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学者姓名：胡静
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Abstract ：
以宁波地铁隧道为研究对象，采用现场实测与2.5维有限元相结合的方法研究了整体式轨道和钢弹簧浮置板轨道在轨道振动和周边环境动力响应上的差异。结果表明：相较于整体式轨道，钢弹簧浮置板轨道能显著吸收10 Hz以上的轨道振动；当隧道埋深小于20 m时，列车速度越高，隧道埋深越浅，钢弹簧浮置板轨道对隧道及周边环境的减振效果越好；但采用单相弹性介质模拟隧道周围地层会明显低估隧道内的振动强度，并高估钢弹簧浮置板轨道的减振效果。隧道周围的超静孔压与列车速度和轨道类型有关，与隧道埋深无关；采用钢弹簧浮置板轨道不仅可以减振，还能有效减小隧道周围土体中的超静孔压，有利于控制隧道沉降。
Keyword ：
2.5维有限元 2.5维有限元 动力响应 动力响应 地铁隧道 地铁隧道 现场测试 现场测试 超静孔压 超静孔压 饱和软土 饱和软土
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| GB/T 7714 | 胡静 , 唐跃 , 张家康 et al. 轨道类型对地铁隧道及环境振动的影响 [J]. | 地下空间与工程学报 , 2023 , 19 (04) : 1377-1388 . |
| MLA | 胡静 et al. "轨道类型对地铁隧道及环境振动的影响" . | 地下空间与工程学报 19 . 04 (2023) : 1377-1388 . |
| APA | 胡静 , 唐跃 , 张家康 , 边学成 , 邓涛 . 轨道类型对地铁隧道及环境振动的影响 . | 地下空间与工程学报 , 2023 , 19 (04) , 1377-1388 . |
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基于Biot理论,建立了轨道-路基-多层饱和土地基耦合系统的 2.5 维有限元分析模型,提出了考虑实际列车循环荷载作用的路基累积沉降计算方法,分析了水位抬升、列车速度和列车轴重对路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响.研究结果表明:水位抬升对土体振动强度的放大作用并不是局限在水位变化的深度范围内,而是会导致整个路基和地基断面的振动增大,并且这种全断面式的振动放大效应随着列车速度的提高而增强;水位抬升至路基内部时,路基内部会出现显著的超静孔压,最大值达到 27.52 kPa,导致有效应力大幅下降,路基内土单元的应力路径向破坏线靠近;当水位仅在地基内抬升时,路基在列车循环荷载作用下的累积变形较小,线路沉降主要来自于地基,当水位抬升至路基内部时,路基累积变形随加载次数的增加发展迅速,100 万次加载后变形为 19.54 mm,远超容许值,说明路基防水对于线路的长期累积沉降控制具有关键作用;路基和地基的累积变形受列车速度和列车轴重的影响,随着列车轴重的增加而显著增大,并且轴重的增加对路基累积变形的影响相较于地基更强烈,在设计时需要格外关注.
Keyword ：
2.5维有限元 2.5维有限元 动力响应 动力响应 水位抬升 水位抬升 超静孔压 超静孔压 路基工程 路基工程 长期沉降 长期沉降 饱和地基 饱和地基
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| GB/T 7714 | 胡静 , 唐跃 , 张家康 et al. 水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响 [J]. | 交通运输工程学报 , 2023 , 23 (4) : 75-91 . |
| MLA | 胡静 et al. "水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响" . | 交通运输工程学报 23 . 4 (2023) : 75-91 . |
| APA | 胡静 , 唐跃 , 张家康 , 蒋红光 , 边学成 , 邓涛 . 水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响 . | 交通运输工程学报 , 2023 , 23 (4) , 75-91 . |
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Abstract ：
The fully encapsulated bolt is prone to stress concentration, which leads to the bolt breaking suddenly.Energy-absorbing bolt adapted to the large deformation of surrounding rock through slight yield but long-term support.When filling thickness to asperity height ratio (t/a) is small, the joint shear failure behavior is controlled by the asperities and the filling.When t/a is large, the joint shear failure mainly exists within the filling.
