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学者姓名：钟富兰
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Abstract ：
目的 简述微通道法用于纳米粒子合成的研究进展.方法 对比釜式反应器和微通道反应器的差异,总结国内外研究人员使用微通道合成纳米材料的研究成果.结果 浅述了微通道法在无机纳米粒子、有机聚合物纳米粒子和复合物核壳纳米粒子等方面的应用研究进展.结论 微通道反应器具有传质传热效率高、操作简单及本征安全等优点,从小试实验到工业化生产无放大效应,在纳米材料制备方面具有广阔前景和重要意义.
Keyword ：
微通道 微通道 研究进展 研究进展 纳米粒子 纳米粒子
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| GB/T 7714 | 王淼 , 高超鸿 , 钟富兰 et al. 微通道法合成纳米粒子研究进展 [J]. | 宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版） , 2025 , 45 (1) : 44-51 . |
| MLA | 王淼 et al. "微通道法合成纳米粒子研究进展" . | 宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版） 45 . 1 (2025) : 44-51 . |
| APA | 王淼 , 高超鸿 , 钟富兰 , 肖旺钏 . 微通道法合成纳米粒子研究进展 . | 宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版） , 2025 , 45 (1) , 44-51 . |
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Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (DA-SOFCs) have triggered great interest due to their efficient power generation from ammonia directly. However, the compatible match of ammonia decomposition and electrooxidation in the DA-SOFCs remains greatly challenging due to their endo/exothermic properties. Herein, multi-sizes tubular DA-SOFCs were systematically investigated for performance evaluation of power output and ammonia decomposition. Accordingly, a multi-scale electro-thermo model for tubular DA-SOFC was established to intensify the synergy between complex physical-chemical processes and geometry. With the combination of experimental work and simulations, the effects of operating conditions and geometry were comprehensively evaluated. Significantly, the rates of ammonia decomposition and electrooxidation could be effectively matched through the optimization of operating conditions. The geometric design further enables the temperature-zoning of the two processes, competently enhancing the thermal coupling between them. Conclusively, the correlation equations linking the operating conditions, geometry and electrical efficiency were proposed for the scaling-up of tubular DA-SOFCs unit. The tubular DA-SOFC achieves 3.5 W with 60% electrical efficiency, and performed a satisfactory stability for over 330 h. This study provides guidance for oriented design of tubular DA-SOFCs with high electrical efficiency.
Keyword ：
direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells geometric design geometric design multi-scale electro-thermo model multi-scale electro-thermo model operating conditions operating conditions performance enhancement performance enhancement
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Shuai , Liao, Xiaofei , You, Jiacheng et al. Enhanced coupling of the tubular direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells for efficient ammonia-to-power [J]. | AICHE JOURNAL , 2025 , 71 (5) . |
| MLA | Chen, Shuai et al. "Enhanced coupling of the tubular direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells for efficient ammonia-to-power" . | AICHE JOURNAL 71 . 5 (2025) . |
| APA | Chen, Shuai , Liao, Xiaofei , You, Jiacheng , Jiang, Yiting , Zhong, Fulan , Fang, Huihuang et al. Enhanced coupling of the tubular direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells for efficient ammonia-to-power . | AICHE JOURNAL , 2025 , 71 (5) . |
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Abstract ：
Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (NH3-SOFCs) have been triggered great attention due to its high efficiency and "zero-carbon emission". The anode catalysts are remaining challenging because of the complex reaction processes of NH3-SOFCs. This work presents the enhanced electrochemical performance by combining the electronic-ionic conductivity of alloys and oxygen conductor, and provides molecular engineering insights into the ammonia oxidation mechanism. Fe atoms were partially substituted by Ni atoms to form spinel ZnFe2-xNixO4 (ZFNx) oxides, which contributes to in-situ exsolution of the Fe-Ni alloys as active anodes of NH3-SOFCs under reducing atmosphere. Meanwhile, the derived ZnO acts as an oxide carrier with the electrolyte Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (GDC), improving the dispersion of the alloy particles and providing a new avenue for oxygen ion conductivity. The composite anode ZFN0.05-40GDC ensures sufficient electron and oxygen ion transfer. Consequently, the electrolyte-supported single cell gives the optimal power output of 224 mW/cm2 in NH3, 2.8 times higher than commercial NiO-40YSZ one at 800 degrees C. By distribution of relaxation time as well as Bode plots analysis, the preferential reaction mechanism and rate-determining step are proposed in the anode reaction.
