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Abstract ：
Earthquakes occur frequently in China ' s offshore areas, and seismio aotions significantly affeot the stability of offshore wind power foundations and wind turbine structures. Here, to correctly and effectively calculate seismic dynamic responses of offshore wind power structures, a viscoelastic artificial boundary-based 3D layered soil seismic equivalent node force calculation formula was derived according to wave theory and Snell law, and its correctness was verified. Then, taking the foundation of a certain wind power field in Putian, Fujian Province as an example, a 3D integrated numerical analysis model for 5 MW wind turbine-single pile-layered seabed was established to analyze dynamic response of offshore wind power under earthquake. The study showed that when earthquake occurs, responses of soil bodies at different positions in foundation are different, for shallow soil body around pile, the closer the distance to pile foundation, the smaller the soil body acceleration response, pile foundation can have a certain suppressing effect on acceleration of shallow layer soil body around piles; effects of pile foundation on shear strain of soil layers at different depths also have larger differences; for wind turbine structure, the maximum displacement occurs at tower top, while the maximum acceleration and the maximum stress occur in middle of tower. © 2025 Chinese Vibration Engineering Society. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Dynamic response Dynamic response Earthquake effects Earthquake effects Earthquake engineering Earthquake engineering Offshore structures Offshore structures Offshore wind turbines Offshore wind turbines Pile foundations Pile foundations Piles Piles Seismic response Seismic response Shear deformation Shear deformation Shear flow Shear flow Shear strain Shear strain Structural dynamics Structural dynamics Vibration analysis Vibration analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Zhibo , Liu, Haibo , Cao, Guangwei et al. Seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine in layered subsoils based on viscoelastic artificial boundary [J]. | Journal of Vibration and Shock , 2025 , 44 (3) : 291-300 and 308 . |
| MLA | Chen, Zhibo et al. "Seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine in layered subsoils based on viscoelastic artificial boundary" . | Journal of Vibration and Shock 44 . 3 (2025) : 291-300 and 308 . |
| APA | Chen, Zhibo , Liu, Haibo , Cao, Guangwei , He, Ben , Zeng, Xuming , Pan, Shenggui . Seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine in layered subsoils based on viscoelastic artificial boundary . | Journal of Vibration and Shock , 2025 , 44 (3) , 291-300 and 308 . |
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我国近海地震频发,地震作用对海上风电基础与风机结构的稳定性影响大.为了准确有效地计算海上风电结构地震动力响应,该文根据波动理论和斯奈尔定律,推导了基于黏弹性人工边界的三维成层土地震等效节点力计算公式,并验证了其准确性.在此基础上,以福建莆田某风电场地基为例,建立5 MW风机-单桩-成层海床三维一体化数值分析模型,进行了地震作用下的海上风电动力响应分析.研究表明:当地震发生时,地基中不同位置的土体响应不同,对于浅层桩周土体,距离桩基越近,土体加速度响应越小,桩基会对浅层桩周土体的加速度有一定抑制作用;桩基对不同深度的土层剪应变影响也相差较大.对于风机结构而言,最大位移发生在塔架顶部,最大加速度和最大应力发生在塔架中部.
Keyword ：
单桩式海上风电 单桩式海上风电 地震响应 地震响应 成层地基 成层地基 等效节点力 等效节点力 黏弹性人工边界 黏弹性人工边界
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈志波 , 刘海波 , 曹光伟 et al. 基于黏弹性人工边界的成层地基中海上风机地震响应分析 [J]. | 振动与冲击 , 2025 , 44 (3) : 291-300,308 . |
| MLA | 陈志波 et al. "基于黏弹性人工边界的成层地基中海上风机地震响应分析" . | 振动与冲击 44 . 3 (2025) : 291-300,308 . |
| APA | 陈志波 , 刘海波 , 曹光伟 , 何奔 , 曾旭明 , 潘生贵 . 基于黏弹性人工边界的成层地基中海上风机地震响应分析 . | 振动与冲击 , 2025 , 44 (3) , 291-300,308 . |
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In this study, various countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to nearby multi-propped basement excavation in soft clay are explored by three-dimensional numerical analyses. Field measurements are used to calibrate the numerical model and model parameters. Since concrete slabs can constrain soil and retaining wall movements, tunnel movements reach the maximum value when soils are excavated to the formation level of basement. Deformation shapes of an existing tunnel due to adjacent basement excavation are greatly affected by relative position between tunnel and basement. When the tunnel is located above or far below the formation level of basement, it elongates downward-toward or upward-toward the basement, respectively. It is found that tunnel movements concentrate in a triangular zone with a width of 2 He (i.e., final excavation depth) and a depth of 1 D (i.e., tunnel diameter) above or 1 D below the formation level of basement. By increasing retaining wall thickness from 0.4 m to 0.9 m, tunnel movements decrease by up to 56.7%. Moreover, tunnel movements are reduced by up to 80.7% and 61.3%, respectively, when the entire depth and width of soil within basement are reinforced. Installation of isolation wall can greatly reduce tunnel movements due to adjacent basement excavation, especially for tunnel with a shallow burial depth. The effectiveness of isolation wall to reduce tunnel movement is negligible unless the wall reaches the level of tunnel invert. © 2024 Techno-Press, Ltd.