Keyword ：
Direct shear test Direct shear test Energy-absorbing bolt Energy-absorbing bolt Filling thickness Filling thickness JRC JRC Shear energy Shear energy
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Hanfang , Wu, Xuezhen , Jiang, Yujing et al. Model Studies on the Effects of Filling Thickness and Joint Roughness on the Shear Characteristics of Fully Encapsulated Bolts and Energy-Absorbing Bolts [J]. | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 57 (1) : 765-777 . |
| MLA | Zheng, Hanfang et al. "Model Studies on the Effects of Filling Thickness and Joint Roughness on the Shear Characteristics of Fully Encapsulated Bolts and Energy-Absorbing Bolts" . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING 57 . 1 (2023) : 765-777 . |
| APA | Zheng, Hanfang , Wu, Xuezhen , Jiang, Yujing , Wang, Gang , Zheng, Bin , Zhu, Jihai et al. Model Studies on the Effects of Filling Thickness and Joint Roughness on the Shear Characteristics of Fully Encapsulated Bolts and Energy-Absorbing Bolts . | ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING , 2023 , 57 (1) , 765-777 . |
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The increasing frequency of extreme rainfall is leading to a rise in groundwater levels in coastal areas, significantly affecting high-speed railway operations. To address this concern, this study developed a 2.5-dimensional finite element model of a coupled track-embankment-ground system based on Biot's porous media theory to analyze the effect of groundwater level rise on the critical velocity of high-speed railways and vibration responses. The findings reveal a consistent decrease in the critical velocity of high-speed railways with rising groundwater levels. Particularly, the increase in groundwater levels within the embankment significantly influences the critical velocity compared to a similar rise in the foundation's groundwater level. Furthermore, deformations induced by passing trains significantly increase as groundwater levels rise. Specifically, when the groundwater level rises from the foundation bottom to the subgrade surface, subgrade surface deformation increases by approximately 55%. As trains approach the critical velocity, significant vibration phenomena, known as the "Mach effect," occur at the foundation surface. Importantly, as groundwater levels rise, the "Mach effect" intensifies. Analyzing the vibrating frequency spectrum of the displacement response demonstrates a substantial increase in vibration amplitude, particularly in the high-frequency region, as groundwater levels rise. This study highlights that the rise in groundwater level not only amplifies vibrations but also extends the propagation of high-frequency vibrations, underscoring the importance of effective embankment waterproofing in controlling track vibrations.
Keyword ：
2.5D FEM 2.5D FEM critical velocity critical velocity dynamic response dynamic response groundwater level rise groundwater level rise high-speed railway high-speed railway
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jing , Jin, Linlian , Wu, Shujing et al. Effect of Groundwater Level Rise on the Critical Velocity of High-Speed Railway [J]. | WATER , 2023 , 15 (21) . |
| MLA | Hu, Jing et al. "Effect of Groundwater Level Rise on the Critical Velocity of High-Speed Railway" . | WATER 15 . 21 (2023) . |
| APA | Hu, Jing , Jin, Linlian , Wu, Shujing , Zheng, Bin , Tang, Yue , Wu, Xuezheng . Effect of Groundwater Level Rise on the Critical Velocity of High-Speed Railway . | WATER , 2023 , 15 (21) . |
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Based on the Biot theory, a 2.5-dimensional finite element analysis model of the track-subgrade-multilayered saturated soil foundation coupling system was established, and a calculation method for the cumulative settlement of the subgrade considering the actual train cyclic load was proposed. The influences of water level rise, train speed, and axle load on subgrade dynamic response and long-term settlement were discussed. Research results show that the amplification effect of water level rise on the soil vibration intensity is not limited to the depth of water level change, but will lead to the increase in the vibration of the entire subgrade and foundation section. This full-section vibration amplification effect increases with train speed. When the water level rises to the inside of the subgrade, significant excess pore pressure will generate inside the subgrade, and the maximum value can reach 27.52 kPa, resulting in a large drop in the effective stress. Then, the stress path of the soil element in the subgrade will approach the failure line. When the water level only rises within the foundation, the cumulative deformation of the subgrade under the train cyclic load is small, and the railway settlement mainly comes from the foundation. When the water level rises to the inside of the subgrade, the cumulative deformation of the subgrade develops rapidly with the loading cycles, which is 19.54 mm after one million times of loading and exceeds the allowable value largely, indicating that the subgrade waterproofing plays a key role in the long-term cumulative settlement control of the railway line. The train speed and axle load affect the cumulative deformation of the subgrade and foundation, and the increase significantly with the axle load of the train. The increase in the axle load has a stronger influence on the cumulative deformation of the subgrade than the foundation. Thus, the effect of axle load on the cumulative deformation should be well considered in the design. © 2023 Chang'an University. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
