As　one　type　of　promising　electrochemical　technologies,　high　temperature　proton　exchange　membrane　fuel　cells　(HT-PEMFCs)　have　been　widely　recognized　as　the　next-generation　fuel　cell　technology　for　clean　energy　conversion　due　to　their　superiorities　of　fast　electrochemical　kinetics,　simplified　water　management,　good　tolerance　to　feeding　gas　contaminants,　low　emission　and　high　efficiency　of　energy　conversion.　However,　performance　failure　during　long-term　operation　still　largely　hinders　their　practical　application.　Accordingly,　the　explorations　of　advanced　materials　and　structures,　degradation　mechanisms　and　mitigation　strategies　are　attracting　intensive　attentions　for　promoting　the　progress　of　this　technology.　In　addressing　the　timely　update　on　the　emerging　progress　regrading　long-term　durability　of　HT-PEMFCs,　a　comprehensive　review　summarizing　the　most　recent　developments　of　performance　failure　mechanisms　and　mitigation　strategies　for　critical　components　of　HT-PEMFCs　is　presented　here.　In　this　paper,　the　fundamentals　involving　basic　reactions,　main　components,　and　development　history　are　first　summarized　for　fundamental　understanding;　then,　the　failure　analysis　and　the　corresponding　mitigation　strategies　for　critical　components　involving　proton　exchange　membrane,　catalytic　layer,　gas　diffusion　layer,　bipolar　plate,　and　thermal/water　management　systems　are　mainly　emphasized.　Furthermore,　the　technical　challenges　are　analyzed　and　the　further　research　directions　are　also　proposed　for　overcoming　the　challenges　toward　practical　application　of　HT-PEMFCs.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd