Improving　asphalt　aging　resistance　through　anti-aging　agents　is　critical　for　developing　long-life　pavement.　However,　organic　and　inorganic　anti-aging　agents　exhibit　significant　differences　in　their　effects　on　the　aging　resistance　of　asphalt　at　different　service　stages,　which　severely　affects　its　service　life.　To　explore　the　different　effects　of　various　anti-aging　agents　on　asphalt　aging　resistance　at　different　service　stages,　organic　antioxidants　(4010NA,　Tinuvin　944),　inorganic　layered　materials　(zirconium　phosphate　(ZrP);　layered　double　hydroxides　(LDHs)),　and　their　organically　modified　counterparts　(OZrP,　OLDHs)　on　the　aging　resistance　of　asphalt　across　different　aging　stages　were　investigated.　In　addition,　the　effects　of　organic　modification　on　the　structure　and　properties　of　layered　materials,　and　the　impact　of　different　anti-aging　agents　on　the　storage　stability　and　rheological　properties　of　asphalt　have　also　been　explored.　The　results　show　that,　the　organic　intercalation　modifier　has　been　successfully　introduced　into　the　ZrP/LDHs　interlayer,　greatly　enhancing　their　hydrophobicity.　All　agents　except　4010NA　promoted　a　viscous-to-elastic　transition　and　enhanced　high-temperature　performance.　Organic　modification　improved　the　low-temperature　flexibility,　fatigue　resistance　and　storage　stability　of　the　asphalt　modified　by　inorganic　layered　anti-aging　agents.　Anti-aging　efficacy　varies　by　agent　type　and　aging　stage:　4010NA　excelled　in　improving　the　short-term　thermal　oxidation　aging　resistance　during　construction,　all　agents　showed　comparable　efficacy　in　early　UV　aging　stage.　As　the　aging　time　prolonged,　organic　agents’　performance　degraded　over　time,　while　inorganic　layered　materials　maintained　stable　protection　based　on　physical　mechanisms　that　shield　against　UV　radiation　and　inhibit　thermal-oxygen　penetration.　Notably,　ZrP　showed　the　excellent　and　lasting　improvement　in　the　aging　resistance　of　asphalt,　and　organic　modification　further　enhanced　its　effectiveness.　These　findings　provide　critical　insights　for　selecting　and　designing　anti-aging　strategies　tailored　to　long　life　asphalt　pavements.　©　2025　Elsevier　Ltd