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学者姓名：杨贞标
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Abstract ：
Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is crucial to the occurrence of phase transitions. Once a phase transition occurs, a quantum system presents degenerate eigenstates that lack the symmetry of the Hamiltonian. After crossing the critical point, the system is essentially evolved to a quantum superposition of these eigenstates until decoherence sets in. Despite the fundamental importance and potential applications in quantum technologies, such quantum-mechanical SSB phenomena have not been experimentally explored in many-body systems. We here present an experimental demonstration of the SSB process in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, governed by the competition between the individual driving and intraqubit interaction. The model is realized in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system, where 6 Xmon qubits are coupled in an all-to-all manner through virtual photon exchange mediated by a resonator. The observed nonclassical correlations among these qubits in the symmetry-breaking region go beyond the conventional description of SSB, shedding new light on phase transitions for quantum many-body systems. © 2025 American Physical Society.
Keyword ：
Quantum channel Quantum channel Quantum electronics Quantum electronics Quantum entanglement Quantum entanglement Quantum optics Quantum optics Qubits Qubits
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Ri-Hua , Ning, Wen , Lü, Jia-Hao et al. Experimental Demonstration of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking with Emergent Multiqubit Entanglement [J]. | Physical Review Letters , 2025 , 134 (15) . |
| MLA | Zheng, Ri-Hua et al. "Experimental Demonstration of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking with Emergent Multiqubit Entanglement" . | Physical Review Letters 134 . 15 (2025) . |
| APA | Zheng, Ri-Hua , Ning, Wen , Lü, Jia-Hao , Yu, Xue-Jia , Wu, Fan , Deng, Cheng-Lin et al. Experimental Demonstration of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking with Emergent Multiqubit Entanglement . | Physical Review Letters , 2025 , 134 (15) . |
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Dissipation usually plays a negative role in quantum metrological technologies, which aim to improve measurement precision by leveraging quantum effects that are vulnerable to environment-induced decoherence. Recently, it has been demonstrated that dissipation can actually be used as a favorable resource for enhancing the susceptibility of signal detection. However, demonstrations of such enhancement for detecting physical quantities in open quantum systems are still lacking. Here a protocol is proposed and demonstrated for realizing such non-Hermitian quantum sensors for probing the coupling between a qubit and a resonator subjecting to energy dissipations. The excitation-number conversion associated with the no-jump evolution trajectory enables removal of the noisy outcomes with quantum jumps, implementing the exceptional point (EP), where the Rabi splitting exhibits a divergent behavior in response to a tiny variation of the effective coupling. The sensitivity enhancement near the EP is confirmed by both theoretical calculation and experimental measurement.
Keyword ：
exceptional point exceptional point quantum sensing quantum sensing superconducting circuit superconducting circuit
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| GB/T 7714 | Han, Pei-Rong , Wu, Fan , Huang, Xin-Jie et al. Enhancement of Sensitivity Near Exceptional Points in Dissipative Qubit-Resonator Systems [J]. | ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES , 2025 . |
| MLA | Han, Pei-Rong et al. "Enhancement of Sensitivity Near Exceptional Points in Dissipative Qubit-Resonator Systems" . | ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES (2025) . |
| APA | Han, Pei-Rong , Wu, Fan , Huang, Xin-Jie , Wu, Huai-Zhi , Zou, Chang-Ling , Yi, Wei et al. Enhancement of Sensitivity Near Exceptional Points in Dissipative Qubit-Resonator Systems . | ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES , 2025 . |
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Quantum operations by utilizing the underlying geometric phases produced in physical systems are favoured due to their potential robustness. When a system in a non-degenerate eigenstate undergoes an adiabatically cyclic evolution dominated by its Hamiltonian, it will get a geometric phase, referred to as the Berry Phase. While a non-adiabatically cyclic evolution produces an Aharonov-Anandan geometric phase. The two types of Abelian geometric phases are extended to the non-Abelian cases, where the phase factors become matrix-valued and the transformations associated with different loops are non-commutable. Abelian and non-Abelian (holonomic) operations are prevalent in discrete variable systems, whose limited (say, two) energy levels, form the qubit. While their developments in continuous systems have also been investigated, mainly due to that, bosonic modes (in, such as, cat states) with large Hilbert spaces, provide potential advantages in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we propose a feasible scheme to realize non-adiabatic holonomic quantum logic operations in continuous variable systems with cat codes. We construct arbitrary single-qubit (two-qubit) gates with the combination of single- and two-photon drivings applied to a Kerr Parametric Oscillator (KPO) (the coupled KPOs). Our scheme relaxes the requirements of the previously proposed quantum geometric operation strategies in continuous variable systems, providing an effective way for quantum control.
