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Abstract:
Ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in the development and evolution of Earth's life system. The extremely high bond energy (941 kJ mol−1) of N2 hinder the conversion of N2 to NH3 under mild conditions. Meanwhile, clearly identifying the distribution of intermediates for NH3 synthesis remains a huge challenge in the experiment. Herein, we anchored carbon clusters (C60 or C70) onto Ru catalysts supported on rare earth oxides, forming a class of Ru-carbon cluster co-catalysts that exhibit strong electronic metal-carbon cluster interaction (EMCI). Carbon clusters function as an electron buffer that induced electron uptake from metallic Ru sites and concurrently provides electron feedback to Ruδ+ in a reversible manner, achieving a flexible balance of electron density at the Ru active sites. Moreover, H-affinitive carbon clusters serve as the site for the adsorption, activation and migration of hydrogen. With Ru and carbon clusters synergistically bridged by hydrogen spillover, the Ru-C60 co-catalyst exhibits an exceptionally high NH3 synthesis rate and remarkable stability. Experimental provides direct evidence of the distribution and evolution of *N2Hx (x = 1∼3) intermediates, with the hydrogenation of *NH2 to form *NH3 identified as the rate-determining step. This work paves the way for utilizing carbon clusters in important chemical reactions. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Advanced Functional Materials
ISSN: 1616-301X
Year: 2024
Issue: 8
Volume: 35
1 8 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
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