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学者姓名：刘文元
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Abstract ：
The Zijinshan ore field is situated in the southeastern part of China. in which contains the large Zijinshan highsulfidation Cu-Au deposit, the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, the Yueyang low-sulfidation Au-Ag deposit, the Longjiangting and the Wuziqilong tansitional Cu deposit, and the Xi'nan porphyry Cu-Mo prospect. Debates on genetic relationship among these deposits, especially the relationship between the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit and the adjacent Luoboling deposit is a question of importance for further exploration in this ore field. In this contribution, the alteration mineralogy, alteration texture, zonation and mineral chemistry, in combination with shortwave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR) analysis of white mica were used to help focus exploration and assessment of hydrothermal deposits in the Zijinshan ore field. In this study, diaspore-pyrophyllite alteration zone, chlorite-sericite alteration zone and propylitic alteration zone were first identified in the deep drill core of the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit, which gives way upward to quartzalunite-kaolinite zone, quartz-alunite zone and the silicic alteration zone. In the Xi'nan Cu-Mo prospect, diaspore-pyrophyllite alteration zone was first recognized in the shallow level with the chlorite-sericite alteration zone and propylitic alteration zone in the deeper level. Andalusite- sericite +/- diaspore alteration zone was first recognized in the upper part of the Luoboling Cu-Mo deposit and the deeper part of the Wuziqilong Cu deposit. It indicates that a pervasive occurrence of diaspore-pyrophyllite +/- andalusite alteration zones in the Zijinshan ore field, which may potentially represent a transitional environment between the top of porphyry alteration zones and the base of advanced argillic alteration zones. Minerals of the white mica group are extensively distributed in various alteration zones of the Zijinshan ore field. The SWIR analysis of white mica indicated that the wavelength position of the Al-OH (similar to 2,200 nm; wAlOH) absorption feature increases gradually from the shallow kaolinitedickite alteration zone to the deep potassic alteration zone. In the advanced argillic alteration zones, the range of wAlOH values of white mica is less than 2205 nm. Conversely, in the porphyry alteration zones, it always exceeds 2205 nm. It is evident that the andalusite-sericite alteration zone with higher wAlOH values (average of 2203 nm) is always proximal to the porphyry mineralization, which may act as indicators for deep porphyry prospecting. The results of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) reveal that the early enrichment of Mg and depletion of Fe in white mica can be attributed to the preferential incorporation of Fe into iron oxides and iron sulfides in the potassic and propylitic alteration zones. Overall, there is a negative correlation between wAlOH and Al, while wAlOH exhibits a positive correlation with the sum of Fe + Mg + Mn. The distribution characteristics of alteration zones and the variation patterns of the wAlOH of white mica indicate that there are probably several paleo-thermal centers in the deep parts of the Zijinshan ore field, located respectively in the deep parts of the Xi'nan Cu-Mo prospect and the deep part of the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit and the deep parts of the Wuziqilong Cu deposit, and the latest seems to be more fertile and deserves further exploration.
Keyword ：
Alteration zone Alteration zone Mineral exploration Mineral exploration Shortwave infrared spectroscopy Shortwave infrared spectroscopy White mica White mica Zijinshan ore field Zijinshan ore field
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiu, Jianhuan , Liu, Wenyuan , Chen, Jingwen et al. Alteration mineralogy, characteristics and shortwave infrared spectroscopy of white mica in the Zijinshan ore field, Fujian Province: Implications for porphyry Cu prospecting [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 168 . |
