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学者姓名：张元超
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Abstract ：
Understanding the shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures is important for assessing the permeability evolution and seismic hazard in shale and geothermal reservoirs. The displacement dependence of fracture dilation has been well studied, while the influence of slip velocity is poorly constrained. In this study, we combined displacement- and velocity-dependent aperture models to reproduce the transient shear-induced dilatancy of fractures in sandstone in 16 normal stress unloading tests. Our results show that the combined aperture model can describe the transient fracture aperture evolution during accelerating slip induced by normal stress unloading better than the model dependent only on slip displacement. Slip velocity could enhance the aperture increase on smoother fractures at lower normal stresses and higher slip velocities. Both the dilation factor and characteristic slip distance decrease with increasing normal stress and surface roughness, signifying reduced contribution of slip velocity to transient shear-induced dilatancy at higher normal stresses and surface roughness. The dilation angle increases with the increase of surface roughness, and this increase diminishes at higher normal stresses primarily attributable to more severe asperity wear. These findings highlight the importance of slip velocity in controlling the transient evolution of aperture and permeability of a rock fracture. Our study also provides constraints on the constitutive parameters in the combined aperture model for describing transient shear-induced fracture dilatancy. We suggest that it is crucial to incorporate the velocity-dependent aperture model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of fracture aperture in future analytical and numerical models involving coupled hydromechanical processes in geoenergy systems.
Keyword ：
Fracture and flow Fracture and flow Fractures, faults, and high strain deformation zones Fractures, faults, and high strain deformation zones Permeability and porosity Permeability and porosity
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Supeng , Ji, Yinlin , Hofmann, Hannes et al. Temporal evolution of shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures: controls from surface roughness and normal stress [J]. | GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL , 2024 , 238 (1) : 199-213 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Supeng et al. "Temporal evolution of shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures: controls from surface roughness and normal stress" . | GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 238 . 1 (2024) : 199-213 . |
| APA | Zhang, Supeng , Ji, Yinlin , Hofmann, Hannes , Yin, Qian , Li, Shouding , Zhang, Yuanchao . Temporal evolution of shear-induced dilatancy of rock fractures: controls from surface roughness and normal stress . | GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL , 2024 , 238 (1) , 199-213 . |
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Abstract ：
The assessment of long-term stability of rocks surrounding a tunnel considering rock weathering is a challenging topic in tunnel engineering. In this study, a new stability analysis model for wet -dry (W -D) sensitive rocks surrounding underground excavations is presented. Based on the disturbed state concept (DSC) theory, the excavation disturbed zones (EDZ) of a tunnel are defined and their evolution characteristics during the tunnel excavation stage and the operation stage are analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the damage and stress states of rocks at different deformation stages, the concept of disturbance in the DSC theory is extended and the concepts of elastic disturbance and plastic disturbance are proposed. Both disturbance functions are derived based on the Mohr -Coulomb yield criterion considering the W -D rock weathering deterioration. From these functions, a DSC-based stability analysis model for W -D sensitive rocks surrounding underground excavations is established. The proposed model is implemented in the finite difference software FLAC3D and verified using a simple numerical model. As a case study, the effectiveness of the mitigation measures for the problematic section of the South Lvliang Mountain Tunnel is evaluated by the proposed model. It has been demonstrated that the formation of EDZ around the tunnel is a dynamic process which gradually evolves with the tunnel excavation, operation and weathering deterioration of surrounding rocks. The proposed stability analysis model can better analyze the disturbance evolution characteristics of W -D sensitive rocks surrounding a tunnel over its full life cycle and is a more comprehensive evaluation tool for tunnel stability assessment considering rock weathering deterioration.
