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学者姓名：秦红玲
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Abstract ：
With the introduction of concepts, such as clean power plants and smart power plants, higher demands are placed on the operating environment of power plants, the reliability and longevity of hydro generator set operation. The carbon brush/slip ring assembly is an important part of the excitation system of a hydro generator set, and the excitation current is transmitted through sliding contact between the two. In actual operation, the carbon brush/slip ring assembly often has problems, such as carbon brush overheating, ignition and arc erosion due to the change of interface contact state. In this way, it not only causes temporary elimination of the hydro generator set, but also seriously affects the safety and reliability of hydro generator set operation. Since most online monitoring systems can only monitor the temperature and overcurrent of carbon brushes and wear parameters, they cannot directly monitor the contact state between carbon brush/slip ring assembly, so indirect monitoring becomes the key to solve the problem. The contact state between carbon brush/sip ring assembly can be characterized by friction coefficient, contact resistance, contact voltage drop, etc. For current-carrying friction systems, the most commonly used parameter is the contact resistance between the interfaces. The contact resistance can not only reflect the rough contact state between the interfaces and the generation of surface film, but also to some extent the distance between the friction interfaces. Generally speaking, the rougher the surface, the greater the distance between the two friction surfaces, the smaller the effective conductive area between the friction sub, the greater the contact resistance. When the contact resistance between the friction subsets increases, the temperature of the carbon brush/slip ring assembly will further increase. If the relationship between temperature and contact resistance can be established, the contact state can be indirectly reflected by temperature. Therefore, this paper established a mathematical model of contact resistance based on the theories related to electrical contact and heat transfer. The model aimed to estimate the contact resistance value based on the carbon brush temperature. The relevant parameters in the model were determined by the carbon brush/slip ring current-carrying friction test, and the dynamic changes of contact resistance and the key influencing factors were calculated and analyzed under different rated current, rotational speed and spring pressure conditions. The results of the calculation were substituted into COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis software, and the temperature rise of the carbon brush was simulated and compared with the temperature rise of the carbon brush obtained from the test based on its built-in physical field control equations to verify the validity of the model. The calculation results showed that the contact resistance peaked at the beginning of the system operation, and then levelled off gradually. When the interface contact pressure was certain, the contact resistance value decreased with the increase of rated current; under the condition of certain rated current, the contact resistance value of carbon brush with high interface contact pressure was small. When the rotational speed of collector ring increased, the influence of spring pressure on the contact resistance between friction pairs further increased. When the rated current reached above 1 000 A, the contact resistance between the friction interface further increased with the increase of slip ring rotational speed. © 2024 Science Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
Carbon Carbon Contact resistance Contact resistance Finite element method Finite element method Friction Friction Heat transfer Heat transfer Hydroelectric generators Hydroelectric generators Hydroelectric power plants Hydroelectric power plants Interface states Interface states Online systems Online systems Wear of materials Wear of materials
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| GB/T 7714 | Qin, Hongling , Li, Hongbo , Zhao, Xinze et al. Calculation and Simulation Verification of Contact Resistance of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Friction Pair of Hydro Generator Set [J]. | Tribology , 2024 , 44 (1) : 60-69 . |
| MLA | Qin, Hongling et al. "Calculation and Simulation Verification of Contact Resistance of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Friction Pair of Hydro Generator Set" . | Tribology 44 . 1 (2024) : 60-69 . |
| APA | Qin, Hongling , Li, Hongbo , Zhao, Xinze , Yi, Jingwen , Zhao, Yijun . Calculation and Simulation Verification of Contact Resistance of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Friction Pair of Hydro Generator Set . | Tribology , 2024 , 44 (1) , 60-69 . |
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碳刷/集电环组件作为水轮发电机组励磁系统的重要组成部分,常因界面接触状态变化而出现碳刷过热、打火、电弧侵蚀等问题.其界面间的接触状态目前无法直接监测,间接监测则成为解决该问题的关键.载流摩擦副间的接触状态常用接触电阻进行表征,因此,本文中基于电接触和传热学的相关理论,建立了接触电阻的数学模型,该模型旨在根据碳刷温度估算接触电阻值.通过碳刷/集电环载流摩擦试验确定模型中的相关参数,计算并分析不同额定电流、转速、弹簧压力条件下,接触电阻的动态变化及关键影响因素.将计算结果代入COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件中,基于其内置的物理场控制方程,仿真模拟碳刷的温度并与试验得到的碳刷的温度作比较,以验证该模型的有效性.计算结果表明:当界面接触压力一定时,接触电阻值随着额定电流的增大而减小;当额定电流一定时,界面接触压力大的碳刷接触电阻值小;当集电环转速增大时,弹簧压力对接触电阻的影响进一步增大.