| MLA | Qiu, Jianhuan et al. "Alteration mineralogy, characteristics and shortwave infrared spectroscopy of white mica in the Zijinshan ore field, Fujian Province: Implications for porphyry Cu prospecting" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 168 (2024) . |
| APA | Qiu, Jianhuan , Liu, Wenyuan , Chen, Jingwen , Lai, Xiaodan , Zhong, Xianghua , Li, Jieyi et al. Alteration mineralogy, characteristics and shortwave infrared spectroscopy of white mica in the Zijinshan ore field, Fujian Province: Implications for porphyry Cu prospecting . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2024 , 168 . |
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The supergiant Shuangjianzishan (SJS) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, located in the southern Great Xing'an Range (SGXR), is the largest Ag deposit in China. The SJS deposit can be divided into two ore blocks: the Shuangjianzishan ore block and the Xinglongshan ore block. Given the importance of the Xinglongshan ore block in the SJS deposit, our work is focused on the Xinglongshan ore block. The vein orebodies in the Xionglongshan ore block mainly occur in the NW-, NNW-, and NNE-trending fault zones, and its mineralization is mainly related to a deep concealed syenogranite. Here, we present new geochronology, isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion data for the Xinglongshan ore block and provide additional insights into the metallogenic mechanism of the deposit. The dating results show that the syenogranite related to the mineralization formed at approximately 137 Ma, which is coherent with some previous age determinations in sulfides from the ore deposit. The mineralization of the Xinglongshan ore block can be divided into four stages: sphalerite-arsenopyrite-pyrite-chalcopyrite-quartz stage (stage I), sphalerite-galena-pyrite-silver-bearing mineral-quartz stage (stage II), sphalerite-galena-silver-bearing mineral-quartz-calcite stage (stage III), and weakly mineralized quartz-calcite stage (stage IV). Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) have been identified within quartz and calcite veins: liquid-rich, gas-rich, pure-liquid, and pure-gas FIs. The homogenization temperatures in the four stages exhibit a gradual decrease, with stage I ranging from 253 to 302 degrees C, stage II from 203 to 268 degrees C, stage III from 184 to 222 degrees C, and stage IV from 153 to 198 degrees C, respectively. The salinity for stages I, II, III, and IV falls within the ranges of 3.4-6.6 wt% NaCl eqv., 2.6-7.2 wt% NaCl eqv., 2.9-7.0 wt% NaCl eqv., and 1.2-4.8 wt% NaCl eqv., respectively, indicative of a low-salinity ore-forming fluid. The delta 18Owater and delta D values of the ore-forming fluid span from -13.9 parts per thousand to 7.4 parts per thousand and -145 parts per thousand to -65 parts per thousand, with delta 13CV-PDB values between -11.0 parts per thousand and -7.9 parts per thousand. These values suggest that the ore-forming fluid predominantly originated from a mixture of magmatic and meteoric water. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of sulfides range from 18.278 to 18.361, 15.530 to 15.634, and 38.107 to 38.448, respectively. These ratios imply that the ore-forming material was primarily derived from the Early Cretaceous granitic magma, which resulted from the mixing of depleted mantle- and crustal-derived magmas. The fluid mixing was the dominant mechanism for mineral precipitation. The Xinglongshan ore block belongs to a magmatic-hydrothermal vein-type deposit related to the Early Cretaceous syenogranite, and the Shuangjianzishan ore block belongs to an intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit related to coeval subvolcanic rocks. The Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization at Shuangjianzishan is genetically related to the Early Cretaceous volcanic-intrusive complex.
Keyword ：
fluid inclusion fluid inclusion H-O-C-Pb isotopes H-O-C-Pb isotopes Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit southern Great Xing'an Range southern Great Xing'an Range volcanic-intrusive complex volcanic-intrusive complex zircon U-Pb age zircon U-Pb age
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| GB/T 7714 | Shi, Jiangpeng , Wu, Guang , Chen, Gongzheng et al. Genesis of the Supergiant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit in the Southern Great Xing'an Range, NE China: Constraints from Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry, and Fluid Inclusion [J]. | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (1) . |
