Single　shell　segmental　lining　can　withstand　a　maximum　water　head　of　about　50　m.　If　the　water　pressure　exceeds　this　value,　it　is　necessary　to　partially　reduce　groundwater　pressure　acting　behind　the　tunnel　lining.This　paper　presents　a　novel　TBM　tunnel　drainage　technology　that　employs　adjustable　pressure　valves　to　regulate　the　volume　of　incoming　water.　This　method　not　only　reduces　the　impact　of　tunnel　drainage　on　the　surrounding　groundwater　environment　but　also　effectively　decreases　the　water　pressure　behind　the　lining,　lowering　the　risk　of　structural　damage　and　enhancing　the　load-bearing　capacity　of　the　lining.　This　represents　an　integration　of　prevention　and　drainage　in　the　engineering　concept　of　groundwater　control.The　study　commenced　with　field　experiments　in　the　Daxiang　Mountain　Tunnel　of　the　Fuzhou　Intercity　Railway,　focusing　on　the　effects　of　different　drainage　hole　spacings　and　pressure　valve　settings　on　tunnel　water　inflow,　pressure　behind　segmental　linings,　and　strain　on　the　linings’　inner　surfaces.　A　numerical　model　was　subsequently　constructed　to　compare　and　validate　these　field　monitoring　results,　which　demonstrated　a　high　level　of　agreement.　Finally,　a　parametric　analysis　was　conducted,　and　the　results　indicate:　(1)　Although　increasing　the　spacing　between　drainage　holes　effectively　controls　groundwater　discharge,　the　resulting　higher　water　gradient　near　these　holes　significantly　increases　bending　moments　at　the　foot　of　the　side　wall　and　invert　of　the　lining,　thus　elevating　the　risk　of　structural　disorders　in　the　lining.　(2)　At　segmental　linings　with　drainage　holes　spaced　at　3.6　m,　the　installation　of　pressure　valves　set　to　400　kPa　reduced　the　drainage　volume　from　2.18　m3/(D·m)　to　1.56　m3/(D·m)　compared　to　the　full　drainage　scenario.　This　reduction　satisfies　the　groundwater　conservation　requirements　of　the　Daxiang　Mountain　area　and　significantly　lowers　the　risk　of　structural　damage　to　the　lining　caused　by　high　water　gradients　near　the　drainage　holes.　Consequently,　the　load-bearing　capacity　of　the　segmental　tunnel　structure　is　effectively　utilized.The　research　outcomes　of　this　paper　can　offer　guidance　for　the　drainage　countermeasure　design　in　similar　TBM　tunnel　projects.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd