Molybdenum　disulfide　is　considered　an　excellent　anode　material　for　lithium-ion　batteries　due　to　its　unique　structure　and　high　specific　capacity.　However,　molybdenum　disulfide＇s　inherent　low　ionic　transport　rate　and　low　intrinsic　conductivity　have　limited　its　application　in　lithium-ion　batteries.　Compounding　with　carbon　materials　is　an　effective　way　to　overcome　these　limitations　in　the　application　of　molybdenum　disulfide.　In　this　work,　the　effect　of　carbon　layer　on　the　growth　of　molybdenum　disulfide　was　systematically　investigated　in　order　to　disclose　the　role　and　influence　of　carbon　in　composites　with　molybdenum　disulfide.　Furthermore,　our　work　provides　an　effective　method　for　the　structural　optimization　of　one-dimensional　composites　based　on　carbon　and　molybdenum　disulfide　just　by　controlling　the　ratio　of　carbon　precursor　to　molybdenum　source　during　its　formation.　After　structural　optimization,　effective　MoS2@C　composite　materials　were　successfully　synthesized,　which　exhibited　greatly　enhanced　electrical　conductivity　and　structural　stability　and　maintained　a　specific　capacity　of　800.4　mA　h　g−1　even　after　1200　cycles　at　a　current　density　of　1　A　g−1　possibly　due　to　the　excellent　specific　capacity　of　molybdenum　disulfide.　©　2024　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.