| MLA | Shi, Jiangpeng et al. "Genesis of the Supergiant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit in the Southern Great Xing'an Range, NE China: Constraints from Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry, and Fluid Inclusion" . | MINERALS 14 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Shi, Jiangpeng , Wu, Guang , Chen, Gongzheng , Yang, Fei , Zhang, Tong , Jiang, Biao et al. Genesis of the Supergiant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit in the Southern Great Xing'an Range, NE China: Constraints from Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry, and Fluid Inclusion . | MINERALS , 2024 , 14 (1) . |
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Čukaru Peki铜金矿床位于特提斯成矿域西部塞尔维亚Timok矿集区,是近几年新发现的超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床.该矿床主要产于晚白垩世角闪斜长安山岩中,具有明显的蚀变分带特征,是研究蚀变矿物勘查指标体系的理想对象.笔者结合钻孔编录信息,利用显微镜、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对该矿床中的绿帘石进行矿物化学成分分析.根据产状可将绿帘石划分为2类,分别为赋存于绢英岩化带中的绿帘石(Ⅰ型绿帘石)和赋存于青磐岩化带中的绿帘石(Ⅱ型绿帘石).电子探针分析结果表明,2类绿帘石中的n( Al)与n(Fe)、n(Ca)与n(Mn)均呈现负相关关系,n(Al)、n(Fe)、w( Mn)存在明显的差异,Ⅰ型绿帘石贫Fe、Mn,富Al元素,具有相对较低的XFe值,Ⅱ型绿帘石与之相反,富Fe、Mn,贫Al元素,具有相对较高的XFe值.结合矿相学特征,文章提出Ⅰ型绿帘石由斜长石蚀变而成,Ⅱ型绿帘石由角闪石蚀变而成,暗示绿帘石的主量元素变化受蚀变前的矿物控制.LA-ICP-MS分析测试结果表明,青磐岩化带中由深部至浅部Ⅱ型绿帘石的w(Pb)、w( Sb)、w(Ba)显示升高的趋势,浅部绿帘石具有较低的w(Mo);Ⅱ型绿帘石中的w(Mn)、n(Al)和w(Mg)随着深度的增加呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,w(As)、n(Fe)和n(Ca)呈现出相反的空间变化趋势.由于绿帘石的微量元素找矿指标变化受温度等物理化学条件的影响,根据Čukaru Peki铜金矿床绿帘石中的w(Mg)、w(Pb)、w(Sb)、w(Ba)、w( Mo)、w(Mn)、w(As)的空间变化规律,笔者推测该斑岩型矿床热液中心在Mn元素晕之下1～2 km处.笔者研究发现Ⅱ型绿帘石中的主量元素n(Al)和XFe与w(Mn)微量元素呈现类似的变化趋势,n(Ca)和n(Fe)与w(Mn)呈现相反的变化趋势,故Ⅱ型绿帘石中的n(Al)、XFe、n(Ca)和n(Fe)元素可以作为找矿勘查的新指标.
Keyword ：
Čukaru Peki铜金矿床 Čukaru Peki铜金矿床 主、微量元素 主、微量元素 找矿勘查 找矿勘查 斑岩铜金矿床 斑岩铜金矿床 绿帘石 绿帘石
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈安顺 , 单思齐 , 谢桂青 et al. 塞尔维亚Čukaru Peki铜金矿床的热液绿帘石类型和成分及其找矿意义 [J]. | 矿床地质 , 2024 , 43 (4) : 918-934 . |
| MLA | 陈安顺 et al. "塞尔维亚Čukaru Peki铜金矿床的热液绿帘石类型和成分及其找矿意义" . | 矿床地质 43 . 4 (2024) : 918-934 . |
| APA | 陈安顺 , 单思齐 , 谢桂青 , 刘文元 , 张安顺 , 毛景文 et al. 塞尔维亚Čukaru Peki铜金矿床的热液绿帘石类型和成分及其找矿意义 . | 矿床地质 , 2024 , 43 (4) , 918-934 . |
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特提斯成矿带是全球三大成矿带之一，阿普塞尼（Apuseni）-巴纳特（Banat）-蒂莫克（Timok）-斯雷德诺戈里斯基（Srednogorie）岩浆成矿带（ABTS多金属成矿带）位于特提斯成矿带西缘，由阿普塞尼–巴纳特铁铜铅锌矿集区、蒂莫克铜金矿集区和斯雷德诺戈里斯基铜金矿集区组成，成矿作用主要与晚白垩世钙碱性岩浆活动有关。塞尔维亚蒂莫克铜金矿集区作为ABTS多金属成矿带经济意义巨大的矿集区之一，总结该地区矿床地质特征及成矿规律对下一步的找矿勘查具有重要指导意义。综述了蒂莫克铜金矿集区及其典型矿床的地质特征，总结了矿集区成矿规律与动力学背景。蒂莫克铜金矿集区典型矿床形成时代集中在88～78 Ma之间，成矿作用历时10 Ma左右，矿集区内成矿作用时代呈现出由东向西逐渐年轻的趋势。矿集区中典型矿床类型主要为斑岩型（如马伊丹佩克矿床、克里韦利矿床和瓦利亚斯特尔茨矿床）和高硫化浅成低温热液-斑岩型（如博尔矿床和丘卡卢佩吉矿床），这些矿床以铜金矿化为主。矿床类型、矿化特征及矿体埋深存在的差异可能与区域上新生代右旋构造在矿集区形成的逆冲推覆构造及成矿后不均匀剥蚀有关。根据矿集区典型矿床的矿化类型及矿体埋深海拔标高的变化趋势，认为矿集区北部—西北部和丘卡卢佩吉矿床东南部仍具有一定的找矿潜力。
Keyword ：
塞尔维亚 塞尔维亚 斑岩型铜金矿床 斑岩型铜金矿床 浅成低温热液型铜金矿床 浅成低温热液型铜金矿床 特提斯成矿带 特提斯成矿带 矿床地质特征 矿床地质特征 蒂莫克铜金矿集区 蒂莫克铜金矿集区
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| GB/T 7714 | 周小深 , 刘文元 , 单思齐 et al. 塞尔维亚蒂莫克铜金矿集区典型矿床地质特征 [J]. | 地质通报 , 2024 , 43 (Z1) : 270-288 . |
| MLA | 周小深 et al. "塞尔维亚蒂莫克铜金矿集区典型矿床地质特征" . | 地质通报 43 . Z1 (2024) : 270-288 . |
| APA | 周小深 , 刘文元 , 单思齐 , 陈娟 , 张安顺 , 谢桂青 et al. 塞尔维亚蒂莫克铜金矿集区典型矿床地质特征 . | 地质通报 , 2024 , 43 (Z1) , 270-288 . |
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Sulphosalt assemblages in a specimen from the Boliden Au-Cu-(As) deposit (northern Sweden) comprise micron- to nanoscale intergrowths of Se-rich izoklakeite and tintinaite with average formulae and calculated homologue number (N) given as: (Cu1.88Fe0.18)2.06(Pb22.92Ag1.47Cd0.01Zn0.01)24.41(Sb13.12Bi8.69)21.8(S50.19Se6.43Te0.12)56.73, N=3.83, and (Cu1.31Fe0.74)2.05(Pb10.58Ag0.18Cd0.05Zn0.02)10.83(Sb10.2Bi5.23)15.43(S32.22Se2.46)34.7, N=2.05, respectively. Tintinaite coexists with (Bi, Se)-rich jamesonite. High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) imaging reveals chessboard structures comprising PbS and SnS modules with the number of atoms in the octahedral (M) sites counted as: n1=18 and n2=8 for tintinaite, and n1=30 and n2=16 for izoklakeite. Homologue number can be calculated using the formula: N=(n1/6)-1 and N=n2/4 for PbS and SnS modules giving NTti=2 and NIz=4. A new N=3 homologue, defined