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学者姓名：刘曦
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In our previous studies of Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding, models for the oxidation and degradation of Cr coating and for the oxidation and phase transformation of Zr alloy have been established. On these foundations, oxygen flux models for Cr-Zr non-eutectic and eutectic conditions are developed in this paper, enabling a comprehensive simulation of the oxidation processes of Cr-coated Zr alloy. The models are validated through oxidation experiments under isothermal and temperature ramp conditions, showing good agreement with the experimental data. The models can effectively simulate the processes where, under non-eutectic conditions, oxygen atoms first dissolve into the prior beta-Zr matrix after coating degradation, followed by the formation of alpha-Zr(O) and eventually ZrO2. For conditions with eutectic reaction, model assumption of immediate complete coating failure could lead to overestimation of substrate oxidation extent at low heating rates. This prediction deviation decreases as heating rate increases.
Keyword ：
Cr-coated Zr alloy Cr-coated Zr alloy Diffusion Diffusion High-temperature oxidation High-temperature oxidation Model development Model development Oxygen flux Oxygen flux
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Dong , Wu, Shihao , Lu, Kai et al. High-temperature oxidation of accident tolerant Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding: Model development and validation [J]. | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS , 2025 , 606 . |
| MLA | Wang, Dong et al. "High-temperature oxidation of accident tolerant Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding: Model development and validation" . | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS 606 (2025) . |
| APA | Wang, Dong , Wu, Shihao , Lu, Kai , Zhang, Yapei , Su, G. H. , Liu, Xi . High-temperature oxidation of accident tolerant Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding: Model development and validation . | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS , 2025 , 606 . |
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In this study, the LNG cold energy recovery combined with a freezing-centrifugal desalination system is proposed. The thermodynamic and economic analysis is also carried out of the proposed system. To verify the results of sea ice centrifugation process, experimental analysis of sea ice centrifugal desalination is presented based on different types of sea ice: slurry and solid, which are prepared by the method of suspension crystallization method and progressive freezing method, respectively. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that higher rotation speeds and longer centrifugal times enhanced the desalination rate but resulted in decreased freshwater yield in both slurry and solid ice. For the slurry sea ice, achieving a rotation speed of 5000 rpm and a centrifugal time exceeding 3.0 min resulted in melted water with a salinity level below 0.05%, satisfying the standards of drinking water. Moreover, the unit product cost, payback period, and unit cost of CO2 emission reduction for the proposed system are 0.49 $/t, 3.25 years and 18.92 kg/$, respectively. While the unit product cost, payback period, and unit cost of CO2 emission reduction for the conventional system are about 0.84 $/t, 4.80 years, and 15.66 kg/$, respectively. Hence, the proposed system shows higher economic and environmental performance.
Keyword ：
Centrifugal desalination Centrifugal desalination Freezing desalination Freezing desalination LNG cold energy recovery LNG cold energy recovery Slurry ice Slurry ice
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai et al. Comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of an LNG cold energy recovery system using organic Rankine cycle and freezing-centrifugal desalination for power and water cogeneration [J]. | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 461 . |
| MLA | Lan, Wenchao et al. "Comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of an LNG cold energy recovery system using organic Rankine cycle and freezing-centrifugal desalination for power and water cogeneration" . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 461 (2024) . |
| APA | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai , Xie, Meina , Chen, Longxiang . Comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of an LNG cold energy recovery system using organic Rankine cycle and freezing-centrifugal desalination for power and water cogeneration . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 461 . |
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This study conducted experiments to compare the desalination efficiency of gravity and centrifugal desalination methods for freezing desalination, showing the superiority of centrifugal desalination. Moreover, through experiments on supercooled water production, it was determined that supercooled water can operate stably at an evaporator temperature of -4.5 degrees C, and its supercooling state can be released using ultrasound. Based on the experimental results, a novel system that combines freezing desalination with ice storage is proposed. The proposed system utilizes supercooled water for ice production and centrifugal post-treatment, using desalinated ice as a cold storage medium to integrate desalination and ice storage. The proposed system showed a 30 % lower total capital cost compared to conventional systems, with a payback period of 38.18 % lower than conventional system (5.42 years). Additionally, the system demonstrated optimal economic performance when utilizing 80 % of its ice storage capacity, with a payback period of 3.38 years, contrasting with 7.62 years when utilizing 20 % storage capacity. The application of this system in four regions with varying peak and off-peak electricity prices, including Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, and, France revealed that the system demonstrates greater economic viability in areas with significant disparities in electricity pricing.