Keyword ：
在线监测 在线监测 接触电阻 接触电阻 数学模型 数学模型 有限元 有限元 碳刷/集电环 碳刷/集电环
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| GB/T 7714 | 秦红玲 , 李洪波 , 赵新泽 et al. 水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证 [J]. | 摩擦学学报 , 2024 , 44 (1) : 60-69 . |
| MLA | 秦红玲 et al. "水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证" . | 摩擦学学报 44 . 1 (2024) : 60-69 . |
| APA | 秦红玲 , 李洪波 , 赵新泽 , 易静雯 , 赵益俊 . 水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证 . | 摩擦学学报 , 2024 , 44 (1) , 60-69 . |
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碳刷/集电环组件作为水轮发电机组励磁系统的重要组成部分，常因界面接触状态变化而出现碳刷过热、打火、电弧侵蚀等问题.其界面间的接触状态目前无法直接监测，间接监测则成为解决该问题的关键.载流摩擦副间的接触状态常用接触电阻进行表征，因此，本文中基于电接触和传热学的相关理论，建立了接触电阻的数学模型，该模型旨在根据碳刷温度估算接触电阻值.通过碳刷/集电环载流摩擦试验确定模型中的相关参数，计算并分析不同额定电流、转速、弹簧压力条件下，接触电阻的动态变化及关键影响因素.将计算结果代入COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件中，基于其内置的物理场控制方程，仿真模拟碳刷的温度并与试验得到的碳刷的温度作比较，以验证该模型的有效性.计算结果表明：当界面接触压力一定时，接触电阻值随着额定电流的增大而减小；当额定电流一定时，界面接触压力大的碳刷接触电阻值小；当集电环转速增大时，弹簧压力对接触电阻的影响进一步增大.
Keyword ：
在线监测 在线监测 接触电阻 接触电阻 数学模型 数学模型 有限元 有限元 碳刷/集电环 碳刷/集电环
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| GB/T 7714 | 秦红玲 , 李洪波 , 赵新泽 et al. 水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证 [J]. | 摩擦学学报(中英文) , 2024 , 44 (01) : 60-69 . |
| MLA | 秦红玲 et al. "水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证" . | 摩擦学学报(中英文) 44 . 01 (2024) : 60-69 . |
| APA | 秦红玲 , 李洪波 , 赵新泽 , 易静雯 , 赵益俊 . 水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环摩擦副接触电阻计算及仿真验证 . | 摩擦学学报(中英文) , 2024 , 44 (01) , 60-69 . |
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水轮发电机组中的碳刷在运行的过程中产生的碳粉在接触面会导致振动、高温、打火等问题，从而引发与之配对的集电环表面出现损伤，这种损伤的累计会进一步恶化电机的运行环境。针对此问题，从影响碳刷服役性能的主要因素、检测方法及碳刷选型标准等三方面进行分析研究，介绍了制造工艺、材料配方、运行工况等三种因素影响下碳刷物理性能和载流摩擦磨损性能的变化，重点分析了其对碳刷的载流摩擦磨损性能影响，以及碳刷性能的检测方法和碳刷的选型标准。为水轮发电机组碳刷的选型与检测、性能升级等提供思路。
Keyword ：
影响因素 影响因素 检测 检测 水轮发电机组 水轮发电机组 碳刷 碳刷 质量 质量 选型 选型
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| GB/T 7714 | 秦红玲 , 卢杰 , 唐伟 et al. 影响水轮发电机组碳刷性能的主要因素及检测方法与标准 [J]. | 水力发电 , 2024 , 50 (04) : 60-65 . |
| MLA | 秦红玲 et al. "影响水轮发电机组碳刷性能的主要因素及检测方法与标准" . | 水力发电 50 . 04 (2024) : 60-65 . |
| APA | 秦红玲 , 卢杰 , 唐伟 , 徐翔 , 赵新泽 , 杨大贵 . 影响水轮发电机组碳刷性能的主要因素及检测方法与标准 . | 水力发电 , 2024 , 50 (04) , 60-65 . |
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金属橡胶是一种弹性多孔纯金属材料，其内部的网格互穿结构复杂而无序，难以通过一般方法准确描述，这限制了其在高温环境下的可控应用。为此，通过虚拟制备技术构建了综合考虑金属橡胶材料属性、线匝几何尺寸及工艺参数等因素的金属橡胶有限元模型。在此基础上，推导出金属橡胶内部金属丝微元热传导的动态理论公式并进行相关的有限元分析。结果表明：当仅有热载荷时，金属橡胶主要由连续金属丝实现传热并通过界面接触进行换热，温度场沿成形方向呈梯度分布。此外，由于材料的膨胀其宏观尺寸会增大，但在外部约束与孔隙收容机制的作用下其热膨胀系数小于实心材料的热膨胀系数。而当同时存在热-力载荷时，金属橡胶展现出了良好的结构稳定性与耐热性。通过材料高温准静态压缩试验对材料的热力学性能进行了测试，验证所建立的有限元模型能够有效地反映与预测金属橡胶材料复杂的热力学性能，为材料在高温环境下的应用提供了一定的理论指导。
Keyword ：
热力学性能 热力学性能 网格互穿结构 网格互穿结构 虚拟制备 虚拟制备 金属橡胶 金属橡胶
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| GB/T 7714 | 任志英 , 黄子豪 , 方荣政 et al. 金属橡胶无序式网格互穿结构的热力学性能研究 [J]. | 机械工程学报 , 2024 , 60 (08) : 165-175 . |
| MLA | 任志英 et al. "金属橡胶无序式网格互穿结构的热力学性能研究" . | 机械工程学报 60 . 08 (2024) : 165-175 . |
| APA | 任志英 , 黄子豪 , 方荣政 , 王秦伟 , 莫继良 , 秦红玲 . 金属橡胶无序式网格互穿结构的热力学性能研究 . | 机械工程学报 , 2024 , 60 (08) , 165-175 . |
