Integrating　energy　storage　systems　(ESSs)　into　the　railway　power　flow　controller　(RPFC)　offers　a　promising　path　to　enhance　the　interaction　capability　and　connection　compatibility　between　the　railway　power　systems　(RPSs)　and　the　utility.　Despite　its　technical　advantages,　full　consideration　must　be　given　to　the　media-type　&　configuration　of　ESS,　the　rating　of　RPFC,　and　the　control　framework　that　can　compatibly　integrate　the　control　&　planning　for　cost-efficiency　improvement.　For　this　problem,　a　novel　concept　that　takes　the　real-time　control　and　offline　configuration　approach　in　a　unified　framework　is　proposed　for　hybrid　ESS-integrated　RPFC　(HESS-RPFC)　in　this　paper,　in　which　the　comprehensive　techno-economic　performances　of　the　whole　system　are　taken　into　account.　First,　a　unified　analytical　power　regulation　framework　is　established　for　HESS-RPFC,　in　which　the　functions　of　energy　management　(EM)　and　power　quality　control　are　seamlessly　integrated.　To　realize　EM,　improve　RPS’s　grid-connection　compatibility,　and　reduce　the　rating　of　RPFC,　a　double-layer　power　regulation　strategy　of　HESS-RPFC　is　developed　on　the　proposed　framework.　Subsequently,　a　lifetime　net　benefit-oriented　optimization　model　is　formulated　and　solved,　through　which,　the　optimal　rating　configuration　of　the　whole　system　and　HESS’s　mode-triggering　thresholds　can　be　obtained.　Finally,　a　comprehensive　performance　evaluation　based　on　real-measured　data　is　conducted,　revealing　that　HESS-RPFC　with　the　proposed　method　provides　superior　economic　benefits　over　single-media　ESS　schemes,　ensures　satisfactory　grid-connection　compatibility　for　the　RPS,　and　reduces　the　RPFC’s　rating　by　nearly　46%.　Additionally,　the　real-time　execution　feasibility　of　the　proposal　is　demonstrated　by　hardware-in-the-loop　tests.　©　2000-2011　IEEE.