2.5-dimensional finite element 2.5-dimensional finite element dynamic response dynamic response excess pore pressure excess pore pressure long-term settlement long-term settlement saturated foundation saturated foundation subgrade engineering subgrade engineering water level rise water level rise
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, J. , Tang, Y. , Zhang, J.-K. et al. Influences of water level rise on dynamic responses and long-term settlement of high-speed railway subgrade; [水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响] [J]. | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering , 2023 , 23 (4) : 75-91 . |
| MLA | Hu, J. et al. "Influences of water level rise on dynamic responses and long-term settlement of high-speed railway subgrade; [水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响]" . | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 23 . 4 (2023) : 75-91 . |
| APA | Hu, J. , Tang, Y. , Zhang, J.-K. , Jiang, H.-G. , Bian, X.-C. , Deng, T. . Influences of water level rise on dynamic responses and long-term settlement of high-speed railway subgrade; [水位抬升对高铁路基动力响应与长期沉降的影响] . | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering , 2023 , 23 (4) , 75-91 . |
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The modern high-speed railway usually consists of track structure, subgrade and soil layers. The existence of track structure and subgrade can both improve the critical speed of railway especially when the railway is built on soft soil layers. However, the role that the track structure played hasn’t been distinguished from subgrade. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the difference of the critical speeds in ballasted and ballastless track. In this paper, two different types of track structures, ballasted and ballastless track, are built on the same subgrade-soil model using two-and-half-dimensional (2.5 D) finite element method to calculate the vibrations induced by the same high-speed trains. The rails, rail pads and ballast layer in ballasted track and rails, rail pads, slab, CA layer, concrete base in ballastless track are modelled as Euler–Bernoulli beams resting on the subgrade. The subgrade and soil layers are modelled by the 2.5D finite elements. The critical speeds in ballasted track and ballastless track are compared to reveal the consequence of track structure. It reveals that the critical speed in ballastless track is equal or greater than that in ballasted track. When the subgrade has enough stiffness, the critical speeds in both ballasted track and ballastless track can be the same. It can be concluded that the subgrade is more dominant than track structure in deciding the critical speed of railway. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Keyword ：
Ballast (railroad track) Ballast (railroad track) Finite element method Finite element method Railroad cars Railroad cars Railroads Railroads Railroad tracks Railroad tracks Railroad transportation Railroad transportation Rails Rails Soils Soils Speed Speed
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jing , Wu, Ying , Bian, Xuecheng et al. Investigations into the Critical Speeds in Ballasted and Ballastless Track [C] . 2022 : 473-481 . |
| MLA | Hu, Jing et al. "Investigations into the Critical Speeds in Ballasted and Ballastless Track" . (2022) : 473-481 . |
| APA | Hu, Jing , Wu, Ying , Bian, Xuecheng , Chen, Yunmin . Investigations into the Critical Speeds in Ballasted and Ballastless Track . (2022) : 473-481 . |
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目的：研究高速列车荷载作用下有砟轨道路基和地基内部的动应力特征。创新点：1.推导有砟轨道的2.5维有限元求解方程。2.从应力的角度出发，确定已有分析模型适用的列车速度范围。3.揭示轨道不平顺对路基和地基内部应力大小和应力路径的重要作用。方法：1.基于2.5维有限元理论推导出有砟轨道的动力控制方程（公式(20)）。2.利用秦沈客运专线的现场测试结果验证模型的准确性（图5）。3.基于验证后的模型，分析列车速度、扣件性能及轨道不平顺对动应力的影响。结论：1. Boussinesq解无法考虑列车速度和实际路基结构对应力的影响。2.平顺轨道模型只适用于列车速度不超过100km/h的情况。3.轨道不平顺不...
Keyword ：
应力分析 应力分析 应力路径 应力路径 有砟轨道 有砟轨道 轨道不平顺 轨道不平顺 高速列车 高速列车
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| GB/T 7714 | 胡静 , 边学成 . 高速列车荷载作用下的有砟轨道动应力分析（英文） [J]. | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) , 2022 , 23 (06) : 443-458 . |
| MLA | 胡静 et al. "高速列车荷载作用下的有砟轨道动应力分析（英文）" . | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 23 . 06 (2022) : 443-458 . |
| APA | 胡静 , 边学成 . 高速列车荷载作用下的有砟轨道动应力分析（英文） . | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) , 2022 , 23 (06) , 443-458 . |
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Repeated train passages bring detrimental effects on train operations, especially at high speeds. In this study, a computational model consisting of moving train vehicles, track structure, and track foundation is used to investigate the stress distribution in the track substructure and underlying soil, particularly when the train speed approaches the critical speed via 2.5D finite element method. The numerical model has been validated by in-situ test results from a ballasted high-speed railway. The computational results reveal that the substructure is shown to be effective in reducing the stresses transmitted to the ground; however, a simple Boussinesq approximation is proved to be inaccurate because it cannot properly take account of the effect of multi-layered substructures and train speeds. It is acceptable to assume a simplified smooth track in the analysis model for determining the maximum stresses and displacements for a low-speed railway (<= 100 km/h) but, for a high-speed one, the dynamic amplification effect of track irregularities must also be considered in subgrade design. Analysis of the stress paths revealed that the load speed and track irregularity increase the likelihood of failure for the subgrade; track irregularity can induce many times of principal stress rotations even under a simple single moving load.
