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学者姓名：汤龙飞
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Abstract ：
为了更好地抑制接触器合闸触头弹跳,提出一种控制策略以优化合闸过程.首先,利用线圈电压与电流作为输入构建参数观测器,实时观测接触器的动态吸力、弹簧反力、动铁心速度及位移.在此基础上,构造双闭环控制结构,外环采用模糊控制逐次调节超程前吸力裕量,内环将吸力裕量与实时弹簧反力叠加用作参考吸力,进行吸力闭环控制,实现外环动铁心合闸速度的逐次迭代优化.将观测位移与触头开距进行实时比较,一旦动铁心运动到超程阶段时,增大吸力参考,使电磁吸力快速增加,实现触头的低速大吸力合闸,以压制动铁心反弹,尽量抑制触头弹跳,并兼顾可靠合闸.通过仿真与实验验证了方案的可行性,该控制策略对依靠电磁力进行操动的电磁及永磁开关的合闸优化具有一定意义.
Keyword ：
优化控制 优化控制 参数观测 参数观测 吸力闭环 吸力闭环 接触器 接触器 速度闭环 速度闭环
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 et al. 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 [J]. | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略" . | 中国电机工程学报 44 . 2 (2024) : 838-847,中插34 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 闫涌仁 , 李新叶 , 陈红 . 接触器低速大吸力合闸优化控制策略 . | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (2) , 838-847,中插34 . |
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Abstract ：
In order to better inhibit the bouncing of contactors in closing process, this paper presents a control strategy to optimize the closing process. First, the coil voltage and current are used as inputs to construct the parameter observer, so the dynamic electromagnetic force, spring force, movable core velocity and displacement of the contactor can be observed in real time. On this basis, a double closed-loop control structure is constructed. The outer-loop adopts fuzzy control to adjust the force margin before the over-travel iteratively. In the inner-loop, adding the force margin with the spring force in real time as the reference, the force closed-loop control is carried out to realize the iterative optimization of the closing speed in the outer-loop. Meanwhile, the observed displacement is compared with the opening distance of the contacts in real time. Once the movable core moves into the over-travel, the electromagnetic force increases rapidly by increasing the force reference, so it can realize the low speed with large force closing to suppress the rebound of the movable core. It can inhibit contact bounces furthest and meanwhile ensure the reliable closing. The feasibility of the control scheme is verified by simulation and experiment. It is of great significance for optimal control of the electromagnetic switch and the permanent magnet switch which are both operated by electromagnetic force. © 2024 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Fuzzy control Fuzzy control Permanent magnets Permanent magnets
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Yan, Yongren , Li, Xinye et al. An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors [J]. | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2024 , 44 (2) : 838-847 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors" . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 44 . 2 (2024) : 838-847 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Yan, Yongren , Li, Xinye , Chen, Hong . An Optimal Closing Strategy of Low Speed With Large Force for Contactors . | Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering , 2024 , 44 (2) , 838-847 . |
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Abstract ：
The breaking and closing coils of bistable permanent magnet circuit breaker (PMCB) shares magnetic circuit, which leads to the fast time-varying nonlinear coupling relationship between the permanent magnetic field and the electromagnetic field, and between the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, which brings difficulty to its simulation. Aiming at the difficulty, this article designs a new cosimulation method: First, the equivalent magnetic circuit of the bistable permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is established, and the ternary correspondence relationship of its electromechanical parameters is proved analytically for the first time. Then, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit in dynamic process of bistable PMA is proposed for the first time by analogy with the transformer model, and the calculation method of the time-varying parameters in this model is given. Finally, the "equivalent electric circuit" of magnetic circuit is used as a link, so the hardware circuit, software strategy, and PMCB are connected together to form a point-by-point closed-loop cosimulation method. This simulation method can reflect the dynamic interaction between the electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field of the breaking and closing magnetic circuits, and also can reflect the dynamic interaction between the control module and the PMCB. So this method lays the foundation for simulation design of the high-performance bistable PMCB.