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This study explores material modification utilizing molybdenum disulfide and glass fiber as lubricating and reinforcing modified materials respectively. The specimens underwent tests for mechanical-physical properties, oil storage capacity and frictional characteristics. The differential analysis identified the optimal mechanical-physical properties of the porous composite PI material at a molding pressure of 192 MPa, molding temperature of 330°C, 9% of AC foaming agent content, 8% of molybdenum disulfide content, and 20% of glass fiber content. The wear coefficient increased with load and decreased with rotational speed, indicating the suitability of this porous composite oil-retaining PI material for medium-high-speed and low-load frictional conditions. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Keyword ：
Composite materials Composite materials Friction Friction Glass fibers Glass fibers Layered semiconductors Layered semiconductors Molding Molding Molybdenum disulfide Molybdenum disulfide Physical properties Physical properties
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Jiangxiong , Qin, Hongling , Xu, Xiang et al. Study on the performance of porous polyimide bearing cage material modified with molybdenum disulfide and glass fiber [C] . 2024 . |
| MLA | Chen, Jiangxiong et al. "Study on the performance of porous polyimide bearing cage material modified with molybdenum disulfide and glass fiber" . (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Jiangxiong , Qin, Hongling , Xu, Xiang , Zeng, Yi , Chen, Kangni . Study on the performance of porous polyimide bearing cage material modified with molybdenum disulfide and glass fiber . (2024) . |
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In this study, a porous structure for a porous liquid storage medium is generated, and the homogenization theory based on displacement boundary conditions is used to predict the effective mechanical properties. The relationship between the porous material's macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure is next analyzed. In order to establish the relationship between the microstructure of porous materials and their macroscopic mechanical properties, assuming that the pores grow along the z direction, a method is proposed to generate 3D open-cell porous materials based on six design parameters (i.e., the number of pores, porosity, irregularity of pore distribution, the randomness of pore growth in the x and y directions, and randomness of pore size). Since the porosity of oil-bearing materials ranges from 20 to 30%, the porosity of the RVE (Representative Volume Element) was kept under control at about 25%, and the effect of the six design factors on the mechanical properties of the RVE was investigated. Utilizing SLA 3D printing technology, specimens were produced, and compression tests were used to show how useful the results of the numerical analysis were. The results demonstrated that after the number of RVE pores reaches 9, the numerical results have good repeatability. The irregularity of the initial pore distribution has little effect on the effective mechanical properties of the RVE. At the same time, the increase in the randomness of pore growth and the randomness of pore size increases the degree of weakening of the mechanical properties in the z-direction, while reducing the degree of weakening in the x and y directions, but the latter has a smaller impact. Furthermore, there is a superimposition effect of design parameters on the RVE.
