Microcapsule　phase　change　materials　(MPCMs)　show　great　potential　for　building　energy　conservation,　but　their　multi-scale　effects　on　cement-based　materials　remain　unclear.　This　study　systematically　evaluates　three　MPCMs　types:　melamine-formaldehyde　resin　(MF),　polymethyl　methacrylate　(PMMA),　and　polysiloxane　(PSi)　encapsulated　variants.　We　assess　their　impact　on　cement　properties　through　fluidity　tests,　compressive　strength　measurements,　nanoindentation,　X-ray　CT,　thermogravimetric　analysis,　and　extreme-environment　stability　tests.　Results　show　that　MPCMs　reduce　cement　paste　fluidity,　with　PMMA　and　PSi　groups　dropping　to　11.0　cm　and　8.2　cm　due　to　surface　roughness　and　agglomeration.　The　PSi　group　suffers　a　40　%　compressive　strength　loss　at　28　days,　caused　by　macro-pores　and　poor　dispersion.　Nanoindentation　reveals　the　PMMA　group　has　the　lowest　elastic　modulus.　X-CT　confirms　the　highest　porosity　(5.39　%)　in　PSi　specimens,　with　more　pores　exceeding　40　mu　m.　Under　extreme　conditions,　PSi　loses　52.14　%　latent　heat　at　high　temperatures,　whereas　the　MF　group　maintains　stability　with　under　10　%　total　loss.　Multi-scale　analysis　clarifies　how　MPCMs　shell　types　influence　cement　properties,　providing　a　foundation　for　optimizing　energy-efficient　building　applications.　Future　work　should　focus　on　interface　modification　and　long-term　performance　to　improve　MPCM-cement　composites　for　engineering　use.