Keyword ：
Bistable PMCB Bistable PMCB cosimulation cosimulation equivalent circuit equivalent circuit magnetic circuit coupling magnetic circuit coupling
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) : 2800-2809 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 71 . 3 (2024) : 2800-2809 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Luan, Shixu . Cosimulation of Bistable Permanent Magnet Circuit Breakers . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2024 , 71 (3) , 2800-2809 . |
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Abstract ：
Based on dsPIC33F series microcontroller and the full bridge drive circuit built by BridgeSwitch1267C integrated half-bridge chip, this paper designs an integrated intelligent contactor controller with the function of voltage drop resistance: The volume and cost of the control module are further reduced by reusing the rectifier output voltage regulator capacitor as a backup power supply; With the intelligent control strategy of flux closed-loop starting, silent energy saving reliable holding and negative pressure rapid breaking, the control module not only has the function of resisting voltage drop, but also takes into account the dynamic performance of contact bounce suppression, noise elimination and arc erosion reduction; By controlling the drive circuit alone, the control module can gently switch among starting, normal holding, voltage drop resistance holding and breaking, which reducing the coil excitation loop and increasing the reliability of the control module. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Controllers Controllers Electric power system control Electric power system control Electric rectifiers Electric rectifiers Energy conservation Energy conservation Voltage regulators Voltage regulators
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Shuangling , Tang, Longfei . Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance [C] . 2024 : 849-856 . |
| MLA | Liu, Shuangling et al. "Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance" . (2024) : 849-856 . |
| APA | Liu, Shuangling , Tang, Longfei . Design of Integrated Intelligent Contactor Control Module with Function of Voltage Drop Resistance . (2024) : 849-856 . |
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Abstract ：
Traditional bi-stable permanent magnet circuit breakers use two coils that share a common magnetic circuit to control the breaking and closing operations respectively. The electromagnetic coupling relationship involved in the dynamic process is more complex, not only in the respective magnetic circuits, there is mutual coupling between the permanent magnet magnetic field and the electromagnetic field, but also between the closing and breaking coils. Based on the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, this article designs a magnetic circuit separation bi-stable permanent magnet operating mechanism, adding the design of magnetic isolation to improve its magnetic field coupling and reduce the effect of magnetic field coupling on the motion characteristics of the mechanism. This article uses the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to model and calculate the operating mechanism, and produces a prototype based on the calculation results. The experimental results of the prototype demonstrate that the addition of magnetic isolation design meets the requirements for speed characteristics, while the response time is faster than the design without magnetic isolation, and the experimental result is more consistent with the simulation results. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Computer software Computer software Electric circuit breakers Electric circuit breakers Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic fields Finite element method Finite element method Magnetic circuits Magnetic circuits Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Timing circuits Timing circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jimin , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism [C] . 2024 : 59-67 . |
| MLA | Chen, Jimin et al. "Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism" . (2024) : 59-67 . |
| APA | Chen, Jimin , Tang, Longfei . Design of Magnetic Circuit Isolation Bi-stable Permanent Magnet Operating Mechanism . (2024) : 59-67 . |
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Abstract ：
The breaking and closing operation process of bi-stable permanent magnetic actuator (BPMA) is flexible and controllable, and can achieve the permanent magnet locking effect at the steady-state position. However, during its operation, the breaking and closing air gap electromagnetic and permanent magnet flux linkage are coupled, which will affect the action characteristics of the moving core. Therefore, this article constructs the voltage balance equation of the breaking and closing coils through the equivalent circuit of coil decoupling, and analyzes the parameters that affect the coupling phenomenon; Design a current closed-loop to control the actuator. Through co-simulation of LabVIEW and Multisim, analyze the influence of the electromotive force induced by the coupling phenomenon at each stage of the breaking and closing process, explore the mechanism of the coupling phenomenon, and the impact of the coupling effect on the action process; Finally, experimental waveforms were obtained through an embedded control system, and the accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing the simulated waveforms. This indicates the reliability of the coupling phenomenon analysis through simulation. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.
