Aluminum　alloy　axial　compression　members　are　extensively　utilized　in　engineering　involving　long-span　space　structures,　owing　to　their　lightweight　and　high-strength　properties.　To　facilitate　assembly　or　allow　for　the　passage　of　pipelines,　wires,　and　other　installations,　it　is　necessary　to　create　cross　openings　in　the　columns.　This　study　investigates　the　buckling　behavior　of　square　hollow　section　(SHS)　aluminum　alloy　slender　columns　with　cross　openings　under　axial　compression　load.　Through　an　axial　compression　test　involving　21　members,　buckling　failure　characteristics,　load-carrying　capacity,　and　development　of　displacement　and　strain　are　analyzed.　The　findings　reveal　the　effects　of　opening　diameter,　opening　number,　and　column　slenderness　on　the　axially　compressed　properties.　The　finite　element　method　is　further　utilized　to　conduct　the　extensive　parameter　analysis　involving　60　column　models,　complementing　the　experimental　findings　and　elucidating　the　correlation　between　failure　modes　and　the　influence　of　opening　parameters　on　column　strength.　For　members　characterized　by　local　buckling,　increasing　the　cross-section　opening　ratio　significantly　reduces　the　load-carrying　capacity.　For　members　characteristic　of　global-local　coupling　buckling,　reducing　the　opening　spacing　has　a　more　considerable　adverse　impact.　The　load-carrying　capacity　is　predicted　using　two　methods:　nonlinear　regression　and　BP　artificial　neural　network　based　on　k-fold　cross-validation.　The　prediction　results　demonstrate　minor　errors　and　discretization,　providing　a　valuable　reference　for　the　application　and　advancement　of　aluminum　alloy　members　in　engineering.　©　2025