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Experimental and numerical study on vented H2/air explosion in an obstructed duct: Effects of hydrogen concentration and vent size Scopus
期刊论文 | 2024 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Abstract :

In this study, the effects of hydrogen concentration (C) and vent size (AV) on the vented H2/air explosion in an obstructed duct were investigated using experimental methods and FLACS simulation software at an initial pressure and temperature of 101 kPa and 291K, respectively. A vent coefficient KA is chosen to represent AV to illustrate its influence on the explosion venting of H2/air. The results demonstrate that the maximum internal overpressure (pmax) and the maximum external overpressure (pext) increase and then decrease with C increasing from 10% to 60%. The highest pmax and pext are reached at C = 35% in experiments, but achieved at C = 30% in simulations because incomplete chemical reactions were not taken into account. In the tests with C <50%, the flame evolution inside the duct includes five stages: spherical flame, elliptical flame, finger-shaped flame, near-planar flame, and tulip-shaped flame. No tulip flame is observed for C ≥50%. FLACS can simulate the flame structure evolution for various C, but it cannot accurately simulate the flame propagation speed. FLACS overestimates the flame propagation speed in the tests with C ≤25%, but underestimates the flame propagation speed for C ≥35%. Under the initial condition of C = 15%, the above-mentioned five stages of flame evolution can be simulated by FLACS for KA ≤0.4; however, neither the near-plane nor tulip flame is observed in simulations for KA >0.4. © 2024

Keyword :

Flame propagation Flame propagation Hydrogen Hydrogen Overpressure Overpressure Pressure oscillations Pressure oscillations Vented explosion Vented explosion

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GB/T 7714 Wang, F. , Huang, S. , Xu, C. et al. Experimental and numerical study on vented H2/air explosion in an obstructed duct: Effects of hydrogen concentration and vent size [J]. | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 .
MLA Wang, F. et al. "Experimental and numerical study on vented H2/air explosion in an obstructed duct: Effects of hydrogen concentration and vent size" . | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2024) .
APA Wang, F. , Huang, S. , Xu, C. , Wang, C. , Guo, J. , Lin, J. . Experimental and numerical study on vented H2/air explosion in an obstructed duct: Effects of hydrogen concentration and vent size . | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 .
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Effect of vent area on vented ammonia-hydrogen-air deflagrations in a 1-m-long duct SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 362 | FUEL
WoS CC Cited Count: 1
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Abstract :

Although ammonia-hydrogen blended fuel has become a research hotspot, it is essential to recognize that adding hydrogen to ammonia increases the potential explosion hazard before considering the development of ammoniahydrogen fuel. In this study, the effect of vent area on vented deflagrations of ammonia-hydrogen-air mixtures is investigated in a 1-m-long horizontal rectangular duct with a right end opening at an initial temperature of 293 K and an initial pressure of 101 kPa. A dimensionless vent coefficient K-v is used to define the vent area in this work to clarify the evolution of flame structures and overpressure inside and outside the duct. For a specific K-v, the amplitude of the maximum internal explosion overpressure (P-max) monitored at the left end of the duct (LE) has a greater difference compared with other pressure monitoring points. The maximum amplitude of P(max )is always reached at the LE for K-v <= 3.2, while the difference in the maximum amplitude of P(max )between different monitoring points decreased significantly for K-v > 3.2. With the increasing of K(v )from 2.2 to 20.1, P(max )obtained at the right end of the duct (RE) and the center of the duct increases monotonously, but P(max )monitored at the LE shows a non-monotonic increasing trend. A spike structure of penetrating flame bubbles resulting from negative pressure balance is only observed inside the duct for K-v <= 5.6. Two types of oscillations (Helmholtz and Acoustic oscillations) can be distinguished in some tests, and only acoustic oscillations of overpressure can be clearly found in tests with K-v > 7.8. With the increasing of K(v )from 2.2 to 20.1, the shape of the external fireball will change significantly. As Kv increases from 2.2 to 5.6, the external fireball shapes are always mushroom-shaped. However, the shapes of the fireball become elongated for K-v > 7.8, and even the external fireball presents a jet shape for K-v = 20.1. With the increasing of K-v from 2.2 to 20.1, The maximum external overpressure increases first, thereafter decreases, and finally increases.