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Kangni , Qin, Hongling , Ren, Zhiying . Establishment of the microstructure of porous materials and its relationship with effective mechanical properties [J]. | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS , 2023 , 13 (1) . |
| MLA | Chen, Kangni et al. "Establishment of the microstructure of porous materials and its relationship with effective mechanical properties" . | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 13 . 1 (2023) . |
| APA | Chen, Kangni , Qin, Hongling , Ren, Zhiying . Establishment of the microstructure of porous materials and its relationship with effective mechanical properties . | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS , 2023 , 13 (1) . |
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In order to solve the problem that the film on the contact interface surface of the carbon brush/slip ring assembly of the hydro-generator set is difficult to form and easy to be damaged. Similar tests are carried out on a current-carrying friction and wear test machine with the same size and structure as the one in service, to explore the mechanism and key factors working on the formation and destroy of film on the surface of carbon brush and slip ring. Based on the analysis of the causes of the film on the surface of the current-carrying friction pairs, the effects of current density, velocity, temperature, and load on the surface film formation of the collecting ring were studied. The surface square resistance of the slip ring was detected with a four-probe square resistance tester to understand the formation of the surface film layer without damaging the collecting ring. The maximum square resistance of the positive electrode surface could reach 0.6 mΩ at 4 m/s and 8 m/s, and the maximum square resistance of the positive electrode surface can reach 25 mΩ at 12 m/s, and the high rotational speed tearing the surface carbon film promoted contact of the base metal with oxygen. The current increased the temperature of the friction pair, which was conducive to the oxidation reaction, but too high temperature would lead to the desorption of water molecules on the friction surface, resulting in serious wear and damage to the surface film. The temperature of the negative carbon brush was generally higher than that of the positive carbon brush. Uneven spring pressure would lead to an uneven current carrying the carbon brush, which was more likely to cause high-temperature damage to the surface film of the negative carbon brush. Film generation was the fastest at 12 m/s and 800 A current. It took about 200 minutes for the topography of the carbon brush and the collector ring to be run in, after which the surface film began to form gradually. The surface film was mainly composed of a graphite layer and an oxide layer. The size of the film resistance was mainly affected by the film thickness. During the formation of the surface film, the contact resistance between the carbon brush and the collector ring is mainly based on shrinkage resistance in the early stage, and film resistance in the later stage. The rotational speed is the main factor affecting the rate of surface film formation. High temperature is the direct cause of damage to the surface film. In this paper, the current-carrying operation of the carbon brush/slip ring under actual working conditions is restored to the greatest extent, and the formation mechanism of the surface film is analyzed, which has a certain guiding significance for the formation and maintenance of the surface film of the collector ring. © 2023 Chongqing Wujiu Periodicals Press. All rights reserved.