Keyword ：
Anode reaction mechanism Anode reaction mechanism Electrochemical performance Electrochemical performance Fe-Ni alloy Fe-Ni alloy In-situ exsolution In-situ exsolution NH3-SOFCs NH3-SOFCs
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Fulan , Ye, Weijie , Yang, Puxin et al. Unveiling the interfacial reaction of the exsolved Fe-Ni alloy from spinel ZnFe2-xNixO4 as active anode for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2025 , 309 . |
| MLA | Zhong, Fulan et al. "Unveiling the interfacial reaction of the exsolved Fe-Ni alloy from spinel ZnFe2-xNixO4 as active anode for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 309 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhong, Fulan , Ye, Weijie , Yang, Puxin , Jiang, Yiting , Fang, Huihuang , Luo, Yu et al. Unveiling the interfacial reaction of the exsolved Fe-Ni alloy from spinel ZnFe2-xNixO4 as active anode for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2025 , 309 . |
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Ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (NH3-SOFC) presents a synergistic avenue towards renewable energy yet it remains challenging due to the sluggish kinetics of NH3 electro-oxidation in traditional Nickel–yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni–YSZ). Herein, we employ La1-xSrxFeO3-δ (LSF) via Sr2+ substitution strategy in classical LaFeO3 perovskite as anode, aiming to boost energy power generation for NH3-SOFC. Interestingly, the structure of LSF transforms from single perovskite to Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) layered perovskite with exsolution of Fe nanoparticles while no phase change in LaFeO3 is found under reducing conditions. Such a Sr-induced structural evolution can throttle the H2 adsorption capacity to retard the “hydrogen poisoning” behavior and endow LSF with medium-strong basic sites, facilitating efficient recombination of N atoms into N2 molecules for NH3 electro-oxidation. The R-P structure perovskite LSF induces changes in charge density, facilitating the accommodation of abundant oxygen vacancies. The release of active Fe nanoparticles promotes the exposure of active sites, enhancing electron transfer and resulting in high catalytic performance and excellent stability. As a result, the maximum power output of LSF anode using NH3 reaches 98 % of that of H2 and is 3.7 times higher than that of Ni-YSZ. The preferential NH3 oxidation mechanism is proposed in view of relaxation time distribution as well as Bode plots. © 2025
Keyword ：
Ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells Ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells Anode catalysts Anode catalysts Reaction mechanism Reaction mechanism Renewable energy Renewable energy Structural evolution Structural evolution
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, F. , Yang, P. , Jiang, Y. et al. Boosting Fe-exsoluted catalyst via Sr-induced structural evolution for ammonia-fueled SOFC distributed energy power generation system [J]. | Fuel , 2025 , 402 . |
| MLA | Zhong, F. et al. "Boosting Fe-exsoluted catalyst via Sr-induced structural evolution for ammonia-fueled SOFC distributed energy power generation system" . | Fuel 402 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhong, F. , Yang, P. , Jiang, Y. , You, J. , Qiu, Y. , Fang, H. et al. Boosting Fe-exsoluted catalyst via Sr-induced structural evolution for ammonia-fueled SOFC distributed energy power generation system . | Fuel , 2025 , 402 . |
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The development of the anode with high catalytic activity for ammonia (NH3) oxidation and compatible with electrolyte is of great significance for the commercial application of direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (NH3-SOFC). The work showed an enhancement of electrochemical performance by optimal design and molecular engineering insights into ammonia oxidation mechanism in depth. Sr-doped LaCr0.85Ni0.15O3 (LSxCN) oxides and defect-induced LaySr0.3Cr0.85Ni0.15O3 (LyS0.3CN) oxides were developed to establish the structure-performance relationship of the component-optimized anodes. After optimal design of the single cell structure, it was found that the electrochemical activity can be significantly improved by adding the isolation layer Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 (GDC) and tuning the defective nonequilibrium of LyS0.3CN. As a result, the electrolyte-supported NH3-SOFC using defect-induced L0.60S0.3CN anode with 50 sccm NH3 as fuel gas gives the maximum power density of 501 mW/ cm2 at 800 degrees C, 8.8 times higher than that of traditional NiO anode (57 mW/cm2). Based on relaxation time distribution analysis, the preferential rate-limiting step of the single cell may be proposed.