Keyword ：
Centrifugal desalination Centrifugal desalination Freezing desalination Freezing desalination Ice storage system Ice storage system Refrigeration Refrigeration
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Xie, Meina et al. Experimental analysis of freezing desalination using gravity and centrifugal methods with economic evaluation of coupled freezing desalination and ice storage system [J]. | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 315 . |
| MLA | Lan, Wenchao et al. "Experimental analysis of freezing desalination using gravity and centrifugal methods with economic evaluation of coupled freezing desalination and ice storage system" . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 315 (2024) . |
| APA | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Xie, Meina , Ye, Kai , Chen, Longxiang . Experimental analysis of freezing desalination using gravity and centrifugal methods with economic evaluation of coupled freezing desalination and ice storage system . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 315 . |
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In this study, an innovative system is presented to co-generate water and cooling energy on the base of seawater evaporation. Salt-free vapor can be separated from the seawater through the evaporation process, meanwhile, seawater evaporated under low pressure can provide cooling energy. The compressor is employed to create a low-pressure environment for seawater, and the compression heat is recovered by a multi-effect desalination subsystem to produce freshwater. A comprehensive comparison is conducted between this system and conventional systems, considering thermodynamic, economic, and environmental aspects. Meanwhile, the exergoeconomic analysis was conducted for the proposed system. The calculation results indicate that the specific energy consumption of the proposed system is 19.77 kWh/t, which is 4.53 kWh/t lower than that of the conventional system (23.76 kWh/t). Additionally, higher gain output ratio and performance ratio can be achieved. The proposed system has a payback period of 4.24 years, which is shorter than the 6.21 years required by the conventional system, thereby demonstrating a greater economic advantage. For the environmental performance, the proposed system demonstrates a reduced CO2 emission of only 12.55 kg/$, indicating a significant decrease of 40.29% compared to the conventional system's 21.02 kg/$. Therefore, the proposed system demonstrates improved economic and environmental performance.
Keyword ：
Evaporation Evaporation Multi-effect desalination Multi-effect desalination Refrigeration Refrigeration Water and cooling cogeneration Water and cooling cogeneration
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Guo, Weikang et al. Comprehensive thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a novel cooling and water cogeneration system based on seawater evaporation [J]. | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 482 . |
| MLA | Lan, Wenchao et al. "Comprehensive thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a novel cooling and water cogeneration system based on seawater evaporation" . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 482 (2024) . |
| APA | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Guo, Weikang , Lian, Hui , Wang, Yongwei , Ye, Kai et al. Comprehensive thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a novel cooling and water cogeneration system based on seawater evaporation . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 482 . |
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This work proposes a LNG cold energy recovery-freezing desalination-thermal storage coupling system, where the LNG cold energy drives an organic Rankine cycle to generate power. Simultaneously, seawater is subjected to cryogenic centrifugal desalination, and the desalinated ice produced is stored as a thermal storage medium. The thermodynamic and economic analyses of the system are conducted. The results show that the daily freshwater production of the system is 119.66 t, with a net output power of 52.10 kW. The investment payback period is 3.23 years, and the desalination cost is 0.48 USD·t−1, significantly lower than the cost of traditional reverse osmosis desalination. © 2024 Science Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Associative storage Associative storage Cold storage Cold storage Cryogenic energy storage Cryogenic energy storage Desalination Desalination Energy harvesting Energy harvesting Heat storage Heat storage Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Rankine cycle Rankine cycle Sea ice Sea ice Seawater Seawater
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai et al. Freezing Desalination with Thermal Energy Storage System Based on LNG Cold Energy [J]. | Journal of Engineering Thermophysics , 2024 , 45 (11) : 3239-3242 . |
| MLA | Lan, Wenchao et al. "Freezing Desalination with Thermal Energy Storage System Based on LNG Cold Energy" . | Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 45 . 11 (2024) : 3239-3242 . |
| APA | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai , Chen, Longxiang . Freezing Desalination with Thermal Energy Storage System Based on LNG Cold Energy . | Journal of Engineering Thermophysics , 2024 , 45 (11) , 3239-3242 . |
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This study presents a comprehensive investigation of centrifugal desalination of sea ice and the production of slurry ice from supercooled water. A mathematical model for centrifugal desalination was established and validated through experiments. The results displayed a high level of accuracy in both the theoretical and experimental analyses, with an average goodness of fit of approximately 0.94. An experimental platform is established to produce supercooled water, using different types of water as ice-making solutions. The slurry ice is more suitable for centrifugal desalination than solid ice, and it can be obtained by disrupting the supercooled state of supercooled water, with finer ice crystals produced through ultrasonic supercooling release compared to natural methods. Decreasing the refrigerant temperature benefits enhancing the supercooling degree while compromising the stability of supercooled water generation. The stability is investigated with variations in refrigerant temperature to generate a solution temperature 2.0 degrees C higher than the refrigerant. When the supercooling degree is 1.0 degrees C, all of these solutions have a high stability of 80 %, however, it becomes worse as the supercooling degree increases. At the supercooling degree of 2.0 degrees C, saltwater has the highest stability of only 35 %, and seawater has the lowest stability of 15% due to its complicated composition. This phenomenon also reveals that conducting experiments using saline solution instead of seawater can lead to significant misleading effects. Additionally, the impact of flow rate on the supercooling degree is investigated, showing a minor influence.