Keyword :

Ammonia-hydrogen-air mixtures Ammonia-hydrogen-air mixtures External explosion External explosion Flame behavior Flame behavior Overpressure Overpressure Vent area Vent area

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GB/T 7714 Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang et al. Effect of vent area on vented ammonia-hydrogen-air deflagrations in a 1-m-long duct [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 362 .
MLA Huang, Shikai et al. "Effect of vent area on vented ammonia-hydrogen-air deflagrations in a 1-m-long duct" . | FUEL 362 (2024) .
APA Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang , Yang, Zexuan , Wang, Hongyan , Li, Yiming . Effect of vent area on vented ammonia-hydrogen-air deflagrations in a 1-m-long duct . | FUEL , 2024 , 362 .
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Microwave heating temperature rise characteristics of composite minerals under the circumferential stirring model EI CSCD PKU
期刊论文 | 2024 , 53 (2) , 318-333 | Journal of China University of Mining and Technology
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Abstract :

To investigate the microwave heating mechanism of composite minerals, a circumferential stirring model based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method was established by COMSOL Multiphysics software. This model aims to study the temperature rise characteristics of mineral models with different component structures and proportions. The results show that the heating efficiency and uniformity of the mineral are higher in the stirred heating model with a 5 cm copper disc rotating at (π/3) rad/s compared to the non-stirred heating model; The different component structures of the composite mineral result in different electromagnetic wave distributions, which induces the microwave heating efficiency of the py-rite-enclosed calcite model is lower than the calcite-enclosed pyrite model; In the calcite-en-closed pyrite model, the variation of pyrite thickness changes the phase of electromagnetic wave, leading to the displacement of hot and cold spots in the mineral. Furthermore, when comparing the pyrite thicker and thinner than the penetration depth, there is a significant disparity in the incident electromagnetic wave intensity, resulting in noticeable differences in electric field strength; At the same component proportion, the overall electric field of heterogeneous minerals is lower and more stable, and the electric field intensity between components is closer than in composite homogeneous minerals; With the proportion of pyrite increases, the temperature variation of heterogeneous minerals after 30 s microwave heating can be divided into three regions: small peak region (0-10%), large peak region (10% - 50%), and stable region (50% - 75%), and the temperature differences between components gradually decrease. © 2024 China University of Mining and Technology. All rights reserved.

Keyword :

Calcite Calcite Circular waveguides Circular waveguides Efficiency Efficiency Electric fields Electric fields Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves Microwave heating Microwave heating Mining Mining Pyrites Pyrites

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GB/T 7714 Long, Shengyi , Hong, Yidu , Sun, Xiaowan et al. Microwave heating temperature rise characteristics of composite minerals under the circumferential stirring model [J]. | Journal of China University of Mining and Technology , 2024 , 53 (2) : 318-333 .
MLA Long, Shengyi et al. "Microwave heating temperature rise characteristics of composite minerals under the circumferential stirring model" . | Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 53 . 2 (2024) : 318-333 .
APA Long, Shengyi , Hong, Yidu , Sun, Xiaowan , Yang, Fuqiang , Guo, Jin , Nie, Wen . Microwave heating temperature rise characteristics of composite minerals under the circumferential stirring model . | Journal of China University of Mining and Technology , 2024 , 53 (2) , 318-333 .
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Study on the deflagrations of NH3/H2/air in an end-open duct: Effects of ignition position and hydrogen fraction SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 60 , 55-65 | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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In this study, experiments were conducted in a 1 m -long horizontal rectangular duct at an initial temperature of 285 K and an initial pressure of 100 kPa to investigate the influence of ignition position and hydrogen fraction (x) on the vented deflagration of NH3/H-2/air. A range of x from 0.1 to 0.9, as well as three ignition positions, including FI (front ignition), CI (central ignition), and RI (rear ignition), were employed. It was indicated that the ignition position and x remarkably influenced on the overpressure accumulation and flame evolution inside and outside the duct. With x increasing from 0.1 to 0.9, the maximum explosion overpressure (p(max)) and the maximum external overpressure increased with x at three ignition positions. As x increased from 0.1 to 0.9, p(max) increased from 7 kPa to 22 kPa at FI, from 13 kPa to 50 kPa at CI, and from 13 kPa to 33 kPa at RI. With x increasing from 0.1 to 0.9, the maximum external overpressure increased from 0.15 kPa to 4 kPa in the case of FI, from 0.43 kPa to 16.36 kPa in the case of CI, and from 1 kPa to 35.58 kPa in the case of RI. Left flame front deformation owing to R -T instability was found and was the most severe at FI. In rear ignition explosions, the flame always propagates toward the opening end as x > 0.5, but when x <= 0.5, the flame front may transiently move away from the opening. In the case of RI, the shape of the external combustible cloud transferred from a "mushroom" to a "dumbbell" as x increased from 0.5 to 0.9. Two types of oscillations (Helmholtz -type and acoustic oscillations) could be found. As x increased from 0.3 to 0.7, the Helmholtz -type oscillations could be easily distinguished in the cases of FI and CI. As x increased from 0.3 to 0.7, the frequency of Helmholtz -type oscillations increased from 125 Hz at x = 0.3-140 Hz at x = 0.5-150 Hz at x = 0.7 in the case of FI and from 135 Hz at x = 0.3-160 Hz at x = 0.5-170 Hz at x = 0.7 in the case of CI. Acoustic oscillations could only be observed in tests with x >= 0.7 and were the most intense when x = 0.7.

Keyword :

Flame Flame Ignition position Ignition position NH 3 /H 2 /air deflagration NH 3 /H 2 /air deflagration Overpressure Overpressure Pressure oscillation Pressure oscillation

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GB/T 7714 Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang et al. Study on the deflagrations of NH3/H2/air in an end-open duct: Effects of ignition position and hydrogen fraction [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 60 : 55-65 .
MLA Huang, Shikai et al. "Study on the deflagrations of NH3/H2/air in an end-open duct: Effects of ignition position and hydrogen fraction" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 60 (2024) : 55-65 .
APA Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang , Yang, Zexuan . Study on the deflagrations of NH3/H2/air in an end-open duct: Effects of ignition position and hydrogen fraction . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 60 , 55-65 .
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Experiments on vented H 2 /air explosions with a hinged vent panel: Effects of surface density SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 91 | JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
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The effect of inertial vent covers on deflagrations of fast-burning gases, such as hydrogen, has received limited attention, and recommendations for their safe venting are unavailable. To this end, experiments on vented explosion of H 2 /air mixtures, ignited from the center of a 1-m 3 chamber with a top vent covered by hinged aluminum plates of various surface densities ( W s ), were performed at initial temperatures and pressures of 290 K and 100 kPa to investigate the effects of W s on the flame evolution and pressure profile within and outside the vented vessel. Three pressure sensors (PS1-PS3) were used to record internal overpressure and another pressure sensor (PS4) was employed to monitor external overpressure. Current tests showed some unexpected results, which were inconsistent with previous research and available models. In this study, P max , P red , and P ext are focused on; P max refers to the maximum internal overpressure recorded by PS1-PS3, P red represents the highest P max monitored by PS1-PS3 for a certain W s , and P ext denotes the maximum external overpressure obtained by PS4. Experimental results reveal that for a given W s , the highest and lowest P max are always observed at the bottom and the center of the chamber, respectively. With the increase of W s from 0 to 18.9, P ext first increases and then decreases, and it reaches its highest value when W s is increased to 8.1 kg/m 2 . As W s increases from 0 to 18.9, P red first increases with W s and reaches its maximum of 93 kPa at W s = 8.1 kg/m 2 and thereafter decreases when W s is increased to 13.5 kg/m 2 , and a further increase in W s has a negligible effect on P red . In comparison with an inertia-free vent cover, when a hinged vent panel is used, the external fireball looks more oblate, and the maximum flame length decreases with increasing W s . The results of the study can provide a valuable reference for the explosion-proof design of inertial vent covers and hydrogen explosion risk assessment.

Keyword :

Flame Flame Inertial vent cover Inertial vent cover Overpressure Overpressure Surface density Surface density VentedH2/air explosion VentedH2/air explosion

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GB/T 7714 Huang, Shikai , Wang, Fang , Xu, Caijun et al. Experiments on vented H 2 /air explosions with a hinged vent panel: Effects of surface density [J]. | JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES , 2024 , 91 .
MLA Huang, Shikai et al. "Experiments on vented H 2 /air explosions with a hinged vent panel: Effects of surface density" . | JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES 91 (2024) .
APA Huang, Shikai , Wang, Fang , Xu, Caijun , Guo, Jin , Zhang, Fan , Wu, Zelong et al. Experiments on vented H 2 /air explosions with a hinged vent panel: Effects of surface density . | JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES , 2024 , 91 .
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搅拌模型下矿物的微波加热温升特性研究 PKU CSCD
期刊论文 | 2024 , 53 (02) , 318-333 | 中国矿业大学学报
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为探讨复合矿物的微波加热机制,使用COMSOL Multiphyics软件,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法建立起环绕式微波加热模型来开展对不同组分结构和占比的复合矿物模型的温升特性研究.研究结果表明:相比于无搅拌加热模型,在铜片长度为5 cm,转速为(π/3) rad/s的环绕式模型中,矿物加热的效率更高,温度分布更均匀;复合矿物组分结构的变化会改变电磁波的分布,黄铁矿包裹方解石模型的微波加热效率低于方解石包裹黄铁矿模型;在黄铁矿包裹方解石模型中,黄铁矿厚度变化会引起电磁波相位变化,使得矿内电场热点和冷点偏移,并且其厚度大小在穿透深度前后对比,射入的电磁波强度差距较大,电场强度有显著差异;相同组分占比下,非均质矿物整体的电场模比复合均质矿物更低更稳定,组分间的电场强度更为接近;随着黄铁矿占比的增加,非均质矿物整体在微波加热30 s后的温度变化可分为小波峰区(0~10%)、大波峰区(10%~50%)、平稳区(50%~75%),组分间的温差逐渐变小.

Keyword :

加热机制 加热机制 复合矿物 复合矿物 微波破岩 微波破岩 数值模拟 数值模拟

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GB/T 7714 龙盛壹 , 洪溢都 , 孙晓婉 et al. 搅拌模型下矿物的微波加热温升特性研究 [J]. | 中国矿业大学学报 , 2024 , 53 (02) : 318-333 .
MLA 龙盛壹 et al. "搅拌模型下矿物的微波加热温升特性研究" . | 中国矿业大学学报 53 . 02 (2024) : 318-333 .
APA 龙盛壹 , 洪溢都 , 孙晓婉 , 阳富强 , 郭进 , 聂闻 . 搅拌模型下矿物的微波加热温升特性研究 . | 中国矿业大学学报 , 2024 , 53 (02) , 318-333 .
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Effects of area density of a hinged inertial cover on H2/CH4/air deflagrations in a vented chamber EI
期刊论文 | 2024 , 374 | Fuel
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Explosion venting is the most commonly used technique to reduce the hazard from accidental deflagration of combustible gases. Since less attention is paid to the influence of inertial vent on vented H2/CH4/air deflagration, the effects of area density (Ws) of a hinged inertial cover on the pressure profile and flame behavior during H2/CH4/air deflagration, with hydrogen volume fraction in fuel (χH2) being 0.5 and 0.8, were investigated by covering the vent using aluminum plates with various thicknesses. The results show that the interval between ignition and the moment the flame just travels through the vent (tout) is almost independent of Ws, but the opening angle of the panel at the time of tout is closely related to Ws. For a given χH2, the opening angle at the time of tout decreases with an increase in Ws. For a certain Ws, the opening angle of the panel is smaller for χH2 = 0.8 in comparison with the tests at χH2 = 0.5. In the test with higher Ws, the external fireball becomes more flattened. In tests at χH2 = 0.5, p3 induced by acoustic oscillations dominates the internal overpressure, but p2 resulting from the external explosion becomes the dominant pressure peak at χH2 = 0.8. The maximum reduced overpressure (pred) and maximum external overpressure (pext) are almost independent of Ws at χH2 = 0.5. However, in tests at χH2 = 0.8, pred and pext increase sharply with an increase in Ws from 0 kg/m2 to 2.7 kg/m2, but there is relatively little variation in pred and pext as Ws continues to increase from 2.7 kg/m2 to 24.3 kg/m2. Except for the test with Ws = 0 kg/m2, for a specific Ws, pred and pext at χH2 = 0.8 are always greater than those at χH2 = 0.5. © 2024

