Microfluidic　paper-based　point-of-care　assays　are　a　highly　valuable　technology　with　many　promising　applications　in　public　health　and　environmental　monitoring.　High-sensitivity　detection　of　certain　trace　substances　is　one　of　the　critical　important　considerations　for　practical　usage　of　microfluidic　point-of-care　techniques.　Over　the　past　decade,　luminescence　nanoprobes　have　been　increasingly　emerged　as　powerful　toolboxes　to　achieve　exceptional　sensitivity　and　low　detection　limits　for　many　chemical　sensors.　In　this　Review,　we　provide　an　overview　of　the　fundamental　principles　underlying　paper-based　microfluidic　point-of-care　detection.　We　highlight　various　luminescence　nanoprobes,　including　nano-diamonds,　upconversion　luminescent　nanoparticles,　inorganic　quantum　dots,　and　carbon　dots,　along　with　their　corresponding　sensing　mechanisms.　In　subsequent　sections,　we　emphasize　the　requisite　utilization　of　specialized　readout　equipment　for　the　effective　implementation　of　fluorescence　detection.　Moreover,　we　summarize　key　microfluidic　design　strategies　capable　of　achieving　enhanced　precision　in　the　detection　processes.　We　also　discuss　future　research　directions　and　the　main　challenges　to　be　addressed　for　fluorescence　nanoprobes-inspired　paper-based　microfluidic　point-of-care　technology.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.