The　electromagnetic　force　generated　by　the　internal　discharge　defects　of　power　equipment　will　trigger　an　abnormal　Vibration　source,　which　is　transmitted　to　the　surface　of　the　equipment　through　the　internal　rigid　components　and　gas-liquid　insulating　medium.　As　a　result,　potential　mechanical　defects　within　the　equipment　can　be　detected　by　Vibration　characteristics　on　the　surface　of　the　equipment.　Laser　Doppler　Vibration　(LDV)　is　a　non-contact　Vibration　measurement　technology　widely　used　in　various　fields.　However,　the　application　of　commercially　available　general-purpose　LDV　Vibration　measurement　devices　on　power　equipment　has　many　shortcomings,　such　as　insufficient　optical　coupling　and　weak　resistance　to　strong　magnetic　interference.　This　paper　proposes　a　comprehensive　compensation　algorithm　for　the　unadaptable　surface　roughness　of　electrical　materials　and　unbalanced　amplitude-phase　of　IQ　Signals,　which　exist　in　the　detection　of　LDV　in　the　charged　Operation　of　power　equipment.Firstly,　the　1　550　nm　all-fiber　heterodyne　interferometric　Vibration　measurement　System　is　designed　and　constructed　according　to　the　principle　of　LDV　Vibration　measurement.　The　Vibration　signal　reduction　is　realized　using　the　baseband　signal　quadrature　demodulation　algorithm.　Second,　the　surface　roughness　of　different　electrical　materials　is　obtained　by　a　roughness　tester,　and　a　three-dimensional　ray　optical　compensation　model　is　established　considering　the　combination　of　rough　electrical　material　surfaces　and　lenses.　Third,　the　mirror　image　suppression　algorithm　is　used　to　correct　the　effect　of　IQ　amplitude-phase　imbalance　on　the　demodulation　results,　and　the　effectiveness　of　the　correction　algorithm　is　discussed.　Finally,　the　Vibration　test　platforms　and　the　actual　Vibration　measurement　experiment　platform　of　Gas　Insulated　Switchgear　(GIS)　are　constructed.The　results　show　that　the　average　coupling　efficiency　of　the　LDV　is　increased　by　21.92%　for　different　electrotechnical　materials　after　adding　the　proposed　optical　antenna　compensation,　which　verifies　the　feasibility　of　the　optical　antenna　structure　design.　Under　strong　magnetic　environmental　interference,　the　IQ　signal　has　an　image　interference　ratio　(HR)　of　25.04　dB　and　an　orthogonality　imbalance　of　0.012.　The　signal-to-noise　ratio　of　the　demodulated　signal　is　improved　by　25.8　dB　after　the　compensation　of　the　IQ　signal.The　calibration　test　of　LDV　for　electrical　materials　shows　that　the　developed　equipment　has　accurate　measurement　results　and　high　signal-to-noise　ratios.　The　stability　of　distance　response　for　different　electrical　materials　can　be　satisfied　in　long-distance　energized　detection　of　electrical　equipment.　In　the　actual　power　equipment　charged　Operation,　the　improved　LDV　System　is　easy　to　install　and　avoids　the　transmission　loss　caused　by　reflective　stickers.　Compared　with　traditional　acceleration　sensors,　the　measured　time　domain　waveforms　are　closer　to　sinusoidal,　and　the　frequency　domain　graphs　are　less　noisy.　Thus,　the　Vibration　component　caused　by　defects　can　be　clearly　seen.　The　following　work　will　improve　the　LDV　equipment　by　adding　Vibration　mirrors　to　realize　multi-point　scanning　Vibration　measurement,　obtain　the　full-field　data　of　Vibration　on　the　surface　of　the　power　equipment,　and　carry　out　the　subsequent　inverse　analysis　of　the　internal　structure.　©　2025　China　Machine　Press.　All　rights　reserved.