Keyword :

Combustion Combustion Hydrogen Hydrogen Vents Vents

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GB/T 7714 Guo, Jin , Huang, Shikai , Wang, Fang et al. Effects of area density of a hinged inertial cover on H2/CH4/air deflagrations in a vented chamber [J]. | Fuel , 2024 , 374 .
MLA Guo, Jin et al. "Effects of area density of a hinged inertial cover on H2/CH4/air deflagrations in a vented chamber" . | Fuel 374 (2024) .
APA Guo, Jin , Huang, Shikai , Wang, Fang , Xu, Caijun , Wu, Zelong , Zhang, Fan et al. Effects of area density of a hinged inertial cover on H2/CH4/air deflagrations in a vented chamber . | Fuel , 2024 , 374 .
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负面舆情演化下的应急物资优化调度研究 CSCD PKU
期刊论文 | 2024 , 24 (07) , 2776-2786 | 安全与环境学报
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在突发事件发生后,应急物资短缺及分配不均等问题会使灾民产生心理焦虑,负面情绪的释放会进一步发酵成为负面舆情,进而影响应急救援效果。首先,构建以降低负面舆情为主、兼顾公平和效率的应急物资调度模型;其次,提出相对重要度优先、最短路径优先及比例分配3种调度策略;然后设计多目标改进算法和多目标传统算法求解模型;最后,以2022年上海疫情为参考进行案例求解分析。结果表明:(1)考虑舆情演化的调度模型可更均衡地满足各灾区的应急物资需求,各地区物资满足率均达到75%以上,能有效减缓负面情绪;(2)传统多目标算法求解时间较短但物资满足率较低,多目标改进算法耗时较长但物资满足率均达到70%以上;(3)采用“相对重要性优先策略”救援效果较好,各地区物资满足率达90%以上,采用“按比例分配策略”在救援初期能有效降低舆情影响。

Keyword :

优化算法 优化算法 公共安全 公共安全 舆情演化 舆情演化 调度策略 调度策略 郎之万方程 郎之万方程

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GB/T 7714 段在鹏 , 俞思雅 , 杨泽鸿 et al. 负面舆情演化下的应急物资优化调度研究 [J]. | 安全与环境学报 , 2024 , 24 (07) : 2776-2786 .
MLA 段在鹏 et al. "负面舆情演化下的应急物资优化调度研究" . | 安全与环境学报 24 . 07 (2024) : 2776-2786 .
APA 段在鹏 , 俞思雅 , 杨泽鸿 , 郭进 , 王照阳 . 负面舆情演化下的应急物资优化调度研究 . | 安全与环境学报 , 2024 , 24 (07) , 2776-2786 .
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Experiments on the Vented Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Deflagrations under Various Hydrogen Volume Fractions SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 38 (10) , 9110-9119 | ENERGY & FUELS
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Although ammonia as a carbon-free fuel is regarded as an energy source worthy of significant development, how to address the shortcomings of its poor combustion properties has been a hot topic of research. Hydrogen enrichment is a promising solution to improve the combustion properties of ammonia, but at the same time, the potential explosion risk will inevitably be raised. In this paper, the effects of hydrogen volumetric fraction (chi) in NH3/H-2 on the NH3/H-2/air deflagrations were experimentally investigated in a rectangular duct with an end-opening at an initial pressure and temperature of 101 kPa and 298 K, where chi was varied from 0.1 to 0.9. Results demonstrate that flame propagation and overpressure profiles inside and outside the chamber depend on chi. Buoyancy plays a significant role in flame propagation at chi = 0.1. More prominent deformation of the flame front propagating toward the closed end (CE) was observed in the experiments with higher chi s. Helmholtz oscillations of the flame occurred in all tests, which resulted in pressure oscillations with a decreasing frequency as chi was increased. Acoustically enhanced combustion of NH3/H-2/air remained at the CE, appeared when chi >= 0.7, and acoustic-type oscillations of the internal explosion overpressure and a pressure peak of p(2) formed in these tests. The amplitude of p(2) dropped as chi varied from 0.7 to 0.9. A proportional relationship between the highest explosion overpressure inside the chamber (p(max)) and the square of the laminar burning velocity of NH3/H-2/air (s(l)(2)). When chi >= 0.3, a dominant pressure peak (p(ext)) caused by the external explosion appeared in the external overpressure profiles, and its amplitude increased as chi varied from 0.3 to 0.9.