Keyword ：
Disturbed state concept Disturbed state concept Gypsum strata Gypsum strata Rock disturbance Rock disturbance Tunnel stability analysis Tunnel stability analysis Wet -dry sensitive rocks Wet -dry sensitive rocks
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| GB/T 7714 | Huang, Ming , Jiang, Song , Zhang, Yuanchao et al. A new stability analysis model for wet-dry sensitive rocks surrounding underground excavations based on disturbed state concept theory [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2024 , 174 . |
| MLA | Huang, Ming et al. "A new stability analysis model for wet-dry sensitive rocks surrounding underground excavations based on disturbed state concept theory" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES 174 (2024) . |
| APA | Huang, Ming , Jiang, Song , Zhang, Yuanchao , Jiang, Yujing , Zhang, Xudong , Xu, Chaoshui . A new stability analysis model for wet-dry sensitive rocks surrounding underground excavations based on disturbed state concept theory . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2024 , 174 . |
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To reveal the mechanism of shear failure of en-echelon joints under cyclic loading, such as during earthquakes, we conducted a series of cyclic shear tests of en-echelon joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. We analyzed the evolution of shear stress, normal stress, stress path, dilatancy characteristics, and friction coefficient and revealed the failure mechanisms of en-echelon joints at different angles. The results show that the cyclic shear behavior of the en-echelon joints is closely related to the joint angle, with the shear strength at a positive angle exceeding that at a negative angle during shear cycles. As the number of cycles increases, the shear strength decreases rapidly, and the difference between the varying angles gradually decreases. Dilation occurs in the early shear cycles (1 and 2), while contraction is the main feature in later cycles (3−10). The friction coefficient decreases with the number of cycles and exhibits a more significant sensitivity to joint angles than shear cycles. The joint angle determines the asperities on the rupture surfaces and the block size, and thus determines the subsequent shear failure mode (block crushing and asperity degradation). At positive angles, block size is more greater and asperities on the rupture surface are smaller than at nonpositive angles. Therefore, the cyclic shear behavior is controlled by block crushing at positive angles and asperity degradation at negative angles. © 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keyword ：
Constant normal stiffness (CNS) Constant normal stiffness (CNS) Cyclic shear tests Cyclic shear tests En-echelon joint En-echelon joint Normal displacement Normal displacement Shear stress Shear stress
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, B. , Jiang, Y. , Zhang, Q. et al. Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal stiffness conditions [J]. | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering , 2024 , 16 (9) : 3419-3436 . |
| MLA | Wang, B. et al. "Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal stiffness conditions" . | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 16 . 9 (2024) : 3419-3436 . |
| APA | Wang, B. , Jiang, Y. , Zhang, Q. , Chen, H. , Liu, R. , Zhang, Y. . Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal stiffness conditions . | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering , 2024 , 16 (9) , 3419-3436 . |
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Abstract ：
The unloading mode of shear and normal stresses and the number of shear cycles have important influences on the unloading-induced slip of rock fractures. Clarifying the slip mechanism of rock fractures disturbed by deep excavation is critically important for the exploitation of underground energy and the mitigation of seismicity. In this research, the simultaneous unloading tests of normal stress and shear stress on the rough-walled sandstone fractures are carried out cyclically. Experimental results indicate that the ratio of unloading rate of shear stress to that of normal stress (i.e., vs/vn) mainly controls the slip modes of the fracture. When vs/vn is less than 0.66, the sandstone fracture will be activated to slip, which involves a quasi-static slip stage and a dynamic slip stage. And, a lower value of vs/vn tend to produce a larger duration of the quasi-static slip stage and a lower peak slip velocity at the initiation point, vice versa. The quasi-static slip stage is essentially dominated by the asperity damage process and the cycle number mainly affects the initial stress state of the fracture. Our observations suggest that adjusting the unloading rate ratio during the excavation process may reduce the possibility of fracture slip-induced dynamic hazards.
Keyword ：
Asperity damage Asperity damage Dynamic slip Dynamic slip Seismicity Seismicity Slip behavior Slip behavior Unloading-induced slip Unloading-induced slip
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Richeng , Zhu, Xinjie , Zhang, Yuanchao et al. Simultaneous unloading of shear and normal stresses induces activation of naturally rough-walled sandstone fractures [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2023 , 170 . |
| MLA | Liu, Richeng et al. "Simultaneous unloading of shear and normal stresses induces activation of naturally rough-walled sandstone fractures" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES 170 (2023) . |
| APA | Liu, Richeng , Zhu, Xinjie , Zhang, Yuanchao , Jiang, Yujing , Li, Shuchen . Simultaneous unloading of shear and normal stresses induces activation of naturally rough-walled sandstone fractures . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES , 2023 , 170 . |
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Abstract ：
Shear properties of the rock-concrete interface are critical to the stability of deep underground engineering projects, particularly in high-temperature environments caused by geothermal activity, fire or nuclear waste radiation. A series of cyclic shear tests were performed on the pre-heated sandstone-concrete interface under both CNL and CNS conditions. The study carefully examined the degradation characteristics of shear mechanics, as well as the evolution of interfacial damage and energy, during cyclic shear of rock-concrete interface. The experimental results show that the pre-heating temperature and the number of shear cycles have considerable effects on the adhesion, shear strength, normal deformation, shear stiffness and friction coefficient of the sandstone-concrete interface, especially under CNS conditions. Furthermore, the nonlinear evolution of interfacial damage and energy release during cyclic shear is highly dependent on the pre-heating temperature. These test results provide valuable insights for revealing the mechanical degradation and evaluating the shear performance of rock-concrete interfaces in deep underground engineering projects subjected to high-temperature environments.