Keyword ：
cat qubit cat qubit continuous variable systems continuous variable systems non-Abelian non-Abelian
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Hao-Long , Kang, Yi-Hao , Wu, Fan et al. Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum operations in continuous variable systems [J]. | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY , 2024 , 67 (6) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Hao-Long et al. "Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum operations in continuous variable systems" . | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY 67 . 6 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Hao-Long , Kang, Yi-Hao , Wu, Fan , Yang, Zhen-Biao , Zheng, Shi-Biao . Non-adiabatic holonomic quantum operations in continuous variable systems . | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY , 2024 , 67 (6) . |
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Bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) remains the central topic in modern condensed matter physics and has received a boost of interest with the recent discovery of non-Hermitian skin effects. However, there still exist profound features of BBC that are beyond the existing framework. Here, we report the unexpected behavior of BBC when the Hamiltonian contains terms of the form d0(k)I , which serves as a momentum dependent energy shift. For Hermitian cases, the momentum dependent energy shift can force the system to be metallic, where topological phase transitions can take place with the upper and the lower bands kept untouched. The modified BBC should be reconstructed from the perspective of the indirect band gap. In non-Hermitian cases, skin effects are found to be capable of coexisting with the preserved BBC, of which the process can be greatly facilitated by the complex d0(k)I . Remarkably, such results can be led to a further step, and contrary to the intuition, the modified BBC in Hermitian systems can be restored to be conventional by including extra non-Hermiticity. The physical origin for these phenomena lies in that d0(k)I can drastically change the point gap topology. Finally, the corresponding experimental simulations are proposed via the platforms of electric circuits.
Keyword ：
bulk-boundary correspondence bulk-boundary correspondence double side discontinuous non-Hermitian skin effect double side discontinuous non-Hermitian skin effect momentum dependent energy shift momentum dependent energy shift
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Huan-Yu , Yang, Zhen-Biao , Liu, Wu-Ming . Bulk-boundary correspondence in topological systems with the momentum dependent energy shift [J]. | QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 9 (2) . |
| MLA | Wang, Huan-Yu et al. "Bulk-boundary correspondence in topological systems with the momentum dependent energy shift" . | QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9 . 2 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Huan-Yu , Yang, Zhen-Biao , Liu, Wu-Ming . Bulk-boundary correspondence in topological systems with the momentum dependent energy shift . | QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 9 (2) . |
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Superradiant phase transition and entanglement entropy in the Dicke model with a squeezed light are investigated. We find a special rotation coordinate system mapping the original Hamiltonian into an effective dual-oscillator Hamiltonian in the thermodynamic limit. We analytically derive the eigenenergy and eigenstate of the ground state. The ground state is demonstrated to undergo superradiant phase transition at a nonlinear critical boundary collectively induced by the squeezed driving and qubit-field coupling. This phase boundary requires neither large qubit-field detuning nor strong squeezed driving. An exact expression of the ground-state entropy is obtained. We demonstrate that the squeezed light enhances the qubit-field entanglement entropy linearly.