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GB/T 7714 Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang et al. Experiments on the Vented Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Deflagrations under Various Hydrogen Volume Fractions [J]. | ENERGY & FUELS , 2024 , 38 (10) : 9110-9119 .
MLA Huang, Shikai et al. "Experiments on the Vented Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Deflagrations under Various Hydrogen Volume Fractions" . | ENERGY & FUELS 38 . 10 (2024) : 9110-9119 .
APA Huang, Shikai , Guo, Jin , Mei, Liang , Yang, Zexuan . Experiments on the Vented Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Deflagrations under Various Hydrogen Volume Fractions . | ENERGY & FUELS , 2024 , 38 (10) , 9110-9119 .
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Effect of vent size on vented H2/N2/air deflagration Scopus
期刊论文 | 2024 , 84 , 881-888 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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In this work, the coupling of explosion venting (vent size) and inerting (N2) on H2/air deflagration was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a vertical rectangular duct with an upper opening at an initial temperature and pressure of 280 K and 101 kPa, and a vent coefficient Kv was employed to replace the vent size to elucidate its effect on pressure buildup and flame propagation during H2/N2/air deflagration. In the present study, the internal pressure profile is monitored by three pressure sensors, PS1-3, which are installed at the bottom, center, and top of the duct, respectively, and the external pressure profile is obtained by PS4. The results show that the maximum internal overpressure (pmax) recorded by PS1-3 all increase with increasing Kv, but pmax obtained from PS2 and PS3 tend to increase linearly. For a given Kv, the maximum and minimum amplitudes of pmax are measured by PS1 and PS3, respectively. Specifically, the greater the distance between the pressure sensor and the upper opening, the greater the amplitude of pmax. The relationship between the maximum reduced explosion pressure (pred) and Kv is investigated, where pred is defined as the highest pmax for a specific Kv. As Kv increases from 2.2 to 11.9, pred increases from 26.25 kPa to 88 kPa. The maximum external flame velocity (Vext) increases from 83 m/s to 454 m/s with increasing Kv from 2.2 to 11.9. The amplitude of the maximum external overpressure (pext) first increases and decreases with an increase in Kv from 2.2 to 11.9. The formation time (Δt) of pext decreases and then increases and finally decreases with increasing Kv from 2.2 to 11.9. When Kv is increased from 2.2 to 4.1, all external fireballs are presented as mushroom shapes, but the external fireballs are gradually transformed into jet shapes for Kv ≥7.8. Two pressure oscillations, including Helmholtz oscillations and acoustic oscillations, are found. Acoustic oscillations are found in all tests, but Helmholtz oscillations are only observed for Kv ≤ 4.1. © 2024

Keyword :

External explosion External explosion Flame Flame Nitrogen inerting Nitrogen inerting Vented H2/N2/air deflagration Vented H2/N2/air deflagration Vent size Vent size

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GB/T 7714 Huang, S. , Wang, F. , Xu, C. et al. Effect of vent size on vented H2/N2/air deflagration [J]. | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 84 : 881-888 .
MLA Huang, S. et al. "Effect of vent size on vented H2/N2/air deflagration" . | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 84 (2024) : 881-888 .
APA Huang, S. , Wang, F. , Xu, C. , Guo, J. , Mei, L. , Yang, Z. . Effect of vent size on vented H2/N2/air deflagration . | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 84 , 881-888 .
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