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