by n=12 and n=24 SnS and PbS modules, respectively, is identified as single or double units within areas with intergrowths between kobellite and izoklakeite. HAADF STEM imaging also reveals features attributable to lone electron pair micelles within the Sb-rich kobellite homologues. Atomic-resolution EDS STEM chemical mapping of Pb-Bi-Sb-sulphosalts shows a correlation with crystal structural modularity. The maps also highlight sites in the SnS modules of tintinaite in which Sb>Bi. Coherent nanoscale intergrowths between tintinaite and izoklakeite define jigsaw patterns evolving from chessboard structures and are considered to have formed during cocrystallisation of the two phases. Displacement textures and crosscutting veinlets (a few nm in width) are interpreted as evidence for superimposed syn-metamorphic deformation and are associated with the redistribution of Bi and Se. Imaging and mapping using HAADF STEM techniques is well suited to characterisation of Pb-Sb-Bi-sulphosalt phases, offering largely untapped potential to unravel the evolution of chessboard structures with applications across mineralogy but also extending into allied fields. © 2024 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Boliden Boliden HAADF STEM HAADF STEM izoklakeite izoklakeite kobellite homologous series kobellite homologous series nanoscale intergrowths nanoscale intergrowths tintinaite tintinaite
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| GB/T 7714 | Ciobanu, C.L. , Slattery, A.D. , Cook, N.J. et al. Kobellite homologues from the Boliden Au-Cu-(As) deposit, Sweden: jigsaw patterning via nanoscale intergrowths in chessboard structures [J]. | Mineralogical Magazine , 2024 , 88 (5) : 515-535 . |
| MLA | Ciobanu, C.L. et al. "Kobellite homologues from the Boliden Au-Cu-(As) deposit, Sweden: jigsaw patterning via nanoscale intergrowths in chessboard structures" . | Mineralogical Magazine 88 . 5 (2024) : 515-535 . |
| APA | Ciobanu, C.L. , Slattery, A.D. , Cook, N.J. , Wade, B.P. , Ehrig, K. , Wagner, T. et al. Kobellite homologues from the Boliden Au-Cu-(As) deposit, Sweden: jigsaw patterning via nanoscale intergrowths in chessboard structures . | Mineralogical Magazine , 2024 , 88 (5) , 515-535 . |
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The Hebaoshan gold deposit (41.5 t Au @ 3.5 g/t) is located in the southeastern region of the South China Block, central part of the Wuyishan metallogenic belt. The ore-hosting rocks in this area are predominantly Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and Caledonian granitic rocks. Two hydrothermal mineralization stages can be distinguished: a quartz-sericite-pyrite-native gold (stage I) and a chlorite-quartz-sericite-chalcopyrite-electrum (stage II), with hydrothermal monazite and rutile are firstly identified in separate stages. The complex geological history of the region has resulted in ongoing debates regarding the age of gold mineralization and the genesis of the major gold deposits in this area. In order to precisely constrain the mineralization age of the deposit and further establish a genetic model for the ore deposit, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and trace element analysis on accessory minerals were conducted. Based on the textures mineral assemblages, and geochemical features of the accessory minerals, magmatic apatite, hydrothermal rutile, and both magmatic and hydrothermal monazite were identified. The U-Pb ages of magmatic apatite and monazite are determined to be 445.3 ± 15.80, 441.3 ± 15.10 Ma and 446.57 ± 1.03 Ma, respectively, suggesting that these ages represent the emplacement ages of the Caledonian intrusive rocks. The ages of hydrothermal monazite and hydrothermal rutile are determined to be 238.46 ± 2.01 Ma (single-mineral analysis), 238.46 ± 2.01 Ma (in-suit analysis) and 179.54 ± 7.28 Ma, respectively, suggesting that represent two mineralization events during the Late Triassic to early Jurassic in the Hebaoshan area. These data provide new constraints on the mineralization process in the Hebaoshan deposit and excludes the link between gold mineralization and the intrusion of the Caledonian granites. Regionally, It is speculated that the two mineralization events at Hebaoshan are respectively associated with intracontinental orogenic movements between the Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block, the flat-slab subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate (stage I), and the subsequent extensional tectonics related to the collision between the Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block (stage II). Our study indicates that the timing of multiple episodic mineralization can be constrained by analysis of accessory minerals, which provides a geological basis for better genetic model for the deposit and provide geological evidence for unraveling the relationships between magmatic activities and mineralization events in the region. © 2024
