The　amount　of　actively　cultivated　land　in　China　is　increasingly　threatened　by　rapid　urbanization　and　rural　population　aging.　Quantifying　the　extent　and　changes　of　active　cropland　and　cropping　intensity　is　crucial　to　global　food　security.　However,　national-scale　datasets　for　smallholder　agriculture　are　limited　in　spatiotemporal　continuity,　resolution,　and　precision.　In　this　paper,　we　present　updated　annual　Cropland　Use　Intensity　maps　in　China　(China-CUI10m)　with　descriptions　of　the　extent　of　fallow/abandoned,　actively　cropped　fields　and　cropping　intensity　at　a　10-m　resolution　in　recent　six　years　(2018–2023).　The　dataset　is　produced　by　robust　algorithms　with　no　requirements　for　regional　adjustments　or　intensive　training　samples,　which　take　full　advantage　of　the　Sentinel-1　(S1)　SAR　and　Sentinel-2　(S2)　MSI　time　series.　The　China-CUI10m　maps　have　achieved　high　accuracy　when　compared　to　ground　truth　data　(Overall　accuracy　=　90.88%)　and　statistical　data　(R2　＞　0.94).　This　paper　provides　the　recent　trends　in　cropland　abandonment　and　agricultural　intensification　in　China,　which　contributes　to　facilitating　geographic-targeted　cropland　use　control　policies　towards　sustainable　intensification　of　smallholder　agricultural　systems　in　developing　countries.　©　The　Author(s)　2024.