Keyword ：
Buildings Buildings Concrete slabs Concrete slabs Excavation Excavation Retaining walls Retaining walls Soils Soils
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Jinhuo , Shen, Minglong , Tu, Shifang et al. Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays [J]. | Geomechanics and Engineering , 2024 , 36 (6) : 563-573 . |
| MLA | Zheng, Jinhuo et al. "Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays" . | Geomechanics and Engineering 36 . 6 (2024) : 563-573 . |
| APA | Zheng, Jinhuo , Shen, Minglong , Tu, Shifang , Chen, Zhibo , Ni, Xiaodong . Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays . | Geomechanics and Engineering , 2024 , 36 (6) , 563-573 . |
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Sand columns have been widely used to accelerate drainage and then improving the mechanical properties of soft soil foundations. The sand column has also been introduced into the triaxial test by researchers, in the center of the cylindrical specimen, to greatly accelerate drainage and consolidation process. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the consolidation properties of the triaxial cylindrical specimen considering the presence of a sand column, and then to propose a consolidation model that simulates the consolidation process of the triaxial test. The consolidation equations were derived considering the drainage of the specimen with a sand column composed of both vertical and double-radial flows. Then the analytical solution of the model was obtained based on specific initial and boundary conditions. The comparison between the consolidation model and the laboratory tests yielded highly consistent. The case study demonstrated that the proposed consolidation model accurately simulates the evolution of average pore pressure and degree of consolidation in triaxial specimens containing a sand column. The studies on the consolidation parameters showed that there were different effects on the drainage rate for the diameter of specimen, the permeability coefficients of specimen and sand column, as well as the radius of the sand column.
Keyword ：
analytical solutions analytical solutions consolidation model consolidation model consolidation properties consolidation properties cylindrical specimen cylindrical specimen sand column sand column triaxial test triaxial test
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Zhibo , Zhu, Jungao , Zheng, Xinjiang et al. Modeling of Drain Consolidation in the Quick Triaxial Test and Its Analytical Solution [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS , 2024 , 48 (17) : 4178-4187 . |
| MLA | Chen, Zhibo et al. "Modeling of Drain Consolidation in the Quick Triaxial Test and Its Analytical Solution" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS 48 . 17 (2024) : 4178-4187 . |
| APA | Chen, Zhibo , Zhu, Jungao , Zheng, Xinjiang , Wang, Lei . Modeling of Drain Consolidation in the Quick Triaxial Test and Its Analytical Solution . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS , 2024 , 48 (17) , 4178-4187 . |
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Microbially or enzyme induced carbonate precipitation has emerged to be a new type of soil improvement method. However, it appears that the biocementation process is affected by many factors and a common understanding on the control factors on the biocement effect has not been reached. This paper attempts to identify the main factors that controlling the MICP or EICP effect through an in-depth discussion on the fundamentals of biocementation process. Similar to other cemented granular materials, biocemented soil is a structural soil composite consisting of soil skeleton and biocement force chain or biocement network. The strength and stiffness of the biocemented soil is controlled by the reinforcement effect of the biocement network on the soil skeleton or the interplay of the soil skeleton and precipitates. The contribution of the strength by soil skeleton is affected by the soil types and soil properties, while the contribution of the precipitates is through the distribution of the biocement network and the properties of the precipitates. © 2024
Keyword ：
Biocementation Biocementation Influencing factor Influencing factor Mechanism Mechanism Strength enhancement Strength enhancement
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, H. , Ding, X. , Cui, M. et al. Factors affecting the effectiveness of biocementation of soil [J]. | Biogeotechnics , 2024 , 2 (3) . |
| MLA | Lai, H. et al. "Factors affecting the effectiveness of biocementation of soil" . | Biogeotechnics 2 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Lai, H. , Ding, X. , Cui, M. , Zheng, J. , Chu, J. , Chen, Z. . Factors affecting the effectiveness of biocementation of soil . | Biogeotechnics , 2024 , 2 (3) . |
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Biomineralization based on bacterial enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (BEICP) process is a promising alternative to cement-based ground treatment technology. The bacterial urease used in BEICP process is usually ultrasonic extracted from urease-producing bacteria. To efficiently extract urease with relatively higher activity from bacterial cells, the ultrasonic extraction parameters of urease were optimized in this study. Next, a series of bacterial urease extraction tests and sand column treatment tests were conducted to investigate the effects of vibration amplitude, upper temperature limit, and cooling method on the urease extraction process and biomineralization of sand. The results show that the upper temperature limit is an important factor affecting the extraction efficiency and the activity of the extracted urease solution, and the optimum upper temperature limit is 50 °C. The results indicate that increasing vibration amplitude could improve the extraction efficiency, but it hardly affects the urease activity (UA) under the optimal temperature. Continuous cooling could effectively simplify the operation and further improve the efficiency of urease extraction. Under the same urease activity of biotreatment solution, there is no marked difference in calcium carbonate content (CCC) and unconfined compressive strength of biomineralized sand columns prepared by urease solution extracted with different vibration amplitudes and upper temperature limits. The results of this study could provide a reference for application of BEICP technology of urease extraction to large-scale soil treatment. © 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keyword ：