Keyword ：
Constant normal stiffness Constant normal stiffness Cyclic shear test Cyclic shear test High temperature High temperature Rock-concrete interface Rock-concrete interface Shear strength Shear strength
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Yuanchao , Huang, Ming , Jiang, Yujing et al. Mechanics, damage and energy degradation of rock-concrete interfaces exposed to high temperature during cyclic shear [J]. | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2023 , 405 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Yuanchao et al. "Mechanics, damage and energy degradation of rock-concrete interfaces exposed to high temperature during cyclic shear" . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 405 (2023) . |
| APA | Zhang, Yuanchao , Huang, Ming , Jiang, Yujing , Wang, Zhi . Mechanics, damage and energy degradation of rock-concrete interfaces exposed to high temperature during cyclic shear . | CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS , 2023 , 405 . |
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Abstract ：
En-echelon joints occur widely in rock masses and are often subjected to dynamic loads during earthquakes and rock bursts, which considerably influence stability in rock engineering. However, little is known of the cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints. This study conducted a series of cyclic shear tests on en-echelon joints under constant normal load (CNL) boundary conditions to investigate the cyclic shear behavior and dilation charac-teristics. The results show that shearing mechanisms of en-echelon joints were determined by joint angles during cyclic shearing, leading to differences in the evolution of shear resistance and dilation characteristics. A new phenomenon was observed, in that, shear stresses increased and decreased with an increase in the number of cycles during small and large shear displacements, respectively. The shear strengths and average dilation angles under cyclic shear loads decreased with increasing number of cycles. The difference in the peak shear stresses between en-echelon joints with different joint angles decreased with the number of cycles (N). Finally, dilation only occurred in the first several cycles, contraction predominated after several cycles, and the contraction of the specimens at a positive angle was larger than that at a negative angle. These findings hold crucial implications for predicting surface ruptures after earthquakes.
Keyword ：
Cyclic loading Cyclic loading En-echelon joint En-echelon joint Number of cycles Number of cycles Shear behavior Shear behavior Shear strength Shear strength
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Bin , Jiang, Yujing , Zhang, Qiangyong et al. Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal load [J]. | ENGINEERING GEOLOGY , 2023 , 325 . |
| MLA | Wang, Bin et al. "Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal load" . | ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 325 (2023) . |
| APA | Wang, Bin , Jiang, Yujing , Zhang, Qiangyong , Zhang, Yuanchao . Cyclic shear behavior of en-echelon joints under constant normal load . | ENGINEERING GEOLOGY , 2023 , 325 . |
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Abstract ：
Through high-precision engraving,self-affine sandstone joint surfaces with various joint roughness coefficients(JRC=3.21-12.16)were replicated and the shear sliding tests under unloading normal stress were conducted regarding various initial normal stresses(1-7 MPa)and numbers of shearing cycles(1-5).The peak shear stress of fractures decreased with shear cycles due to progressively smooth surface morphologies,while increased with both JRC and initial normal stress and could be verified using the nonlinear Barton-Bandis failure criterion.The joint friction angle of fractures exponentially increased by 62.22％-64.87％with JRC while decreased by 22.1％-24.85％with shearing cycles.After unloading normal stress,the sliding initiation time of fractures increased with both JRC and initial normal stress due to more tortuous fracture morphologies and enhanced shearing resistance capacity.The surface resistance index(SRI)of fractures decreased by 4.35％-32.02％with increasing shearing cycles due to a more sig-nificant reduction of sliding initiation shear stress than that for sliding initiation normal stress,but increased by a factor of 0.41-1.64 with JRC.After sliding initiation,the shear displacement of fractures showed an increase in power function.By defining a sliding rate threshold of 5 × 10-5 m/s,transition from"quasi-static"to"dynamic"sliding of fractures was identified,and the increase of sliding acceler-ation steepened with JRC while slowed down with shearing cycles.The normal displacement experi-enced a slight increase before shear sliding due to deformation recovery as the unloading stress was unloaded,and then enhanced shear dilation after sliding initiation due to climbing effects of surface asperities.Dilation was positively related to the shear sliding velocity of fractures.Wear characteristics of the fracture surfaces after shearing failure were evaluated using binary calculation,indicating an increasing shear area ratio by 45.24％-91.02％with normal stress.
