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author:

Wu, Xin (Wu, Xin.) [1] | Zhu, Xueqi (Zhu, Xueqi.) [2] | Wang, Shuaishuai (Wang, Shuaishuai.) [3] | Tang, Xuehuang (Tang, Xuehuang.) [4] | Lang, Taifu (Lang, Taifu.) [5] | Belyaev, Victor (Belyaev, Victor.) [6] | Abduev, Aslan (Abduev, Aslan.) [7] | Kazak, Alexander (Kazak, Alexander.) [8] | Lin, Chang (Lin, Chang.) [9] | Yan, Qun (Yan, Qun.) [10] | Sun, Jie (Sun, Jie.) [11]

Indexed by:

EI

Abstract:

Micro Light Emitting Diode (Micro-LED) technology, characterized by exceptional brightness, low power consumption, fast response, and long lifespan, holds significant potential for next-generation displays, yet its commercialization hinges on resolving challenges in high-density interconnect fabrication, particularly micrometer-scale bump formation. Traditional fabrication approaches such as evaporation enable precise bump control but face scalability and cost limitations, while electroplating offers lower costs and higher throughput but suffers from substrate conductivity requirements and uneven current density distributions that compromise bump-height uniformity. Emerging alternatives include electroless plating, which achieves uniform metal deposition on non-conductive substrates through autocatalytic reactions albeit with slower deposition rates; ball mounting and dip soldering, which streamline processes via automated solder jetting or alloy immersion but struggle with bump miniaturization and low yield; and photosensitive conductive polymers that simplify fabrication via photolithography-patterned composites but lack validated long-term stability. Persistent challenges in achieving micrometer-scale uniformity, thermomechanical stability, and environmental compatibility underscore the need for integrated hybrid processes, eco-friendly manufacturing protocols, and novel material innovations to enable ultra-high-resolution and flexible Micro-LED implementations. This review systematically compares conventional and emerging methodologies, identifies critical technological bottlenecks, and proposes strategic guidelines for industrial-scale production of high-density Micro-LED displays. © 2025 by the authors.

Keyword:

Fluorescence Microfabrication Phosphorescence

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Wu, Xin]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 2 ] [Wu, Xin]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 3 ] [Zhu, Xueqi]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 4 ] [Zhu, Xueqi]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 5 ] [Wang, Shuaishuai]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 6 ] [Wang, Shuaishuai]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 7 ] [Tang, Xuehuang]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 8 ] [Tang, Xuehuang]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 9 ] [Lang, Taifu]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 10 ] [Lang, Taifu]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 11 ] [Belyaev, Victor]Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, Mytishchi; 141014, Russia
  • [ 12 ] [Abduev, Aslan]Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, Mytishchi; 141014, Russia
  • [ 13 ] [Kazak, Alexander]Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, Mytishchi; 141014, Russia
  • [ 14 ] [Lin, Chang]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 15 ] [Lin, Chang]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 16 ] [Yan, Qun]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 17 ] [Sun, Jie]College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350100, China
  • [ 18 ] [Sun, Jie]Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou; 350108, China
  • [ 19 ] [Sun, Jie]Department of Microscience and Nanotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg; 41296, Sweden

Reprint 's Address:

  • [sun, jie]fujian science & technology innovation laboratory for optoelectronic information of china, fuzhou; 350108, china;;[sun, jie]department of microscience and nanotechnology, chalmers university of technology, gothenburg; 41296, sweden;;[sun, jie]college of physics and information engineering, fuzhou university, fuzhou; 350100, china

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Source :

Materials

Year: 2025

Issue: 8

Volume: 18

3 . 1 0 0

JCR@2023

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SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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