Shelterbelts　significantly　contribute　to　intercepting　rockfalls.　However,　due　to　the　structural　complexity　and　anisotropic　properties　of　the　＂crown-trunk-root-soil＂　system,　research　on　the　mechanisms　of　rockfall　interception　and　energy　absorption　by　trees　remains　limited.　To　address　this　gap,　a　three-dimensional　numerical　simulation　model　was　developed　to　represent　the　entire　plant　structure　within　the　＂crown-trunk-root-soil＂　system.　This　model　investigates　how　individual　trees　influence　the　blocking　effect　and　energy　absorption　during　rockfall　impacts　under　varying　collision　conditions.　Results　indicate　that　trees　can　block　rockfalls　and　absorb　impact　energy　through　a　multilayered　structural　response:　crown　buffering　and　trunk　carrying,　roots　provide　anchorage,　and　the　soil　facilitates　dissipation.　The　energy　absorption　rate　of　the　tree　decreases　with　increasing　kinetic　energy　of　the　rockfall,　and　the　peak　impact　force　increases　with　increasing　kinetic　energy　of　the　rockfall.　However,　both　the　energy　absorption　rate　and　peak　impact　force　exhibit　a　decreasing　trend　with　increasing　impact　height　and　eccentricity.　During　a　rockfall-tree　collision,　approximately　75%　of　the　kinetic　energy　is　absorbed　within　the　first　25　ms,　primarily　through　canopy　shaking　and　trunk　breakage　damage.　When　rockfall　kinetic　energy　is　low,　the　tree　structure　absorbs　around　80%-90%　of　the　energy,　while　the　root-soil　system　and　surrounding　soil　absorb　the　remaining　10%-20%;　tree　energy　absorption　rate　of　rockfalls　by　trees　tends　to　increase　and　then　decrease　with　increasing　impact　angle,　the　root-soil　system　and　surrounding　soil　absorb　between　15%　-25%　of　the　impact　energy.　the　study　results　can　provide　a　theoretical　basis　for　the　optimal　design　and　application　of　protection　forests　for　rockfall　hazards.　©　2025　Chinese　Vibration　Engineering　Society.　All　rights　reserved.