Keyword ：
Centrifugal desalination Centrifugal desalination Freezing desalination Freezing desalination Slurry ice Slurry ice Supercooled water Supercooled water
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Xie, Meina et al. Theoretical and experimental analysis of sea ice centrifugal desalination and supercooled water production for slurry ice [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 352 . |
| MLA | Lan, Wenchao et al. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of sea ice centrifugal desalination and supercooled water production for slurry ice" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 352 (2024) . |
| APA | Lan, Wenchao , Liu, Xi , Xie, Meina , Ye, Kai , Chen, Longxiang . Theoretical and experimental analysis of sea ice centrifugal desalination and supercooled water production for slurry ice . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2024 , 352 . |
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搭建了一套过冷水制冰系统,实验探究板式过冷却器内壁面结冰行为的关键影响因素.实验结果表明:静止和流动状态下的过冷水结冰均具有较强的随机性,在相同的实验条件下,制冰溶液在过冷却器内出现了3种不同的实验现象.动态制冰时,过高或过低的载冷剂进口温度均会对系统稳定制冰产生不利影响,-6℃是一个较为合适的载冷剂进口温度.系统稳定制冰的关键在于控制壁面温度,载冷剂进口温度和制冰溶液流量均能对换热壁面温度产生影响,且载冷剂进口温度对壁面温度的影响大于制冰溶液流量.相比于流动的制冰溶液,静态的制冰溶液更容易在换热壁面发生结冰.
Keyword ：
冰浆 冰浆 壁面结冰 壁面结冰 板式过冷却器 板式过冷却器 结冰行为 结冰行为 过冷水法 过冷水法
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| GB/T 7714 | 刘曦 , 范俊杰 , 王震 et al. 板式过冷却器内壁面结冰行为的实验研究 [J]. | 制冷 , 2023 , 42 (4) : 45-51,57 . |
| MLA | 刘曦 et al. "板式过冷却器内壁面结冰行为的实验研究" . | 制冷 42 . 4 (2023) : 45-51,57 . |
| APA | 刘曦 , 范俊杰 , 王震 , 林晨阳 , 陈曦 , 裴依豪 et al. 板式过冷却器内壁面结冰行为的实验研究 . | 制冷 , 2023 , 42 (4) , 45-51,57 . |
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In this study, an innovative system that combined a heat pump, multi-effect desalination, and ice storage subsystem is proposed. The heat pump provides both thermal energy and cold energy for the system to achieve desalination and ice generation. The performance of the proposed system is compared with the conventional mechanical vapor compression and air conditioning systems. The thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis is also carried out of both proposed and conventional systems. Moreover, the impacts of the different refrigerants, the condensation temperature of the first effect, and the different areas are carried out to evaluate the effects of several vital parameters on the proposed system. Results showed that the specific energy consumption for the proposed and conventional systems is 4.71 kWh/t and 8.94 kWh/t, respectively. For the economic performance, the payback period of the proposed system is 3.85 years, while it is 5.90 years for the conventional system. For the environmental performance, the unit profit CO2 emission is 15.50 kg/$ of the proposed system, which is 7.68% lower than the conventional system (16.79 kg/$). Hence, the proposed system shows higher economic and environmental performance.
