Conventional　titanium　matrix　composites　(TMCs)　consistently　face　the　challenge　of　achieving　simultaneous　optimization　of　strength　and　ductility.　To　address　this　limitation,　we　propose　a　microstructure　engineering　approach　through　heterogeneous　structure　(HS)　design.　This　study　develops　a　novel　bimodal　structural　in　TA1　matrix　composites　via　thermomechanical　processing　combining　hot　rolling　and　recrystallization　annealing.　The　engineered　microstructure　comprises　alternating　hard　fine-grained　domains　and　soft　coarse-grained　regions,　with　graphene　nanoplatelets　(GNPs)　exhibiting　distinct　spatial　distributions:　continuous　network　configurations　in　fine-grained　regions　and　discontinuous　flake　morphology　in　coarse-grained　areas.　This　unique　heterogeneous　structural　arrangement　not　only　governs　the　bimodal　structures　distribution　but　also　enhances　mechanical　properties　through　effective　reinforcement.　Mechanical　characterization　via　quasi-static　tensile　testing　and　cyclic　load-unload　experiments　demonstrates　that　the　heterogeneous　GNPs/TA1　composite　achieves　an　80　%　enhancement　in　yield　strength　relative　to　conventional　homogeneous　TMCs　while　preserving　ductility.　Microstructural　analysis　reveals　that　hetero-deformation　induced　(HDI)　strengthening　at　the　interfaces　between　hard　and　soft　regions　acts　as　the　predominant　strengthening　mechanism,　effectively　accommodating　strain　incompatibility.　The　exceptional　strength-ductility　synergy　exhibited　by　this　heterogeneous　TMCs　underscores　its　significant　potential　for　advanced　aerospace　and　industrial　applications　requiring　high-performance　structural　materials.　©　2025　Elsevier　B.V.