Low-density　parity-check　(LDPC)　codes　with　protograph-based　raptor-like　(PBRL)　structure　have　been　chosen　as　the　data　channel　coding　scheme　for　the　fifth-generation　(5G)　enhanced　mobile　broad　band　(eMBB)　services.　However,　these　5G　LDPC　codes　are　not　optimized　for　the　scenarios　of　Ultra　Reliable　and　Low　Latency　Communications　(URLLC)　and　massive　Machine　Type　Communications　(mMTC)　in　which　small　transport　block　sizes　are　usually　used.　In　this　paper,　a　new　method　is　proposed　to　construct　PBRL　LDPC　codes　for　URLLC　and　mMTC.　This　method　incorporates　degree-distribution　optimization,　base　matrix　derived　from　parity-check　matrix　of　quadratic　residue　codes,　masking　technique　and　modified　progressive-edge-growth　(PEG)　algorithm.　Simulation　results　show　that　the　proposed　PBRL　LDPC　codes　outperform　5G　LDPC　short　codes　in　terms　of　error-correcting　performance.