Keyword ：
Closed loop control systems Closed loop control systems Equivalent circuits Equivalent circuits Flux linkage Flux linkage Locks (fasteners) Locks (fasteners) Magnetic actuators Magnetic actuators Permanent magnets Permanent magnets Reliability analysis Reliability analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator [C] . 2024 : 658-666 . |
| MLA | Chen, Mingjun et al. "Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator" . (2024) : 658-666 . |
| APA | Chen, Mingjun , Tang, Longfei . Analysis of Air Gap Coupling Phenomenon in Bi-stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator . (2024) : 658-666 . |
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The traditional contactor’s optimization design process requires static calculation, prototype production, and repeated testing, which consumes much time and is high cost, demanding substantial human and material resources. The finite element dynamic simulation method has become the main way to optimize the contactor design but it is hindered by prolonged calculation time. The optimization design method is mainly based on the orthogonal experimental method, which can only generate the local optimal solutions at the experimental level. Intelligent optimization design algorithms can achieve global optimal solutions but require a lot of iterative calculations. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved optimization algorithm for the dynamic process of contactors to reduce the electromagnetic and mechanical inertia of contactors and increase the magnetic density. The response speed of the mechanism and the utilization rate of magnetic materials are improved, reducing contact bounces. Firstly, considering the external leakage flux and magnetic field’s distribution characteristics in contactors, an improved magnetic circuit model is constructed based on the three-dimensional finite element dynamic simulation to calculate parameters. Then, an improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is introduced for optimization design. The number of Pareto fronts is used to judge the evolution process of the population, and the adaptive genetic differential hybrid evolution strategy is realized, improving global convergence and convergence speed. Finally, combined with a constant flux closed-loop control strategy and multi-objective optimization design, the speed response and magnetic material utilization are improved by reducing electromagnetic and mechanical inertia while increasing magnetic density to mitigate contact bounces. Simulations and experiments are conducted on the improved magnetic circuit model. The results show that the simulation and experimental waveforms are almost consistent, with errors of less than 3% within the allowable range. Combined with the improved magnetic circuit model and the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm, the contactor design is optimized by the flux linkage closed-loop. The optimization results show that the prototype's holding power is reduced to 0.72 W, the average bounce time is reduced to 0.7 ms, the average number of bounce times is reduced to 2, the number of coil turns is reduced to 1 304, and the magnetic density is increased from 0.54 T to 0.73 T, improving the utilization rate of magnetic materials and reducing the power consumption. The following conclusions can be obtained: (1) An improved magnetic circuit model, considering the external magnetic leakage and magnetic field distributions in the dynamic process of the contactors, maintains computational efficiency and accuracy across structural parameters and control strategy variations, suitable for optimizing electromagnetic mechanisms with diverse parametric forms. (2) The improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm judges the population evolution using the number of individuals in the Pareto frontier and selects evolution strategies and probability settings according to different stages of population evolution, thereby effectively reducing the calculation number of fitness functions and enhancing the global convergence. (3) Under constant flux closed-loop control, the electromagnetic and mechanical inertia, contact bounces, and material utilization rate are taken as the main optimization indicators. The designed prototype has advantages such as fast response, short contact bounce time, high material utilization rate, and low holding power. © 2024 China Machine Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Circuit simulation Circuit simulation Design Design Dynamics Dynamics Equivalent circuits Equivalent circuits Finite element method Finite element method Genetic algorithms Genetic algorithms Iterative methods Iterative methods Magnetic circuits Magnetic circuits Magnetic leakage Magnetic leakage Magnetic materials Magnetic materials Multiobjective optimization Multiobjective optimization Optimal systems Optimal systems Timing circuits Timing circuits
