Graphene-polymer　nanocomposites　have　garnered　significant　scientific　attention　because　of　their　excellent　electron　transport　properties,　exceptional　mechanical　strength,　large　surface　area,　size-selective　ability,　and　high　Young＇s　modulus.　When　effectively　organized　at　both　the　structural　and　interfacial　levels,　these　graphene-based　polymer　nanocomposites　demonstrate　remarkable　structural　integrity　and　multifunctional　capabilities.　Graphene　oxide　(GO)　stands　out　as　one　of　the　most　promising　materials　within　the　graphene　family.　This　review　provides　an　overview　of　the　synthetic　process　and　characterization　of　GO　and　GO-based　polymer　nanocomposites,　including　GO-cement　and　GO-hydrogels.　The　dispersion　of　GO　in　composites　is　analyzed　using　techniques　such　as　Raman　spectroscopy,　atomic　force　microscopy,　scanning　electron　microscopy,　and　others.　Despite　some　challenges,　GO-based　polymer　nanocomposites　exhibit　superior　performance　in　certain　aspects　and　demonstrate　wide　potential　applications.　©　Published　under　licence　by　IOP　Publishing　Ltd.