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author:

Chen, Lijuan (Chen, Lijuan.) [1] | Zhu, Zirui (Zhu, Zirui.) [2] | Xia, Yue (Xia, Yue.) [3] | Sun, Jitao (Sun, Jitao.) [4] | Chen, Yujuan (Chen, Yujuan.) [5]

Indexed by:

Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

In this paper, two models of toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton with strong or weak Allee effect are investigated. It is discussed whether the equilibria are stable and Hopf bifurcation exists. When the strong Allee effect rate is high and the toxin-producing rate is less, both of two species will remain extinct. However, when the toxin-producing rate increases, the system will possess either a stable limit cycle or a coexistence equilibrium. When the weak Allee effect rate is high, the immediate toxin-producing might result in the occurrence of coexistent equilibrium or a subcritical (supercritical) Hopf bifurcation. A degenerate Hopf bifurcation is also demonstrated by numerical simulation, where the inner limit cycle is stable and the outer one is unstable. For both strong Allee effect and weak Allee effect cases, the obtained results show that immediate production of toxin can aid in the survival of both species and large toxin-producing will be detrimental to the growth of zooplankton. The findings in this research can be viewed as a complement to those with the Allee effect.

Keyword:

Allee effect Hopf bifurcation Phytoplankton zooplankton Stability

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Chen, Lijuan]Fuzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Zhu, Zirui]Fuzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Xia, Yue]Fuzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, Peoples R China
  • [ 4 ] [Sun, Jitao]Nantong Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Nantong 226019, Peoples R China
  • [ 5 ] [Chen, Yujuan]Nantong Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Nantong 226019, Peoples R China
  • [ 6 ] [Sun, Jitao]Tongji Univ, Sch Math Sci, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China

Reprint 's Address:

  • [Chen, Lijuan]Fuzhou Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, Peoples R China

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Source :

QUALITATIVE THEORY OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

ISSN: 1575-5460

Year: 2025

Issue: 3

Volume: 24

1 . 9 0 0

JCR@2023

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 4

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