Bacterial enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (BEICP) Bacterial enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (BEICP) Biomineralization Biomineralization Soil improvement Soil improvement Ultrasound Ultrasound Urease extraction Urease extraction
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, H. , Chen, Y. , Cui, M. et al. Extraction of high activity bacterial urease and its application to biomineralization of soil [J]. | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering , 2024 , 17 (3) : 1847-1861 . |
| MLA | Lai, H. et al. "Extraction of high activity bacterial urease and its application to biomineralization of soil" . | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 17 . 3 (2024) : 1847-1861 . |
| APA | Lai, H. , Chen, Y. , Cui, M. , Zheng, J. , Chen, Z. . Extraction of high activity bacterial urease and its application to biomineralization of soil . | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering , 2024 , 17 (3) , 1847-1861 . |
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Bacterial suspension is an essential component of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)based biocement and a large-scale production is required for field applications. In this study, a new bacterial concentration method is proposed to enable high concentration bacterial suspension to be produced to facilitate field work. By adding low concentration calcium to bacterial suspension, flocs are formed and bacterial cells are adsorbed on the flocs to achieve bacterial concentration. Compared to the traditional bacterial concentration method using centrifugation and freezing-drying method, the proposed method can concentrate a large volume of bacterial suspension without using special equipment. The feasibility of this method is verified by bacterial concentration tests, solution tests and sand column treatment tests. The results of both the solution test and the sand column treatment test show that the bacterial suspension concentrated by the proposed method can be effectively used for soil biocementation. There is a threshold calcium concentration that allows a complete bacterial concentration for the proposed method, and this threshold calcium concentration tends to increase linearly with the optical density of the cell suspension at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600). (c) 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).
Keyword ：
Bacterial concentration Bacterial concentration Biocement Biocement Biocementation Biocementation (MICP) (MICP) Microbially induced carbonate precipitation Microbially induced carbonate precipitation
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, Hanjiang , Ding, Xingzhi , Cui, Mingjuan et al. A new bacterial concentration method for large-scale applications of biomineralization [J]. | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 16 (12) : 5109-5120 . |
| MLA | Lai, Hanjiang et al. "A new bacterial concentration method for large-scale applications of biomineralization" . | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 16 . 12 (2024) : 5109-5120 . |
| APA | Lai, Hanjiang , Ding, Xingzhi , Cui, Mingjuan , Zheng, Junjie , Chu, Jian , Chen, Zhibo et al. A new bacterial concentration method for large-scale applications of biomineralization . | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 16 (12) , 5109-5120 . |
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In this study, various countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to nearby multi-propped basement excavation in soft clay are explored by three-dimensional numerical analyses. Field measurements are used to calibrate the numerical model and model parameters. Since concrete slabs can constrain soil and retaining wall movements, tunnel movements reach the maximum value when soils are excavated to the formation level of basement. Deformation shapes of an existing tunnel due to adjacent basement excavation are greatly affected by relative position between tunnel and basement. When the tunnel is located above or far below the formation level of basement, it elongates downward-toward or upward-toward the basement, respectively. It is found that tunnel movements concentrate in a triangular zone with a width of 2 He (i.e., final excavation depth) and a depth of 1 D (i.e., tunnel diameter) above or 1 D below the formation level of basement. By increasing retaining wall thickness from 0.4 m to 0.9 m, tunnel movements decrease by up to 56.7%. Moreover, tunnel movements are reduced by up to 80.7% and 61.3%, respectively, when the entire depth and width of soil within basement are reinforced. Installation of isolation wall can greatly reduce tunnel movements due to adjacent basement excavation, especially for tunnel with a shallow burial depth. The effectiveness of isolation wall to reduce tunnel movement is negligible unless the wall reaches the level of tunnel invert.