Keyword ：
carbon brush/slip ring carbon brush/slip ring current-carrying friction current-carrying friction formation mechanism formation mechanism hydro-generator hydro-generator surface film surface film
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| GB/T 7714 | Qin, H.-L. , Wang, J.-T. , Li, H.-B. et al. Effect of Operating Conditions on Friction Surface Film Formation of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Assemblies; [运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响] [J]. | Surface Technology , 2023 , 52 (9) : 178-188 . |
| MLA | Qin, H.-L. et al. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Friction Surface Film Formation of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Assemblies; [运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响]" . | Surface Technology 52 . 9 (2023) : 178-188 . |
| APA | Qin, H.-L. , Wang, J.-T. , Li, H.-B. , Zhao, X.-Z. , Yi, J.-W. , Zhao, Y.-J. et al. Effect of Operating Conditions on Friction Surface Film Formation of Carbon Brush/Slip Ring Assemblies; [运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响] . | Surface Technology , 2023 , 52 (9) , 178-188 . |
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传统等离子体渗氮存在着渗氮时间长、渗氮不均匀等问题，因此提高等离子体渗氮效果和渗氮速率是等离子体渗氮技术发展的重点方向。本文综述了活性屏等离子体渗氮的技术原理和近年来的发展特点，梳理了多元离子共渗、表面自纳米化预处理和预氧化3种催化技术在传统等离子体渗氮过程中的作用机理和目前的发展现状。多种催化技术相结合的传统等离子体渗氮工艺和活性屏等离子体渗氮的催化工艺将是未来等离子体渗氮发展的重要方向。
Keyword ：
多元离子共渗 多元离子共渗 活性屏等离子体渗氮 活性屏等离子体渗氮 表面自纳米化 表面自纳米化 预氧化 预氧化
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| GB/T 7714 | 袁盛章 , 王海斗 , 董丽虹 et al. 钢铁材料新型等离子体渗氮工艺的研究现状 [J]. | 材料热处理学报 , 2023 , 44 (10) : 1-9 . |
| MLA | 袁盛章 et al. "钢铁材料新型等离子体渗氮工艺的研究现状" . | 材料热处理学报 44 . 10 (2023) : 1-9 . |
| APA | 袁盛章 , 王海斗 , 董丽虹 , 刘彬 , 秦红玲 . 钢铁材料新型等离子体渗氮工艺的研究现状 . | 材料热处理学报 , 2023 , 44 (10) , 1-9 . |
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目的 解决水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环组件接触界面表面膜形成困难和容易破损的问题.方法 在分析载流摩擦表面膜层成因的基础上,采用某水轮发电机组所用的碳刷及集电环配副,在同尺寸水轮发电机组碳刷/集电环模拟试验台进行相似性试验,用四探针方阻仪表征表面膜层的氧化情况,研究电流密度、速度、温度、载荷对集电环表面膜生成的影响.结果 碳刷与集电环形貌磨合大约需要 200 min,随后表面膜逐渐形成.在4、8 m/s转速下,正极集电环表面方阻的最大值可达到0.6 m?,在12 m/s转速下正极集电环表面方阻的最大值可达到 25 m?.电流提高了摩擦副的温度,有利于氧化反应的进行,但过高的温度会导致摩擦表面水分子脱附,从而严重磨损表面膜.负极碳刷的温度普遍高于正极碳刷.弹簧压力分布不均会导致碳刷载流分配不均,更易引发负极碳刷出现高温,损坏表面膜.在 12 m/s转速、800 A电流工况下,表面膜的生成速度相对最快.结论 表面膜主要由石墨层和氧化物层组成,在表面膜的形成过程中,碳刷与集电环间的接触电阻在前期以收缩电阻为主,在后期以膜层电阻为主.膜层电阻主要受到膜层厚度的影响.转速是影响表面膜生成速率的主要因素.高温是造成表面膜破坏的直接原因.
Keyword ：
形成机理 形成机理 水轮发电机组 水轮发电机组 碳刷/集电环 碳刷/集电环 表面膜 表面膜 载流摩擦磨损 载流摩擦磨损
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| GB/T 7714 | 秦红玲 , 王锦涛 , 李洪波 et al. 运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响 [J]. | 表面技术 , 2023 , 52 (9) : 178-188 . |
| MLA | 秦红玲 et al. "运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响" . | 表面技术 52 . 9 (2023) : 178-188 . |
| APA | 秦红玲 , 王锦涛 , 李洪波 , 赵新泽 , 易静雯 , 赵益俊 et al. 运行工况对碳刷/集电环摩擦副表面膜形成的影响 . | 表面技术 , 2023 , 52 (9) , 178-188 . |
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