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Transparent ceramics with high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) are considered as ideal candidate materials for the next generation of intelligent sensing devices due to their unique optical-mechanical-electrical coupling characteristics. However, synchronously achieving excellent d33 and optical transmittance in ceramics has always been hindered by cross-scale structural contradictions. Here, we propose a multiscale reconfiguration strategy through A/B-site codoping to construct small domain structures with broad distribution in the lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics, which are induced by the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases along with submicron grains. The results indicate that the optimal ceramics simultaneously achieve high transparency and enhanced piezoelectric performance (d33 = 180 pC/N with the planar electromechanical coupling factor of 34 %), originating from the synergistic effects of microstructural engineering (modulation of grain size and density) and polarization behavior optimization (via increased polarization channels and reduced energy barrier). Furthermore, excellent temperature stability (maintaining 90 % of d33 at 100 °C) is attained with the incorporation of high Curie temperature (332 °C) and wide phase distribution. The proposed pressure-warning smart window based on the optimal ceramic exhibits high sensitivity (3.98 nA/N), wide pressure sensing range (5–20 N) and superior mechanical stability, providing critical reference for novel intelligent sensing devices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947
Year: 2025
Volume: 520
1 3 . 4 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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