Keyword ：
Ammonia oxidation Ammonia oxidation Anode Anode Isolation layer Isolation layer NH3-SOFC NH3-SOFC Ni0 particles Ni0 particles
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Fulan , Gao, Yijie , Jiang, Yiting et al. Optimal design and evaluation of direct ammonia SOFC based on defect-induced LaySr0.3Cr0.85Ni0.15O3-δ anode [J]. | JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY , 2025 , 45 (15) . |
| MLA | Zhong, Fulan et al. "Optimal design and evaluation of direct ammonia SOFC based on defect-induced LaySr0.3Cr0.85Ni0.15O3-δ anode" . | JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 45 . 15 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhong, Fulan , Gao, Yijie , Jiang, Yiting , Fang, Huihuang , Luo, Yu , Chen, Chongqi et al. Optimal design and evaluation of direct ammonia SOFC based on defect-induced LaySr0.3Cr0.85Ni0.15O3-δ anode . | JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY , 2025 , 45 (15) . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia is an exceptional fuel for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), because of the high content of hydrogen and the advantages of carbon neutrality. However, the challenge lies in its unsatisfactory performance at intermediate temperatures (500-600 degrees C), impeding its advancement. An electrolyte-supported proton-ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) was fabricated employing BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-delta (BZCY) as the electrolyte and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) as the cathode. In this study, the performance of PCFC using NH3 as fuel within an operating temperature range of 500-700 degrees C was improved by adding an M(Ni,Ru)/CeO(2 )catalyst layer to reconstruct the anode surface. The electrochemical performance of direct ammonia PCFC (DA-PCFC) were improved to different extents. Compared to H-2 as fuel, the degradation ratio of peak power densities (PPDs) of Ni/CeO2-loaded PCFC fueled with NH3 decreased at 700-500 degrees C, with a decrease to 13.3% at 700 degrees C and 30.7% at 500 degrees C. The findings indicate that Ru-based catalysts have a greater promise for direct ammonia SOFCs (DA-SOFCs) at operating temperatures below 600 degrees C. However, the enhancement effect becomes less significant above 600 degrees C when compared to Ni-based catalysts.
Keyword ：
ammonia ammonia anode anode M/CeO2 catalyst layer M/CeO2 catalyst layer proton-ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) proton-ceramic fuel cell (PCFC)
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Xiaoxiao , Chen, Jiangping , Huang, Yunyun et al. Performance-enhanced direct ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cells using CeO2-supported Ni and Ru catalyst layer [J]. | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY , 2024 , 18 (6) : 875-884 . |
| MLA | Li, Xiaoxiao et al. "Performance-enhanced direct ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cells using CeO2-supported Ni and Ru catalyst layer" . | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY 18 . 6 (2024) : 875-884 . |
| APA | Li, Xiaoxiao , Chen, Jiangping , Huang, Yunyun , Fang, Huihuang , Chen, Chongqi , Zhong, Fulan et al. Performance-enhanced direct ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cells using CeO2-supported Ni and Ru catalyst layer . | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY , 2024 , 18 (6) , 875-884 . |
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An effective B-site doping strategy through heterovalent ions was developed to synthesize a series of pyrochlore Pr2Zr1.95X0.05O7+delta (PZX, X = Mn, Sc, Sn, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, In) for the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell (DA-SOFC) cathode. To guide the design of efficient cathodes for DA-SOFC, we explore the relationships between the ionic radius/valence of dopant and electrochemical performance. In view of the energy matching and interaction between the dopant and the host lattice, the substitution of trivalent Sc3+ with similar ionic radius for tetravalent Zr4+ can greatly improve the oxygen reduction reaction activity of Pr2Zr2O7 due to the reduced bond energy of 48f-oxygen ions in octahedral [ZrO6] units. As a result, the anode-supported single cell Ni-YSZ|YSZ|PZSc-60YSZ yields an output power density of 0.44 and 1.45 Wcm(-2) at 600 and 800 degrees C with ammonia fuel, outperforming PZX (X = Mn, Sn, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, In) and common La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM)-based DA-SOFC. The detailed characterizations are employed to gain insight into the structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanism.