Keyword ：
Apatite Apatite Hebaoshan Gold deposit Hebaoshan Gold deposit Monazite Monazite Rutile Rutile U-Pb dating U-Pb dating
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| GB/T 7714 | Xiao, Z. , Zheng, J. , Zhao, J. et al. Two stages of gold mineralization in the Hebaoshan deposit: Evidence from the U-Pb dating and trace element geochemistry of rutile, monazite and apatite [J]. | Ore Geology Reviews , 2024 , 170 . |
| MLA | Xiao, Z. et al. "Two stages of gold mineralization in the Hebaoshan deposit: Evidence from the U-Pb dating and trace element geochemistry of rutile, monazite and apatite" . | Ore Geology Reviews 170 (2024) . |
| APA | Xiao, Z. , Zheng, J. , Zhao, J. , Chen, J. , Wu, X. , Liu, W. et al. Two stages of gold mineralization in the Hebaoshan deposit: Evidence from the U-Pb dating and trace element geochemistry of rutile, monazite and apatite . | Ore Geology Reviews , 2024 , 170 . |
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Clogauite, ideally PbBi4Te4S3 is the new n=1 member of the aleksite series, PbnBi4Te4Sn+2, where n is the homologue number. Clogauite is named from the type locality, the Clogau gold mine, Dolgellau Gold belt, Gwynedd, North Wales, U.K. The mineral and name have been approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Nomenclature (proposal 2023-062). The aleksite series is an accretional homologous series in which each member is derived from the same 5-atom tetradymite archetype. Clogauite crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system (space group: P-3m1, # 164). Three distinct polytypes of clogauite are recognized, corresponding to identical chemistry but different layer sequences, expressed as (57), (5559) and (557.559), respectively, in reference to the number of atoms in individual layer sequences. These are clogauite-12H, a = 4.277(4) Å, c = 23.46(14) Å, V = 371.598 Å3, Z = 1; clogauite-24H, a = 4.278(4) Å, c = 46.88(31) Å, V = 743.053 Å3, Z = 2; and clogauite-36H, a = 4.278(4) Å, c = 70.36(32) Å, V = 1115.283 Å3, Z = 3. Clogauite is opaque, with a pale grey colour in reflected light. Reflectance is higher than tetradymite or galena. Bireflectance and anisotropy are strong. Structural data was determined from measurement of atomic-scale HAADF STEM imaging showing the internal arrangement of component atoms and characteristic selected area electron diffraction patterns for each polytype. The structures were then further constrained from ab initio total energy calculations and structure relaxation using density functional theory (DFT) using the measured parameters as input data. The relaxed crystal structure for each polytype was modelled to generate crystallographic information file (cif) data files. STEM and electron diffraction simulations based on the crystallographic information data obtained from the DFT calculations show an excellent match to the empirical measurements. © 2024 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
aleksite series aleksite series bismuth-lead chalcogenides bismuth-lead chalcogenides Clogau gold mine Clogau gold mine clogauite clogauite new mineral new mineral
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| GB/T 7714 | Cook, N.J. , Ciobanu, C.L. , Yao, J. et al. Clogauite, PbBi4Te4S3, a new member of the aleksite series [J]. | Mineralogical Magazine , 2024 , 88 (4) : 461-472 . |
| MLA | Cook, N.J. et al. "Clogauite, PbBi4Te4S3, a new member of the aleksite series" . | Mineralogical Magazine 88 . 4 (2024) : 461-472 . |
| APA | Cook, N.J. , Ciobanu, C.L. , Yao, J. , Stanley, C.J. , Liu, W. , Slattery, A. et al. Clogauite, PbBi4Te4S3, a new member of the aleksite series . | Mineralogical Magazine , 2024 , 88 (4) , 461-472 . |