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| GB/T 7714 | Qian Yin , Chun Zhu , Jiangyu Wu et al. Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress [J]. | 岩石力学与岩土工程学报（英文版） , 2023 , 15 (10) : 2658-2675 . |
| MLA | Qian Yin et al. "Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress" . | 岩石力学与岩土工程学报（英文版） 15 . 10 (2023) : 2658-2675 . |
| APA | Qian Yin , Chun Zhu , Jiangyu Wu , Hai Pu , Qi Wang , Yuanchao Zhang et al. Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress . | 岩石力学与岩土工程学报（英文版） , 2023 , 15 (10) , 2658-2675 . |
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Abstract ：
针对基坑桩基施工对相邻既有地铁隧道的扰动影响问题,采用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立三维有限元数值模型,系统研究了灌注桩施工过程对土体及邻近地铁隧道的扰动机理,分析了注浆压力大小及桩基施工顺序对隧道三维变形的影响规律。结果表明:基坑灌注桩在既有隧道旁侧施工时,隧道中部断面附近的变形最大。较大的注浆压力更易破坏土体的稳定性,增加土体塑性变形从而降低弹性变形。桩基施工过程中,先施工的桩基产生的土体扰动会使后续桩基施工更易诱发土体位移,距地铁由近及远进行桩基施工可减小对地铁线路的扰动。采用由近及远、跳桩施工的措施,结合邻近地铁边线10m范围内采用0.5MPa低压力注浆的方法,可以使地铁扰动位移控制在预警值以内。
Keyword ：
基坑开挖 基坑开挖 数值模拟 数值模拟 桩基施工 桩基施工 注浆压力 注浆压力
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈大平 , 明升亮 , 汪泽楷 et al. 桩基施工对邻近地铁扰动效应的数值模拟研究 [J]. | 建筑结构 , 2023 , 53 (S2) : 2456-2461 . |
| MLA | 陈大平 et al. "桩基施工对邻近地铁扰动效应的数值模拟研究" . | 建筑结构 53 . S2 (2023) : 2456-2461 . |
| APA | 陈大平 , 明升亮 , 汪泽楷 , 黄明 , 张元超 . 桩基施工对邻近地铁扰动效应的数值模拟研究 . | 建筑结构 , 2023 , 53 (S2) , 2456-2461 . |
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Abstract ：
Through high-precision engraving, self-affine sandstone joint surfaces with various joint roughness coefficients (JRC 1/4 3.21e12.16) were replicated and the shear sliding tests under unloading normal stress were conducted regarding various initial normal stresses (1-7 MPa) and numbers of shearing cycles (1 -5). The peak shear stress of fractures decreased with shear cycles due to progressively smooth surface morphologies, while increased with both JRC and initial normal stress and could be verified using the nonlinear Barton-Bandis failure criterion. The joint friction angle of fractures exponentially increased by 62.22%-64.87% with JRC while decreased by 22.1%-24.85% with shearing cycles. After unloading normal stress, the sliding initiation time of fractures increased with both JRC and initial normal stress due to more tortuous fracture morphologies and enhanced shearing resistance capacity. The surface resistance index (SRI) of fractures decreased by 4.35%-32.02% with increasing shearing cycles due to a more significant reduction of sliding initiation shear stress than that for sliding initiation normal stress, but increased by a factor of 0.41-1.64 with JRC. After sliding initiation, the shear displacement of fractures showed an increase in power function. By defining a sliding rate threshold of 5 x 10(-5) m/s, transition from "quasi-static" to "dynamic" sliding of fractures was identified, and the increase of sliding acceleration steepened with JRC while slowed down with shearing cycles. The normal displacement experienced a slight increase before shear sliding due to deformation recovery as the unloading stress was unloaded, and then enhanced shear dilation after sliding initiation due to climbing effects of surface asperities. Dilation was positively related to the shear sliding velocity of fractures. Wear characteristics of the fracture surfaces after shearing failure were evaluated using binary calculation, indicating an increasing shear area ratio by 45.24%-91.02% with normal stress. (c) 2023 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keyword ：
Normal displacement Normal displacement Rough fracture surface Rough fracture surface Shear sliding Shear sliding Shear wear characteristics Shear wear characteristics Unloading normal stress Unloading normal stress
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| GB/T 7714 | Yin, Qian , Zhu, Chun , Wu, Jiangyu et al. Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress [J]. | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING , 2023 , 15 (10) : 2658-2675 . |
| MLA | Yin, Qian et al. "Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress" . | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 15 . 10 (2023) : 2658-2675 . |
| APA | Yin, Qian , Zhu, Chun , Wu, Jiangyu , Pu, Hai , Wang, Qi , Zhang, Yuanchao et al. Shear sliding of rough-walled fracture surfaces under unloading normal stress . | JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING , 2023 , 15 (10) , 2658-2675 . |
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