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| GB/T 7714 | Shen, Li-Tuo , Pei, Xuan-Tong , Shi, Zhi-Cheng et al. Quantum phase transition and entanglement entropy in the Dicke model with a squeezed light [J]. | EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D , 2024 , 78 (7) . |
| MLA | Shen, Li-Tuo et al. "Quantum phase transition and entanglement entropy in the Dicke model with a squeezed light" . | EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D 78 . 7 (2024) . |
| APA | Shen, Li-Tuo , Pei, Xuan-Tong , Shi, Zhi-Cheng , Yang, Zhen-Biao . Quantum phase transition and entanglement entropy in the Dicke model with a squeezed light . | EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D , 2024 , 78 (7) . |
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) plays a central role in understanding a large variety of phenomena associated with phase transitions, such as superfluid and superconductivity. So far, the transition from a symmetric vacuum to a macroscopically ordered phase has been substantially explored. The process bridging these two distinct phases is critical to understanding how a classical world emerges from a quantum phase transition, but so far remains unexplored in experiment. We here report an experimental demonstration of such a process with a quantum Rabi model engineered with a superconducting circuit. We move the system from the normal phase to the superradiant phase featuring two symmetry-breaking field components, one of which is observed to emerge as the classical reality. The results demonstrate that the environment-induced decoherence plays a critical role in the SSB.
Keyword ：
quantum phase transition quantum phase transition Rabi model Rabi model Schrodinger cat states Schrodinger cat states spontaneous symmetry breaking spontaneous symmetry breaking superconducting circuit superconducting circuit
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| GB/T 7714 | Ning, Wen , Zheng, Ri-Hua , Lue, Jia-Hao et al. Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition [J]. | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY , 2024 , 67 (2) . |
| MLA | Ning, Wen et al. "Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition" . | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY 67 . 2 (2024) . |
| APA | Ning, Wen , Zheng, Ri-Hua , Lue, Jia-Hao , Wu, Fan , Yang, Zhen-Biao , Zheng, Shi-Biao . Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition . | SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY , 2024 , 67 (2) . |
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Understanding the dynamical behavior of a qubit in a reservoir is critical to applications in quantum technological protocols, ranging from quantum computation to quantum metrology. The effect of the reservoir depends on the reservoir's spectral structure as well as on the qubit-reservoir coupling strength. We here propose a measure for quantifying the non-Markovian effect of a reservoir with a Lorentzian spectrum, based on the maximum qubit-reservoir quantum entanglement that can be extracted. Numerical simulation shows that this entanglement exhibits a monotonous behavior in response to the variation of the coupling strength. We confirm the validity of this measure with an experiment where a superconducting qubit is controllably coupled to a lossy resonator, which acts as a reservoir for the qubit. The experimental results illustrate that the maximal extractable entanglement is progressively increased with the strengthening of non-Markovianity.
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| GB/T 7714 | Han, Pei-Rong , Wu, Fan , Huang, Xin-Jie et al. Characterization of non-Markovianity with maximal extractable qubit-reservoir entanglement [J]. | APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS , 2024 , 125 (12) . |
| MLA | Han, Pei-Rong et al. "Characterization of non-Markovianity with maximal extractable qubit-reservoir entanglement" . | APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 125 . 12 (2024) . |
| APA | Han, Pei-Rong , Wu, Fan , Huang, Xin-Jie , Wu, Huai-Zhi , Yi, Wei , Wen, Jianming et al. Characterization of non-Markovianity with maximal extractable qubit-reservoir entanglement . | APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS , 2024 , 125 (12) . |
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Investigation of the nonlocality evolution of entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence not only is important for understanding the quantum-classical transition, but also has relevance to quantum communication and quantum computation protocols based on continuous variables. According to previous formulations of Bell inequalities, the system loses nonlocal features far before the disappearance of entanglement. We here construct a new version of Bell signal based on rotated and displaced on-off correlations, with which the Bell inequality is violated as long as there remains entanglement and the field state components keep quasiorthogonal. Consequently, the nonlocal character revealed by our formulation decays much slower compared with those based on previous ones. More importantly, there exists a wide regime where the Bell inequality is restored with previous formulations but remains to be violated based on our correlation operators.
Keyword ：
Bell inequality Bell inequality entangled mesoscopic fields entangled mesoscopic fields nonlocality evolution nonlocality evolution rotated and displaced on-off correlations rotated and displaced on-off correlations
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| GB/T 7714 | Tan, Zhao-Song , Yang, Shou-Bang , Yang, Zhen-Biao et al. Quantum nonlocality evolution for two entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence [J]. | COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS , 2024 , 76 (1) . |
| MLA | Tan, Zhao-Song et al. "Quantum nonlocality evolution for two entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence" . | COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS 76 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Tan, Zhao-Song , Yang, Shou-Bang , Yang, Zhen-Biao , Zheng, Shi-Biao . Quantum nonlocality evolution for two entangled mesoscopic fields under decoherence . | COMMUNICATIONS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS , 2024 , 76 (1) . |
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We investigate the quantum phase transition in the anisotropic Dicke model through an examination of the quantum geometric tensor of the ground state. In this analysis, two distinct classical limits exhibit their unique anisotropic characteristics. The classical spin limit demonstrates a preference for the rotating-wave coupling, whereas the classical oscillator limit exhibits symmetry in the coupling strength of the bias. The anisotropic features of the classical spin limit persist at finite scales. Furthermore, we observe that the interplay among the anisotropic ratio, spin length, and frequency ratio can collectively enhance the critical behaviors. This critical enhancement without a trade-off between these factors provides a flexible method for quantum precision measurement.
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhu, Xin , Lu, Jia-Hao , Ning, Wen et al. Quantum geometric tensor and critical metrology in the anisotropic Dicke model [J]. | PHYSICAL REVIEW A , 2024 , 109 (5) . |
| MLA | Zhu, Xin et al. "Quantum geometric tensor and critical metrology in the anisotropic Dicke model" . | PHYSICAL REVIEW A 109 . 5 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhu, Xin , Lu, Jia-Hao , Ning, Wen , Shen, Li-Tuo , Wu, Fan , Yang, Zhen-Biao . Quantum geometric tensor and critical metrology in the anisotropic Dicke model . | PHYSICAL REVIEW A , 2024 , 109 (5) . |
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Parametrically driven nonlinear resonators represent a building block for realizing fault -tolerant quantum computation and are useful for critical quantum sensing. From a fundamental viewpoint, the most intriguing feature of such a system is perhaps the critical phenomena, which can occur without interaction with any other quantum system. The nonanalytic behaviors of its eigenspectrum have been substantially investigated, but those associated with the ground state wavefunction have largely remained unexplored. Using the quantum ground state geometric tensor as an indicator, we comprehensively establish a phase diagram involving the driving parameter epsilon and phase 0 . The results reveal that with the increase in epsilon , the system undergoes a quantum phase transition from the normal to the symmetry -breaking phase, with the critical point unaffected by 0 . Furthermore, the critical exponent and scaling dimension are obtained by an exact numerical method, which is consistent with previous works. Our numerical results show that the phase transition falls within the universality class of the quantum Rabi model. This work reveals that the quantum metric and Berry curvature display diverging behaviors across the quantum phase transition. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Hao-long , Lu, Jia-hao , Chen, Ken et al. Critical quantum geometric tensors of parametrically-driven nonlinear resonators [J]. | OPTICS EXPRESS , 2024 , 32 (13) : 22566-22577 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Hao-long et al. "Critical quantum geometric tensors of parametrically-driven nonlinear resonators" . | OPTICS EXPRESS 32 . 13 (2024) : 22566-22577 . |
| APA | Zhang, Hao-long , Lu, Jia-hao , Chen, Ken , Yu, Xue-jia , Wu, Fan , Yang, Zhen-biao et al. Critical quantum geometric tensors of parametrically-driven nonlinear resonators . | OPTICS EXPRESS , 2024 , 32 (13) , 22566-22577 . |
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