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The zoning characteristics of alteration and mineralization are the key to establish the deposit model and prospecting prediction of the porphyry-epithermal copper-gold metallogenic system. The Čukaru Peki is a newly discovered giant porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposit (upper zone: copper 1.54 million tons @ 2.45%, gold 86 t @ 1.37 g/t, lower zone: copper 14.28 million tons @ 0.83%, gold 295 tons @ 0.17 g/t) in Timok, Serbia, Western Tethys. The orebodies are mainly hosted in the late Cretaceous plagioclase andesite, and research on its alteration and mineralization zoning characteristics and prospecting potential is rare. In this paper, we integrated drill hole logging with short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral analysis, microscopic observation, and sulfide EMPA results of rock and ore samples, and the characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and sulfide zoning were determined, and its implication for exploration was discussed. We found that the deposit has zoning characteristics of high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold mineralization in the upper part, transitional copper-gold mineralization in the middle part, and porphyry copper-gold mineralization in the lower part. The zoning characteristics of hydrothermal alteration in the mining area are apparent. The porphyry intrusion is the centre of the porphyry-type copper-gold mineralization, and potassic alteration zone, propylitic alteration zone, chlorite-white mica zone, and quartz-white mica-zone are developed sequentially outwards. The wavelength of the white mica SWIR Al-OH 2200 nm peak position in the chlorite-white mica zone is generally higher than that in the quartz-white-mica zone. The transitional mineralization develops diaspore-pyrophyllite alterations and dickite-kaolinite superimposed with phyllic alterations. The upper high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold mineralization develops advanced argillic, which can be divided into quartz-alunite, dickite-kaolinite and montmorillonite from inside outside. Metallic mineral assemblages also have prominent zoning characteristics: the deep to shallow zonation of chalcopyrite + bornite → chalcopyrite + pyrite + (magnetite ± hematite) for the lower porphyry copper-gold mineralization; the mainly tennantite + (bornite + chalcopyrite + digenite + covellite) for the transitional copper-gold mineralization; enargite + covellite for the upper high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold type mineralization. Overall, the lower part of the ore deposit is a Cu-Fe-S system, the middle part runs through the Cu-As-Sb-S system, and it transforms upwards into a Cu-S system. The sulfide assemblage changes from the high-temperature and low-sulfidation state in the deep early stage to the low-temperature and high-sulfidation state in the mid-shallow at the late stages. In summary, combined with the geochemical data, we established a hydrothermal alteration and sulfide assemblage zoning model and speculated that there is an excellent mineralization potential in the northwestern and deep part of the Čukaru Peki copper-gold deposit. This model presented may have important implications for deep exploration of the Zijinshan gold-copper deposit and late Cretaceous porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposits in the Gangdise metallogenic belts. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Clay alteration Clay alteration Copper Copper Copper deposits Copper deposits Deposits Deposits Economic geology Economic geology Feldspar Feldspar Gold deposits Gold deposits Infrared radiation Infrared radiation Kaolinite Kaolinite Mica Mica Mineral exploration Mineral exploration Mineralogy Mineralogy Mining Mining Ores Ores Quartz Quartz Spectrum analysis Spectrum analysis Sulfur compounds Sulfur compounds
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| GB/T 7714 | Shan, Siqi , Xie, Guiqing , Liu, Wenyuan et al. Hydrothermal Alteration and Sulfide Zoning Characteristics of the Čukaru Peki Super-large Porphyry-epithermal Copper-gold Deposit in Western Tethys, Serbia and its Implication for Exploration [J]. | Geotectonica et Metallogenia , 2023 , 47 (5) : 1085-1109 . |