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Yao, Linrui , Yang, Wenwei . Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage [J]. | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2024 , 39 (10) : 3206-3217 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage" . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 39 . 10 (2024) : 3206-3217 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Yao, Linrui , Yang, Wenwei . Optimal Design Method of Contactor Under Closed-Loop Control of Flux Linkage . | Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2024 , 39 (10) , 3206-3217 . |
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鉴于单稳态永磁接触器现有的控制方案存在成本高、可靠性低且优化困难等缺陷，该文提出一种集成化磁链闭环控制方案。首先，将电机传动领域的专用集成功率芯片应用到单稳态永磁接触器的智能控制中，设计其集成驱动电路；在此基础上，采用磁链闭环直接控制接触器的总磁链，在合闸过程中仅需设置一较小的恒定磁链参考值，即可实现自动弱磁，防止合闸末期永磁力过大造成严重的触头弹跳；在分闸过程中仅需设置总磁链参考值为0，即可使电磁磁链实时抵消永磁磁链，防止产生剩余吸力，造成分断速度降低，进而提高分闸性能。该文提出的方案既简化了单稳态永磁接触器硬件控制电路的设计，又降低了其优化控制的难度，对高性能永磁接触器的工程推广具有参考价值。
Keyword ：
弱磁控制 弱磁控制 永磁接触器 永磁接触器 磁链闭环 磁链闭环 集成化驱动 集成化驱动
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 郑兴新 . 单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术 [J]. | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (12) : 4956-4966 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术" . | 中国电机工程学报 44 . 12 (2024) : 4956-4966 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 郑兴新 . 单稳态永磁接触器集成化磁链闭环控制技术 . | 中国电机工程学报 , 2024 , 44 (12) , 4956-4966 . |
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该文对接触器的优化设计进行研究，将磁链闭环控制引入接触器本体优化设计中，实现控制策略与本体优化设计的协同。首先，综合考虑接触器的外部漏磁和磁场分布特性，在三维有限元动态仿真的基础上构建改进的磁路模型，以实现磁路模型的参数化计算。然后，提出了一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）与磁路模型相结合进行优化设计，以Pareto前沿个数判断种群进化进程，实现自适应遗传-差分混合进化策略，提高了多目标优化设计算法的全局收敛性和收敛速度。最后，将恒磁链闭环控制策略与多目标优化设计相结合，通过减小接触器的电磁惯性、机械惯性及提高控制磁通密度，来提高机构响应速度和磁性材料利用率，同时减小触头弹跳。仿真及实验验证了改进磁路模型及多目标优化设计方法的有效性。
Keyword ：
优化设计 优化设计 接触器 接触器 改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ) 改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ) 磁路法 磁路法
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| GB/T 7714 | 汤龙飞 , 姚林睿 , 阳文蔚 . 磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法 [J]. | 电工技术学报 , 2024 , 39 (10) : 3206-3217 . |
| MLA | 汤龙飞 et al. "磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法" . | 电工技术学报 39 . 10 (2024) : 3206-3217 . |
| APA | 汤龙飞 , 姚林睿 , 阳文蔚 . 磁链闭环控制下接触器的优化设计方法 . | 电工技术学报 , 2024 , 39 (10) , 3206-3217 . |
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For the first time, a direct electromagnetic force closed-loop control strategy for a contactor is proposed in this article. First, an electromagnetic force observer based on a neural network is designed according to a binary one-to-one mapping of the electromagnetic mechanism parameters to observe the real-time electromagnetic force. Then, the real-time spring reaction force is obtained by combining the observed electromagnetic force with the mechanical motion equation and the spring reaction equation. Finally, a constant force margin is added to the real-time reaction force as the reference curve, and the real-time observed electromagnetic force is used as the feedback; thus, direct electromagnetic force closed-loop control is realized through hysteresis regulation. This scheme can control the constant positive acceleration of the movable core in the dynamic process by taking only the constant force margin as the control target, which ensures the reliable action of the contactor and controls the total kinetic energy of the movable core to control the impact energy and inhibit the contact bounces. Therefore, the direct electromagnetic force closed loop can more accurately and directly realize the dynamic matching of the electromagnetic force and reaction force, which is of great significance to the optimization control of the contactor dynamic process.
Keyword ：
Closed-loop control Closed-loop control contactor contactor Couplings Couplings Dynamics Dynamics electromagnetic force observer electromagnetic force observer Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetics Electromagnetics Force Force Mathematical models Mathematical models neural network neural network spring reaction force spring reaction force Springs Springs
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| GB/T 7714 | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Wei , Xu, Zhihong . A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor [J]. | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2023 , 70 (2) : 1740-1750 . |
| MLA | Tang, Longfei et al. "A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor" . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 70 . 2 (2023) : 1740-1750 . |
| APA | Tang, Longfei , Chen, Wei , Xu, Zhihong . A Direct Electromagnetic Force Closed-Loop Control Strategy for a Contactor . | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS , 2023 , 70 (2) , 1740-1750 . |
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