Background　Chronic　diabetic　wounds　pose　a　significant　clinical　challenge　due　to　the　limited　efficacy　of　current　treatments.　This　study　aimed　to　investigate　the　role　and　potential　mechanisms　of　adipose-derived　mesenchymal　stem　cells　(ADSCs)　overexpressing　acidic　fibroblast　growth　factor　(aFGF)　in　diabetic　wound　healing　in　a　rat　model.　Methods　ADSCs　were　genetically　modified　to　achieve　stable　overexpression　of　aFGF.　Varying　doses　of　aFGF-ADSCs　(1　x　10(6),　2　x　10(6),　3　x　10(6),　4　x　10(6))　were　injected　into　the　muscular　tissue　surrounding　diabetic　rat　wounds.　We　assessed　aFGF　expression　and　its　impact　on　various　stages　of　wound　healing,　including　angiogenesis,　inflammatory　response,　epithelialization,　and　collagen　deposition.　Transcriptomic　sequencing　was　performed　to　explore　the　underlying　mechanisms　driving　enhanced　wound　healing.　Results　Lentiviral　transduction　successfully　induced　stable　aFGF　overexpression　in　ADSCs.　In　vivo　experiments　revealed　that　varying　doses　of　aFGF-ADSCs　markedly　enhanced　wound　healing　in　diabetic　rats　in　a　dose-dependent　manner.　The　dose　of　3　x　10(6)　aFGF-ADSCs　demonstrated　the　most　significant　effect.　In　the　3　x　10(6)　aFGF-ADSCs　group,　expression　levels　of　aFGF,　CD31,　and　CD163　were　significantly　higher　than　in　other　groups　(p　＜　0.05),　while　CD86　expression　was　significantly　lower　(p　＜　0.05).　Conclusion　Single　doses　of　aFGF-ADSCs　comprehensively　improved　various　aspects　of　wound　repair　in　diabetic　rats,　offering　a　potential　new　approach　for　treating　chronic　diabetic　wounds.　The　mechanism　of　action　involves　promoting　angiogenesis,　modulating　inflammatory　responses,　accelerating　epithelialization,　and　optimizing　collagen　deposition.