Keyword ：
Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell Distribution of relaxation time Distribution of relaxation time Pyrochlore Pyrochlore Structural distortion Structural distortion
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| GB/T 7714 | Fang, Huihuang , Yang, Shiqing , Ye, Weijie et al. Mechanism insight into enhanced oxygen reduction reaction over heterovalent ion incorporated pyrochlore Pr2Zr2O7 for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2024 , 290 . |
| MLA | Fang, Huihuang et al. "Mechanism insight into enhanced oxygen reduction reaction over heterovalent ion incorporated pyrochlore Pr2Zr2O7 for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 290 (2024) . |
| APA | Fang, Huihuang , Yang, Shiqing , Ye, Weijie , Zhong, Fulan , Luo, Yu , Wang, Shaorong et al. Mechanism insight into enhanced oxygen reduction reaction over heterovalent ion incorporated pyrochlore Pr2Zr2O7 for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE , 2024 , 290 . |
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Metal nanoparticle (NP) cocatalysts are widely investigated for their ability to enhance the performance of photocatalytic materials; however, their practical application is often limited by the inherent instability under light irradiation. This challenge has catalyzed interest in exploring high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which, with their increased entropy and lower Gibbs free energy, provide superior stability. In this study, 3.5 nm-sized noble-metal-free NPs composed of a FeCoNiCuMn HEA are successfully synthesized. With theoretic calculation and experiments, the electronic structure of HEA in augmenting the catalytic CO2 reduction has been uncovered, including the individual roles of each element and the collective synergistic effects. Then, their photocatalytic CO2 reduction capabilities are investigated when immobilized on TiO2. HEA NPs significantly enhance the CO2 photoreduction, achieving a 23-fold increase over pristine TiO2, with CO and CH4 production rates of 235.2 and 19.9 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, HEA NPs show excellent stability under simulated solar irradiation, as well high-energy X-ray irradiation. This research emphasizes the promising role of HEA NPs, composed of earth-abundant elements, in revolutionizing the field of photocatalysis.
Keyword ：
high-entropy alloy high-entropy alloy nanoparticle nanoparticle noble-metal-free noble-metal-free photocatalytic CO2 reduction photocatalytic CO2 reduction
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Haowei , Zhao, Jiwu , Guo, Hele et al. Noble-Metal-Free High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction [J]. | ADVANCED MATERIALS , 2024 , 36 (26) . |
| MLA | Huang, Haowei et al. "Noble-Metal-Free High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction" . | ADVANCED MATERIALS 36 . 26 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Haowei , Zhao, Jiwu , Guo, Hele , Weng, Bo , Zhang, Hongwen , Saha, Rafikul Ali et al. Noble-Metal-Free High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction . | ADVANCED MATERIALS , 2024 , 36 (26) . |
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Developing efficient anode catalysts for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (NH3-SOFCs) under intermediate-temperatures is of great importance, in support of hydrogen economy via ammonia utilization. In the present work, the pyrochlore-type La2Zr2-xNixO7+delta (LZN(x), x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10) oxides were synthesized as potential anode catalysts of NH3-SOFCs due to the abundant Frankel defect that contributes to the good conductivity and oxygen ion mobility capacity. The effects of different content of Ni2+ doping on the crystal structure, surface morphology, thermal matching with YSZ (Yttria-stabilized zirconia), conductivity, and electrochemical performance of pyrochlore oxides were examined using different characterization techniques. The findings indicate that the LZN(x) oxide behaves as an n-type semiconductor and exhibits an excellent high-temperature chemical compatibility and thermal matching with the YSZ electrolyte. Furthermore, LZN(0.05) exhibits the smallest conductive band potential and bandgap, making it have a higher power density as anode material for NH3-SOFCs compared to other anodes. As a result, the maximum power density of the LZN(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode reaches 100.86 mW/cm(2) at 800 degrees C, which is 1.8 times greater than that of NiO-based NH3-SOFCs (56.75 mW/cm(2)) under identical flow rate and temperature conditions. The extended durability indicates that the NH3-SOFCs utilizing the LZN(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode exhibits a negligible voltage degradation following uninterrupted operation at 800 degrees C for 100 h.