Keyword ：
CO 2 emission CO 2 emission Combined cold and water system Combined cold and water system Heat pump Heat pump Multi-effect desalination Multi-effect desalination Seawater desalination Seawater desalination
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Longxiang , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai et al. Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an integration system of multi-effect desalination (MED) with ice storage based on a heat pump [J]. | ENERGY , 2023 , 283 . |
| MLA | Chen, Longxiang et al. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an integration system of multi-effect desalination (MED) with ice storage based on a heat pump" . | ENERGY 283 (2023) . |
| APA | Chen, Longxiang , Liu, Xi , Ye, Kai , Xie, Meina , Lan, Wenchao . Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an integration system of multi-effect desalination (MED) with ice storage based on a heat pump . | ENERGY , 2023 , 283 . |
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In this study, numerical and experimental studies of ice directional crystallization for the NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 solutions were investigated. The comparison of energy consumption between freezing-centrifugal desalination and the conventional method was discussed. The phase-field method was employed to simulate the ice directional crystallization process. A microscope experimental setup was established to observe the morphology of dendrites and verify the theoretical model in the directional crystallization process. The absolute deviations of the average width of the brine channel between numerical and experimental results are less than 15%, which indicates that the phase-field method can present the performance of ice directional crystallization well. The results also showed that in the directional crystallization process, the solutions with SO42- (Na2SO4 and MgSO(4)( )solutions, and their mixtures) form narrower brine channels than that of NaCl and MgCl2 solutions due to their low diffusion coefficient. Moreover, the impacts of ions and brine channel on the freezing-centrifugal desalination were investigated by the experiments. When the rotation speed and centrifugal time were set at 5000 rpm and 2.0 min, respectively, the salt removal efficiency of NaCl and MgCl2 was higher than 96%, while they were less than 13% for the Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions. Hence, the SO42- ion plays a significant role in preventing sea ice desalination due to narrower brine channels.
Keyword ：
Centrifugal desalination Centrifugal desalination Freezing desalination Freezing desalination Ice crystal growth Ice crystal growth Phase-field method Phase-field method Seawater composition Seawater composition
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Xi , Lan, Wenchao , Ye, Kai et al. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of ice crystal growth and freezing-centrifugal desalination for seawater with different compositions [J]. | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 298 . |
| MLA | Liu, Xi et al. "Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of ice crystal growth and freezing-centrifugal desalination for seawater with different compositions" . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 298 (2022) . |
| APA | Liu, Xi , Lan, Wenchao , Ye, Kai , Han, Wei , Zhang, Jincheng , Mohtaram, Soheil et al. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of ice crystal growth and freezing-centrifugal desalination for seawater with different compositions . | SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 298 . |
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In this paper, a CO2 supermarket refrigeration system using multi-ejector and dedicated mechanical subcooling (MEJ + DMS) is proposed to solve the problem of low performance of the CO2 refrigeration system in high temperature area and evaluate the feasibility application in China. A detailed thermodynamic performance analysis is conducted with MATLAB software. Furthermore, the annual energy consumption and seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) are used as the major indicators to assess the system performance in five typical representative cities of diverse climate types in China. The results indicate that compared with the basic booster system (BASE), the system with dedicated mechanical subcooling (DMS), and that with multi-ejector (MEJ), the MEJ + DMS system permits not only reducing the operating pressure of the system but also enhancing the maximum COP by 61.76%, 19.17% and 20.21%, respectively at the ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. Furthermore, the annual analysis shows that the MEJ + DMS system can save energy by 29.94% and increase SEER by 42.73% in hot summer and warm winter zone. The new proposed system has the advantages of greatly promoting system performance and saving energy and is expected to replace the existing CO2 supermarket booster refrigeration systems. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Keyword ：
CO2 CO2 Dedicated mechanical subcooling Dedicated mechanical subcooling Multi-ejector Multi-ejector Refrigeration Refrigeration Supermarket Supermarket
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Xi , Yu, Kaihong , Wan, Xinchen et al. Performance evaluation of CO2 supermarket refrigeration system with multi-ejector and dedicated mechanical subcooling [J]. | ENERGY REPORTS , 2021 , 7 : 5214-5227 . |
| MLA | Liu, Xi et al. "Performance evaluation of CO2 supermarket refrigeration system with multi-ejector and dedicated mechanical subcooling" . | ENERGY REPORTS 7 (2021) : 5214-5227 . |
| APA | Liu, Xi , Yu, Kaihong , Wan, Xinchen , Li, Xuelai . Performance evaluation of CO2 supermarket refrigeration system with multi-ejector and dedicated mechanical subcooling . | ENERGY REPORTS , 2021 , 7 , 5214-5227 . |
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