Keyword ：
countermeasures countermeasures isolation wall isolation wall jet grouting jet grouting multi -propped basement multi -propped basement tunnel tunnel
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| GB/T 7714 | Zheng, Jinhuo , Shen, Minglong , Tu, Shifang et al. Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays [J]. | GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING , 2024 , 36 (6) : 563-573 . |
| MLA | Zheng, Jinhuo et al. "Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays" . | GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 36 . 6 (2024) : 563-573 . |
| APA | Zheng, Jinhuo , Shen, Minglong , Tu, Shifang , Chen, Zhibo , Ni, Xiaodong . Investigations of countermeasures used to mitigate tunnel deformations due to adjacent basement excavation in soft clays . | GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING , 2024 , 36 (6) , 563-573 . |
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浅埋土洞加筋路基受力机理十分复杂，为探究其变形和受力情况，将路面结构和土工格室简化为考虑抗弯刚度的有限长梁，路堤填土和路基土分别采用Kerr模型和Pasternak模型模拟，构建双梁模型，求解双梁竖向变形解析解。分别采用浅埋土洞加筋路基数值模拟结果与无土洞加筋路基室内试验结果验证双梁模型解析结果的有效性，并基于解析结果分析了深宽比、土工格室抗弯刚度和路基土弹性模量对双梁竖向变形、弯矩和剪力的影响。结果表明：深宽比和路基弹性模量对浅埋土洞加筋路基土洞区域的受力与变形有显著影响，而土工格室抗弯刚度的影响能力与路基弹性模量有关，土洞宽度决定路面结构和土工格室的剪力分布特点。
Keyword ：
加筋路基 加筋路基 双梁模型 双梁模型 变形 变形 土洞 土洞 数值分析 数值分析
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| GB/T 7714 | 吴方宇 , 陈志波 , 邓煜晨 . 浅埋土洞加筋路基变形的双梁模型解 [J]. | 武汉大学学报(工学版) , 2024 , 57 (05) : 593-600 . |
| MLA | 吴方宇 et al. "浅埋土洞加筋路基变形的双梁模型解" . | 武汉大学学报(工学版) 57 . 05 (2024) : 593-600 . |
| APA | 吴方宇 , 陈志波 , 邓煜晨 . 浅埋土洞加筋路基变形的双梁模型解 . | 武汉大学学报(工学版) , 2024 , 57 (05) , 593-600 . |
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Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) based on self -extracted crude soybean urease solution (CSUS) is a promising method for soil improvement. However, the deionized water -extracted CSUS usually contains a large amount of impurities that easily lead to bioclogging during the biogrouting process, resulting in a nonuniform biomineralization effect. In this study, a purification method using inorganic flocculants is proposed to extract CSUS with relatively high purity and urease activity (UA) for EICP method. Seven commonly used inorganic flocculants were adopted in this study, including KAl(SO4)2 center dot 12H2O, AlCl3 center dot 6H2O, Al2(SO4)3 center dot 18H2O, Fe2(SO4)3, poly aluminum chloride, poly ferric sulfate, and poly aluminum ferric chloride. Three sets of tests, including CSUS extraction tests, solution tests, and sand column treatment tests, were conducted to investigate the feasibility and validity of this purification method. The test results show that inorganic flocculants could effectively reduce the turbidity of the extracted CSUS, avoid the bioclogging during biogrouting, and thus improve the biomineralization effect of the CSUS-based EICP method. Compared with deionized water -based CSUS, at least 60% of the impurities in CSUS can be removed at optimal flocculant contents when the soybean powder content is 100 g/L. On the other hand, the flocculants would also cause a reduction in the UA of the extracted CSUS. Considering the UA, turbidity, and biomineralization effect of the extracted CSUS, the optimal inorganic flocculants and their contents are recommended to be 3.0 g/L for KAl(SO4)2 center dot 12H2O, 2.0 g/L for AlCl3 center dot 6H2O, 2.5 g/L for Al2(SO4)3 center dot 18H2O under the tested conditions, respectively.
Keyword ：
Biomineralization Biomineralization Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) Inorganic flocculant Inorganic flocculant Soybean urease Soybean urease Urease extraction Urease extraction
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| GB/T 7714 | Lai, Han-Jiang , Liu, Hui , Cui, Ming-Juan et al. Inorganic flocculant-based soybean urease extraction and its effect on biomineralization [J]. | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 460 . |
| MLA | Lai, Han-Jiang et al. "Inorganic flocculant-based soybean urease extraction and its effect on biomineralization" . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 460 (2024) . |
| APA | Lai, Han-Jiang , Liu, Hui , Cui, Ming-Juan , Zheng, Jun-Jie , Chen, Zhi-Bo , Zhang, Zhi-Chao . Inorganic flocculant-based soybean urease extraction and its effect on biomineralization . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 460 . |
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