Keyword ：
ammonia oxidation ammonia oxidation anode catalyst anode catalyst NH3-SOFCs NH3-SOFCs Ni particles Ni particles
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| GB/T 7714 | Yang, Shiqing , Gao, Yijie , Wang, Xinmin et al. Pyrochlore La2Zr2-xNixO7 anodes for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells [J]. | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY , 2024 , 18 (5) : 699-711 . |
| MLA | Yang, Shiqing et al. "Pyrochlore La2Zr2-xNixO7 anodes for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells" . | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY 18 . 5 (2024) : 699-711 . |
| APA | Yang, Shiqing , Gao, Yijie , Wang, Xinmin , Zhong, Fulan , Fang, Huihuang , Luo, Yu et al. Pyrochlore La2Zr2-xNixO7 anodes for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells . | FRONTIERS IN ENERGY , 2024 , 18 (5) , 699-711 . |
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Kinetically sluggish ammonia oxidation and interference of H-2 competing with NH3 active sites will suppress the output performance of direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell (DA-SOFC). Herein, we select Zn2+ doped into Pr2NiO4 as precursor of Pr2Ni1-xZnxO4 (PNZx) that can be destroyed and converted into Pr2O3 together with in-situ Ni reduction, realizing the redistribution of elements in reduction atmosphere. Meanwhile, the foreign Zn2+ as a low-valent element is retained in Pr2O3 lattice due to the high segregation Gibbs free energy to form Ni/Pr2-xZnxO3, which aggravates the change of Pr3+ and Pr4+, thus enhancing the oxygen vacancy concentration. The Zn2+ promotes the reduction of Ni and quenches the adsorption capacity of H-2, alleviating the "hydrogen poisoning" behavior. As a result, the maximum powder density of single cell based on PNZ0.1 supported by YSZ electrolyte is 134 mWcm(-2) at 800 degree celsius, which is more than twice higher than that of Ni/YSZ. Various characterizations reveal that the NH3 reaction path is the synergistic occurrence of ammonia decomposition and ammonia oxidation.
Keyword ：
Anode reaction mechanism Anode reaction mechanism DA-SOFC DA-SOFC Hydrogen poisoning Hydrogen poisoning In-situ Ni reduction In-situ Ni reduction
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Fulan , Zhao, Xiaofeng , Fang, Huihuang et al. Unveiling optimal activity and mechanism of in situ Ni reduction Pr2Ni1-xZnxO4 anode for ammonia solid oxide fuel cells [J]. | APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY , 2024 , 360 . |
| MLA | Zhong, Fulan et al. "Unveiling optimal activity and mechanism of in situ Ni reduction Pr2Ni1-xZnxO4 anode for ammonia solid oxide fuel cells" . | APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 360 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhong, Fulan , Zhao, Xiaofeng , Fang, Huihuang , Luo, Yu , Wang, Shaorong , Chen, Chongqi et al. Unveiling optimal activity and mechanism of in situ Ni reduction Pr2Ni1-xZnxO4 anode for ammonia solid oxide fuel cells . | APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY , 2024 , 360 . |
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