Keyword ：
Ballasted railway Ballasted railway High speed High speed Stress analysis Stress analysis Stress path Stress path Track irregularity Track irregularity
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jing , Bian, Xue-cheng . Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds [J]. | JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A , 2022 , 23 (6) : 443-457 . |
| MLA | Hu, Jing et al. "Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds" . | JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A 23 . 6 (2022) : 443-457 . |
| APA | Hu, Jing , Bian, Xue-cheng . Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds . | JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A , 2022 , 23 (6) , 443-457 . |
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Abstract ：
Repeated train passages bring detrimental effects on train operations, especially at high speeds. In this study, a computational model consisting of moving train vehicles, track structure, and track foundation is used to investigate the stress distribution in the track substructure and underlying soil, particularly when the train speed approaches the critical speed via 2.5D finite element method. The numerical model has been validated by in-situ test results from a ballasted high-speed railway. The computational results reveal that the substructure is shown to be effective in reducing the stresses transmitted to the ground;however, a simple Boussinesq approximation is proved to be inaccurate because it cannot properly take account of the effect of multi-layered substructures and train speeds. It is acceptable to assume a simplified smooth track in the analysis model for determining the maximum stresses and displacements for a low-speed railway (≤100 km/h) but, for a high-speed one, the dynamic amplification effect of track irregularities must also be considered in subgrade design. Analysis of the stress paths revealed that the load speed and track irregularity increase the likelihood of failure for the subgrade; track irregularity can induce many times of principal stress rotations even under a simple single moving load.
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| GB/T 7714 | Jing HU , Xue-cheng BIAN . Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds [J]. | 浙江大学学报（英文版）（A辑：应用物理和工程） , 2022 , 23 (6) : 443-457 . |
| MLA | Jing HU et al. "Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds" . | 浙江大学学报（英文版）（A辑：应用物理和工程） 23 . 6 (2022) : 443-457 . |
| APA | Jing HU , Xue-cheng BIAN . Analysis of dynamic stresses in ballasted railway track due to train passages at high speeds . | 浙江大学学报（英文版）（A辑：应用物理和工程） , 2022 , 23 (6) , 443-457 . |
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This paper outlines an experimental and numerical hybrid analysis of dynamic responses generated by train traffic loading in an urban metro tunnel. It presents a set of measurements of the wheel loads, track bed vi-brations and pore pressures right below the tunnel to describe the excitation induced by train traffic loading and the propagation of dynamic responses in the railway system and surrounding soil. A key aim of this paper is to provide a set of dynamic response records that researchers can use for further investigation and the validation of numerical prediction models. The experimental analysis of vibration responses reveals that the resonance fre-quency of the track system (P2 resonance frequency) of 64 Hz in monolithic track bed coincides with the fre-quency where the largest track bed vibration occurs. There are residual pore pressures in some surrounding saturated soil during and after train passages, and the amplitudes of residual pore pressure grow with the train speeds. The serial number of the vehicles corresponding to the maximum excess pore pressure is relative to the train speed. The numerical analysis reveals that the extent of excess pore pressure build-up in tunnel surrounding soil during train passage is also determined by the ratio of train speed c and the soil Darcy permeability kD. For a tunnel buried at a deep depth like nearly 20 m, the shear stress is too small to excite the rotation of principal stress. The increase value of c/kD brings small but adverse implications in terms of the potential for soil failure. For the tunnel substratum soil, the initial stress state (i.e. K0) is a more dominant factor to determine the like-lihood of failure than underground train traffic load.
Keyword ：
Dynamic stress Dynamic stress In-situ measurement In-situ measurement Metro tunnels Metro tunnels Pore pressure Pore pressure Saturated soil Saturated soil Underground train traffic Underground train traffic
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jing , Bian, Xuecheng . Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic responses of tunnel and soils due to train traffic loads [J]. | TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 128 . |
| MLA | Hu, Jing et al. "Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic responses of tunnel and soils due to train traffic loads" . | TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY 128 (2022) . |
| APA | Hu, Jing , Bian, Xuecheng . Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic responses of tunnel and soils due to train traffic loads . | TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 128 . |
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