With　the　rapid　advancements　in　new　energy　systems,　electrical　equipment　faces　increasingly　complex　operating　conditions　and　heightened　insulation　performance　requirements.　Flashover　discharges　caused　by　condensation　represent　a　significant　threat,　emphasizing　the　need　to　investigate　the　dynamic　behavior　of　insulating　materials　under　surface　wettability　conditions.　This　study　integrates　multi-physical　simulations　with　experimental　validation　to　explore　the　effects　of　various　factors　on　droplet　morphology　evolution　and　flashover　voltage.　The　results　reveal　that　voltage,　droplet　radius,　and　surface　tension　are　critical　determinants　of　droplet　deformation.　Under　direct　current　electric　fields,　the　spreading　coefficient　of　droplets　is　significantly　higher　than　under　alternating　current　fields,　with　a　maximum　difference　of　41.74%.　Notably,　hydrophobic　materials　exhibit　exceptional　resistance　to　droplet　deformation　at　low　voltages,　effectively　suppressing　droplet　motion　and　achieving　higher　flashover　voltages.　©　2025　IEEE.