| MLA | Shan, Siqi et al. "Hydrothermal Alteration and Sulfide Zoning Characteristics of the Čukaru Peki Super-large Porphyry-epithermal Copper-gold Deposit in Western Tethys, Serbia and its Implication for Exploration" . | Geotectonica et Metallogenia 47 . 5 (2023) : 1085-1109 . |
| APA | Shan, Siqi , Xie, Guiqing , Liu, Wenyuan , Zheng, Jiahao , Xing, Bo . Hydrothermal Alteration and Sulfide Zoning Characteristics of the Čukaru Peki Super-large Porphyry-epithermal Copper-gold Deposit in Western Tethys, Serbia and its Implication for Exploration . | Geotectonica et Metallogenia , 2023 , 47 (5) , 1085-1109 . |
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The Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie (ABTS) metallogenic belt is one of the world’s major porphyry-skarn-epithermal Cu-Au metallogenic belts, which is located in the western part of the Tethys tectonic belt. The mineralization ages of deposits in the belt is mainly the Later Cretaceous. The Timok metallogenic zone is located in the middle part of the ABTS metallogenic belt. The Zlatno Brdo (ZB) Au deposit is a newly discovered deposit in the Timok district in the recent years. By the end of 2021, more than 100 drill holes have been implemented in the ZB deposit, with a total drill core length of more than 40, 000 meters. The controlled + inferred resources are 30 tons of gold and 95 tons of silver, with an average grade of 1.11 g/t and 3.43 g/t, respectively. The ore-body is controlled by faults and occurs as veins in the Later Cretaceous plagioclase hornblende andesite. The genesis of the deposit and exploration criteria are still unclear. In this paper, altered minerals and sulfides assemblages have been investigated. The chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite and other mineral combinations indicated that they formed at an intermediate sulfide state. The Fe-poor sphalerites (the average FeS mole ratio is 5.8%, n=11) and Mn-rich carbonate (the average content of MnO is 2.68%, n=46) that associated with Au mineralization are representative minerals of typical intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposits. Native Au and Au-tellurides coexist with hydrothermal barite. Besides, we modeled the alteration zone and ore body using 3D modeling software (MinESoft), and found that the ore-bearing alteration zone pinched out to the southeast and extended to the northwest. Combined with regional geology, this paper identifies the ZB Au deposit as an intermediate sulfidation epithermal gold deposit. The northwestern part of the ZB deposit has great prospecting potential. Hydrothermal barite might be used as mineral marker for ore prospecting. In addition, many Late Cretaceous skarn Cu-Au deposits have been discovered in the Gangdese metallogenic zone, which also belongs to the Tethys tectonic belt. And 100–80 Ma magmatic rocks are widespread in the Gangdese metallogenic zone. It is proposed that there is a potential for further exploration of intermediate-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits in the Timok and Gangdese metallogenic zone. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
3D modeling 3D modeling Binary alloys Binary alloys Copper alloys Copper alloys Copper compounds Copper compounds Copper deposits Copper deposits Core drilling Core drilling Deposits Deposits Economic geology Economic geology Feldspar Feldspar Gold compounds Gold compounds Gold deposits Gold deposits Infill drilling Infill drilling Manganese oxide Manganese oxide Mineralogy Mineralogy Pyrites Pyrites Sulfide minerals Sulfide minerals Tellurium compounds Tellurium compounds Zinc sulfide Zinc sulfide
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Anshun , Xie, Guiqing , Liu, Wenyuan et al. Identification of the First Intermediate-sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit in the Timok Metallogenic Zone of Serbia, Western Tethys: A Case Study of the Zlatno Brdo Gold Deposit [J]. | Geotectonica et Metallogenia , 2023 , 47 (5) : 1110-1123 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Anshun et al. "Identification of the First Intermediate-sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit in the Timok Metallogenic Zone of Serbia, Western Tethys: A Case Study of the Zlatno Brdo Gold Deposit" . | Geotectonica et Metallogenia 47 . 5 (2023) : 1110-1123 . |
