Ethnopharmacological　relevance:　As　an　important　component　of　the　cell　wall　of　Gram-negative　bacteria,　lipopolysaccharide　(LPS)　is　an　important　inducer　of　inflammation　in　humans.　Smilax　china　L.　is　known　for　its　diverse　bioactive　functions,　particularly　its　anti-inflammatory　effects.　Aim　of　the　study:　This　study　aimed　to　investigate　the　bioactive　function　of　Smilax　china　L.　polyphenols　(SCLP)　on　LPS-induced　inflammation.　Materials　and　methods:　Inflammation　in　RAW264.7　macrophages　and　mice　were　induced　using　LPS.　The　cytotoxicity　of　SCLP　was　investigated　by　MTT　assay.　Inflammatory　factors　were　detected　by　ELISA　and　RT-PCR.　The　expression　of　NF-κB　pathway-related　proteins　was　analyzed　by　Western　Blotting.　Results:　The　results　demonstrated　that　SCLP　significantly　reduced　the　levels　of　pro-inflammatory　factors　(TNF-α,　IL-1β,　and　IL-6)　and　inhibited　M1　polarization　of　macrophages　in　both　RAW264.7　macrophages　and　mice　(p　＜　0.05).　Western　Blotting　analysis　revealed　that　the　levels　of　NF-κB　signaling　pathway-associated　proteins　(p-p65,　p-IKB,　p-IKK)　were　significantly　reduced　(p　＜　0.05).　Notably,　SCLP　significantly　downregulated　the　expression　of　pro-apoptotic　proteins,　while　upregulating　the　expression　of　anti-apoptotic　proteins　in　RAW264.7　macrophages　(p　＜　0.05).　Additionally,　the　levels　of　antioxidant　enzymes　were　enhanced　in　mice,　suggesting　a　potential　reduction　in　the　inflammatory　response.　Conclusions:　These　findings　indicated　that　SCLP　might　inhibit　LPS-induced　M1　polarization　through　the　NF-κB　signaling　pathway,　thereby　reducing　inflammation.　Consequently,　SCLP　might　serve　as　a　promising　bioactive　substance　for　preventing　inflammation-related　injury.　©　2025　Elsevier　B.V.