| APA | Zhang, Anshun , Xie, Guiqing , Liu, Wenyuan , Shan, Siqi , Huang, Ke . Identification of the First Intermediate-sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit in the Timok Metallogenic Zone of Serbia, Western Tethys: A Case Study of the Zlatno Brdo Gold Deposit . | Geotectonica et Metallogenia , 2023 , 47 (5) , 1110-1123 . |
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The newly discovered Shuangjianzishan giant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit which located in the Southern segment of the Great Xing'an Range (SGXR), has controlled more than 18 000 t reserves of Ag, 1.9 Mt reserves of Zn, and 3.3 Mt reserves of Pb. Previous research has shown that Shuangjianzishan is a typical epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, however, mid-to high-temperature Cu-Sn (-W) mineralization are few studies. In this paper, a detailed mineralogical study reveals that a remarkable Cu-Sn (-W) mineralization is observed both in the upper tunnel and the deeper drill core samples. In the shallow ore-bodies, tin dominantly occurs as canfieldite in Pb-Zn-rich ores, minor as cassiterite-quartz veinlets. In the deep drill cores, tin occurs as cassiterite in the Cu-rich ores with the assemblage of quartz-arsenopyrite-chalcopyrite-stannite-(wolframite). Four primary paragenetic stages have been recognized. Stage I: cassiterite-quartz-arsenopyrite-chalcopyrite, including two sub-stage: cassiterite-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite-quartz (stage I1) and sphalerite-chalcopyrite-galena-pyrite (stage I2); Stage II: galenasphalerite-silver minerals; Stage III: Quartz-silver minerals, and stage IV: pyrite-carbonate.Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) show that the early mineralization (stage I) is characterized by Fe-rich sphalerite, Co-rich pyrite, Se-rich canfieldite, and Se-Bi-rich galena, while the later mineralization (stage II-IV) contains Fe-depleted sphalerite, As-rich pyrite, and Sb-bearing silver minerals. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis show that cassiterite has high contents of W, Fe, Sb, and Ti and depleted in Nb and Ta. Mineral associations and compositions implies a cassiterite-sulfide type tin mineralization in the Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.A concealed granite porphyry intrusion was exposed in deep drill cores in the northwest part of the ore-field, with zircon U-Pb ages of (137.8 & PLUSMN; 1.1) Ma and (136.8 & PLUSMN; 1.0) Ma for fine-and coarse-grains granite, respectively. Bulk analysis shows that concealed granites are characterized by a highly fractionated, relatively reduced, and high K-calc-alkaline to alkaline, which belongs to A-type granites, and the remnant of Sn-bearing titanite suggests that it has the potential to provide the source of tin. Zircon U-Pb age (138-130 Ma) is well coupled with the previous data (ore-forming age, 136-129 Ma) of Shuangjianzishan, suggesting a close temporal and genetic relationship between tin mineralization and emplacement of the granite. This contribution implies that the Shuangjianzishan deposit may exist a middle-to high-temperature Cu-Sn (-W) mineralization center rather than a simple low-temperature hydrothermal system, and shows there is significant Sn-Cu mineralization potential in the peripheral and root zone of ore district.
Keyword ：
Cassiterite Cassiterite Mineralogy Mineralogy Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit Tin mineralization Tin mineralization
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Xiaolin , Zhao, Junfeng , Liu, Wenyuan et al. Tin mineralization in the giant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia [J]. | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 152 . |
| MLA | Wu, Xiaolin et al. "Tin mineralization in the giant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia" . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 152 (2023) . |
| APA | Wu, Xiaolin , Zhao, Junfeng , Liu, Wenyuan , Xie, Guiqing , Ye, Zi , Li, Zhiyuan et al. Tin mineralization in the giant Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Inner Mongolia . | ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS , 2023 , 152 . |
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